Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Psychosomatic Disorder: The Current Implications and Challenges.","authors":"Abhimanyu Chauhan, Chakresh Kumar Jain","doi":"10.2174/0118715257265832231009072953","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257265832231009072953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, there has been increasing global concern about the rising prevalence and rapid progression of psychosomatic disorders (PD). This surge can be attributed to irregular biological conditions and the increasingly stressful lifestyles that individuals lead, ultimately resulting in functional impairments of vital organs. PD arises from intricate interactions involving the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Notably, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis plays an essential role, as its dysregulation is influenced by prolonged stress and psychological distress. Consequently, stress hormones, including cortisol, exert detrimental effects on immunological function, inflammation, and homeostatic equilibrium. It emerges as physical symptoms influenced by psychological factors, such as persistent pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, or respiratory complications, and is pertinent to highlight that excessive and chronic stress, anxiety, or emotional distress may engender the onset or exacerbation of cardiovascular disorders, namely hypertension and heart disease. Although several therapeutic strategies have been proposed so far, the precise etiology of PD remains elusive due to the intricate nature of disease progression and the underlying modalities of action. This comprehensive review seeks to elucidate the diverse classifications of psychosomatic disorders, explicate their intricate mechanisms, and shed light on their impact on the human body, which may act as catalysts for the development of various other diseases. Additionally, it explores the inherent medico-clinical challenges posed by PD and also explores the cutting-edge technologies, tools, and data analytics pipelines that are being applied in the contemporary era to effectively analyze psychosomatic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"399-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotective Role of <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> against Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Glucose Induced Stress in Rat Cardiomyocytes.","authors":"Shivani Singhal, Vibha Rani","doi":"10.2174/0118715257270512231013064533","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257270512231013064533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes has become a concern issue that affects the quality of life and can increase the risk of cardiac insufficiency elevating the threat to the life safety of patients. A recognized cause of cardiac insufficiency is diabetic cardiomyopathy, chronic hyperglycemia, and myocardial lipotoxicity which can reduce the myocardial contractile performance, and enhance the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy is multi-factorial which includes oxidative stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Recent clinical studies have suggested the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, secretion of metabolites, and their diffusion in to the host as to have direct detrimental effects on the cardiac contractility.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the present paper, we have done in silico studies including molecular interaction of phytoconstituents of <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> against reactive oxygen species producing proteins. Whereas, in vitro studies were conducted on H9C2 cardiac cells including cell morphological examination, level of reactive oxygen species, cell count-viability, apoptotic status, in the presence of high glucose, trimethylamine-n-oxide, and plant extracts which were determined through cell analyzer and microscopic assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatment of high glucose and trimethylamine-n-oxide was found to be increase the cardiac stress approximately two fold by attenuating hypertrophic conditions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes, and <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> was found to be a cardioprotective agent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusively, our study has reported that the Indian medicinal plant <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> has the ability to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our study can open up a new herbal therapeutic strategy against diabetic cardiomyopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"475-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Nattokinase from <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> MRS18: A Bacterial Strain Isolated from Fermented Beans.","authors":"Simran B Coutinho, Rutuja R Shirodkar, Anju Kanjirakkandy, Vijayaganapathi Arulmozhi, Mohanasrinivasan Vaithilingam, Subathra D Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.2174/0118715257275639231219054353","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257275639231219054353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nattokinase (NK) is a naturally occurring fibrinolytic protease enzyme obtained from the traditional Japanese food called Natto and has several uses in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. Nowadays, the most often used thrombolytic agent in the clinical field is NK, in part because it is less expensive than other thrombolytic medicines.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study is to investigate the screening, isolation and characterization of the NK enzyme-producing <i>Bacillus</i> strain from fermented Soya beans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample of fermented soya beans were tested for the presence of fibrinolytic protease- producing bacteria, followed by the screening, extraction, characterization and clot lysis assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of three isolates were screened for caseinolytic activities by casein hydrolysis assay. Out of those isolates, MRS18 was found to be potent in producing the enzyme proteinase. To determine the taxonomy and phylogeny of these isolates, biochemical and molecular characterization has been carried out. <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> MRS18 has been found with the highest caseinolytic activity. The clot lysing ability of the potent strain <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> was found to be 61.7% after 120 min, and on further purification, by ammonium sulphate precipitation method, the lysis percentage was found to be 656% after 120 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From the results of the present study, we concluded that <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> isolated from the fermented soya beans produced an NK enzyme that exhibits immense potential to lyse blood clots.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"223-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Gut Microbiota and Associated Compounds in Cardiovascular Health and its Therapeutic Implications.","authors":"Lu Liu, Guneet Inderjeet Kaur, Avinash Kumar, Abhinav Kanwal, Shailendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715257273506231208045308","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257273506231208045308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is possible that gut bacteria may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health in humans. It may play a major role in the progression of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including Heart Failure (HF), Atherosclerosis, Coronary Arterial Disease (CAD), Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), and Others. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, along with its direct and indirect impact on gut health, may induce cardiovascular disorders. Although advanced studies have demonstrated the relationship of various metabolites to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in animals, translating their functional capacity to humans remains a significant area of research. This paper simplifies the demonstration of some compounds, pathways, and components like Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and butyrate production. It demonstrates how a change in eating habits causes TMAO and how the impact of different drugs on gut microbiota species and high consumption of Westernized food causes several heartrelated problems, such as atherosclerosis and inflammation that can even become the cause of heart failure. Modulation of the gut microbiome, on the other hand, is a novel therapeutic measure because it can be easily altered through diet and other lifestyle changes. It could then be used to lower the risk of several CVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"375-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemistry, Biological Properties, and Bio-analysis of Tafamidis, a New Transthyretin Stabilizer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nikhil Agarwal, Sanjay Sharma, Jasira Sultan","doi":"10.2174/0118715257250153231011062855","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257250153231011062855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiomyopathy is a global health crisis that affects people all over the world. Consequently, scientists felt compelled to look for and develop ever-more-powerful pharmaceuticals. For ATTR-CM, the only drug currently recommended by the European Society of Cardiology is Tafamidis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary aim of this review article is to understand the chemistry, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and bio-analytical methods available for Tafamidis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the existing resources was accomplished up to 2022, comprising existing studies forming the database covering the existing resources from Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review was based on a systematic review of all the existing studies used to formulate the database. The study also illustrated the PRISMA design that systematically analyses the prevalent resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Minimal analytical techniques are observed for quantifying the Tafamidis and transthyretin kinetic stabiliser. Therapeutic, pharmacological, and analytical considerations for the novel drug Tafamidis are discussed in this review. Particular attention is paid to the many different analytical and bioanalytical methods currently available for estimating Tafamidis, and the need is highlighted to develop a straightforward, validated technique that meets green chemistry standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"121-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence Rate of Post Coronary Artery Shunt Complications; Age Dependent!","authors":"Basheer Abdullah Marzoog","doi":"10.2174/0118715257265595231128070227","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257265595231128070227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous complications, such as postoperative arrhythmia and stroke, have been observed following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study sought to examine the impact of aging on the incidence of post-coronary artery shunt complications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Aging is a physiological process experienced by every living cell, beginning early in development. Age plays a crucial role in determining postoperative complications, including those related to CABG.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 290 patients who underwent CABG at the Mordovian Republic Hospital between 2017 and 2021. The sample was divided into two age-based groups: the first group comprised 126 patients (mean age range: 55.21-60.00), and the second group included 163 patients (mean age range: 66.11-80.00). Statistical analyses employed in this study encompassed descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, T-test, one-way ANOVA test, ROC analysis, and Pearson correlation using Statistica 12 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elderly patients in the second group demonstrated a higher incidence of post-CABG arrhythmia (p < 0.012528). Moreover, the second group experienced markedly longer ICU and total hospitalization days following CABG, with p-values of less than 0.000000 and 0.000072, respectively. Notably, elderly individuals in the second group faced an increased risk of developing psychosis after CABG surgery (p < 0.007379). Furthermore, psychosis was found to be significantly associated with longer ICU hospitalization (p < 0.000140). Postoperative stroke occurred more frequently among the elderly (second group) with a p-value of less than 0.037736. Consequently, postoperative stroke was associated with extended ICU hospitalization (p < 0.000747). The usage of internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) was lower among the elderly (second group), with a p-value of less than 0.016145. Regarding correlations, a direct association was observed between age and ICU days, total hospitalization days, and the number of complications, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.189046, 0.141415, and 0.138565, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elderly individuals in the second group who undergo CABG face a greater risk of developing psychosis, arrhythmia, prolonged total and ICU hospitalization, and stroke. The presence of arrhythmia, which is commonly observed in patients aged 63 years and older, significantly affects total hospitalization days. The number of complications is influenced by age, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic cross-clamp time, ICU hospitalization, and total hospitalization duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"466-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial Dysfunction under the Scope of Arterial Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus using the Angioscan.","authors":"Basheer Abdullah Marzoog","doi":"10.2174/0118715257246589231018053646","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257246589231018053646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus are among the leading causes of mortality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study evaluated endothelial function in patients with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to assess the degree of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors older than 55 years of age.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 112 patients were subdivided into three groups according to the existing disease; the first group consisted of 50 patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension (AH), the second group consisted of 30 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and the third group included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The control group included 12 practically healthy volunteers, comparable in age and sex. Exclusion criteria were age under 55 years, severe concomitant diseases in the acute phase or acute infectious diseases, and oncopathology. Considered factors of cardiovascular risk include dyslipidemia, elevated fasting blood glucose, hypertension, obesity, cigarette smoking, and heredity for CVD. Moreover, tests were conducted with the help of the device 'AngioScan-01' (LLC \"AngioScan Electronics\"). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV), the index of stiffness of the vascular wall (SI), and the atherogenic index (log (<i>TG/HDL - C</i> )) were evaluated. The analysis of the data obtained was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistic program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the control group, the atherogenic index was in the range of 3.34 (the normal is up to 3.5). The highest atherogenic index, 4.01, was observed in the DM group (differences with the control group are statistically significant). In the AH and IHD groups, the atherogenic index was 3.57 and 3.65, respectively. In the control group, the level of glycemia was 4.45 mmol/l. The highest level of fasting glucose was reported in the DM group, <i>i.e.</i>, 6.7 mmol/l (differences with the control group were statistically significant). In the first and second groups, the fasting glucose level was 5.07 mmol/l and 5.08 mmol/l, respectively. In the control group, the mean EDV score was 2,056 ± 0.757 mm, and the lowest EDV in the DM group was 1.365 ± 0.413, but in the AH and IHD groups, it was also significantly reduced by 1.404 ± 0.440 and 1.377 ± 0.390, respectively. The stiffness index in the control group was 6.725 ± 0.776 m/s. In the DM group, this parameter was 8.258 ± 0.656 m/s; in the AH and IHD groups, it was 7.398 ± 1.330 m/s and 7.486 ± 0.816 m/s, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the study of endothelial function using non-invasive angioscan reflects the influence of risk factors on the vascular wall. The most severe endothelial dysfunction is expressed in patients with diabetes. The results of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the vascular","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Kinases of ESKAPE Pathogens for Therapeutic Interventions.","authors":"Deepansh Mody, Priyanka Joshi, Monika Antil, Rakesh K Gupta, Vibha Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0118715257267497231128093529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257267497231128093529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens are the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections across the globe, posing challenges for clinicians. Random genetic mutations and constant exposure to antibiotics in healthcare settings result in strains resistant to commonly used antibiotics, creating life-threatening conditions. If the magic of \"antibiotics\" is to be sustained, a new class of antimicrobials against novel targets is urgently needed. This necessitates understanding and identifying novel biochemical pathways and bacterial virulence factors that can be targeted for therapeutic interventions. Keeping in view the unambiguous role of the kinome in bacterial survival and virulence, this review provides a survey of effector bacterial kinases involved in evading host immune responses and drug resistance. The formation of biofilms is a critical feature associated with the pathogenesis and survival of ESKAPE organisms in the hostile host milieu. Hence, kinases involved in the biofilm pathway are also elucidated for clinical relevance. In addition, endeavors in the development of therapeutics against ESKAPE kinases are also summarized to provide direction to researchers pursuing the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":"22 3","pages":"276-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal Plant-rich Diet: A Potential Therapeutic Role in Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Tripathi, Chakresh Kumar Jain","doi":"10.2174/1871525722666230915103747","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871525722666230915103747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer is estimated to become the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Since most of the available therapies affect vital organs such as heart and liver, herbal remedies as a substitute therapy have been reported in several evidence-based studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Medicinal plants exhibit a diverse range of bioactive elements known for their medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Phytochemicals present in medicinal plants significantly trigger different signaling pathways, contributing to their therapeutic activities. This review covers a comprehensive summary of the therapeutic potential of an herbal diet in treating colorectal cancer and other ailments. Special attention will be given to exploring the interactions of medicinal plants with the microbiota and their associations with cancer pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds is a therapeutic option for colorectal cancer and potent cardioprotective and hepatoprotective agents. These bioactive compounds have demonstrated the ability to impede the growth of cancerous cells and trigger apoptosis. Our findings suggest that pomegranate, garlic, soybean, olive, green tea, papaya, and grapes are potential medicinal plants for combating cancer and related side effects. Bioactive compounds can modulate the gut microbiota's metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid production shows cardioprotective effects and reduces the risk of colorectal cancer. Hence, it can be stated that the interaction between a medicinal plant-rich diet and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in preventing colorectal cancer and cardiac arrest.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"308-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Enhanced Cytotoxicity Effect of Repurposed Drug Simvastatin/Thymoquinone Combination against Breast Cancer Cell Line.","authors":"Pallavi Kumari, Shweta Dang","doi":"10.2174/0118715257259037231012182741","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257259037231012182741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Repurposing of drugs for their anticancer potential is gaining a lot of importance in drug discovery.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aims to explore the potential of Simvastatin (SIM), a drug used in the treatment of high cholesterol, and Thymoquinone (<i>Nigella Sativa</i>) (THY) for its anti-cancer activity on breast cancer cell lines. Thymoquinone is reported to have many potential medicinal properties exhibiting antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, activities like inhibition of tissue growth and division.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this analysis, we explored the inhibitory effects of the combination of Simvastatin ad Thymoquinone on two breast cancer cell lines viz MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The combined effect of Simvastatin and Thymoquinone on Cell viability, Colony formation, Cell migration, and orientation of more programmed cell death <i>in vitro</i> was studied. Cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was concomitant with the combined effect of SIM and THY persuading apoptosis and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cell cycle arrest with combined treatment was observed that only 1.8% and 1.1% cells gated in G2/M phase in MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 cell. An increased apoptosis was observed when cells were treated in combination which was about 76.20% and 58.15% respectively for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that the combined effect of simvastatin and thymoquinone stimulates apoptosis in breast cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"348-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}