Key Elements Involved in Alzheimer's Disease Progression.

Dania Khalid, Amber Afroz, Hammad Ismail, Umer Rashid, Saqib Hussain Hadri
{"title":"Key Elements Involved in Alzheimer's Disease Progression.","authors":"Dania Khalid, Amber Afroz, Hammad Ismail, Umer Rashid, Saqib Hussain Hadri","doi":"10.2174/0118715249388578250827072156","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with memory loss and a decline in cognitive behavior. It is a progressive brain disorder where an individual's intelligence and reasoning capabilities are highly affected. The ability to think and process any idea is impaired, which is quite common in elders aged above 60 years. However, the current era has reported an increase in Alzheimer's disease as people gradually lose the ability to analyze things at an early age of 45 years. The main cause of AD is not known yet, due to which a particular target for drug action is not available. The main elements implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) include tau protein, amyloid beta protein, and cholinergic receptors, all of which exhibit altered function and expression levels in individuals with the disease. Several studies indicate the disrupted levels of the brain's dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters. Mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium ions, and inflammation pathways also play a significant role in disease progression. The interplay of a number of genes and proteins is also dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease, which affects processes related to cell signaling and cell division. The link between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus is a new breakthrough in the research on both diseases. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses have revealed a number of interconnected genes responsible for AD. The use of natural products as medicines can be a great hallmark in Alzheimer's research, producing promising results in the future, which may lead to amelioration of the disease and its adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249388578250827072156","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with memory loss and a decline in cognitive behavior. It is a progressive brain disorder where an individual's intelligence and reasoning capabilities are highly affected. The ability to think and process any idea is impaired, which is quite common in elders aged above 60 years. However, the current era has reported an increase in Alzheimer's disease as people gradually lose the ability to analyze things at an early age of 45 years. The main cause of AD is not known yet, due to which a particular target for drug action is not available. The main elements implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) include tau protein, amyloid beta protein, and cholinergic receptors, all of which exhibit altered function and expression levels in individuals with the disease. Several studies indicate the disrupted levels of the brain's dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters. Mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium ions, and inflammation pathways also play a significant role in disease progression. The interplay of a number of genes and proteins is also dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease, which affects processes related to cell signaling and cell division. The link between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus is a new breakthrough in the research on both diseases. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses have revealed a number of interconnected genes responsible for AD. The use of natural products as medicines can be a great hallmark in Alzheimer's research, producing promising results in the future, which may lead to amelioration of the disease and its adverse effects.

参与阿尔茨海默病进展的关键因素。
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,与记忆丧失和认知行为下降有关。这是一种进行性脑部疾病,患者的智力和推理能力受到严重影响。思考和处理任何想法的能力受损,这在60岁以上的老年人中很常见。然而,据报道,随着人们在45岁时逐渐失去分析事物的能力,目前阿尔茨海默病的发病率有所上升。阿尔茨海默病的主要原因尚不清楚,因此没有特定的药物作用靶点。与阿尔茨海默病(AD)有关的主要成分包括tau蛋白、淀粉样蛋白和胆碱能受体,所有这些受体在阿尔茨海默病患者中都表现出功能和表达水平的改变。几项研究表明,大脑的多巴胺和血清素神经递质水平受到破坏。线粒体功能障碍、钙离子和炎症途径也在疾病进展中发挥重要作用。许多基因和蛋白质的相互作用也在阿尔茨海默病中失调,这影响了与细胞信号传导和细胞分裂相关的过程。将阿尔茨海默病与糖尿病联系起来是两种疾病研究的新突破。转录组学和蛋白质组学分析揭示了许多与阿尔茨海默病相关的相互关联的基因。使用天然产物作为药物可以成为阿尔茨海默病研究的一个重要标志,在未来产生有希望的结果,这可能导致疾病及其不利影响的改善。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信