Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Ferula assa-foetida Ameliorates Lead Acetate-induced Splenotoxicity and Hematological Disturbances in Rats via Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense and Suppression of Inflammatory Cytokines.","authors":"Athare Dehghan, Seyyed Majid Bagheri, Mansour Esmailidehaj, Maryam Yadegari, Seyed Mahdi Mohamadi-Zarch","doi":"10.2174/0118715257496357260920204142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257496357260920204142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lead poisoning poses a significant global health challenge, impairing immune function and inducing oxidative stress and inflammation, particularly in the spleen. Ferula assa-foetida, a traditional medicinal plant, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its protective effects against lead-induced splenic toxicity remain underexplored. This study evaluates the protective effects of asafoetida on lead-induced splenic toxicity in male Wistar rats, focusing on hematological, biochemical, molecular, and histological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=8): control, lead (10 mg/kg/day), and lead + asafoetida (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Hematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH, SOD), inflammatory gene expression (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β), and splenic histopathology were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p <0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lead exposure reduced RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and antioxidant enzyme activities while increasing inflammatory gene expression and histopathological damage. Asafoetida treatment, particularly at 100 mg/kg, significantly restored hematological parameters (e.g.</p><p><strong>, rbc: </strong>8.3 ± 0.2 ×106/μL, p <0.01), enhanced CAT, GSH, and SOD activities (p <0.01), and reduced IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β expression (p <0.01). Histologically, asafoetida mitigated white pulp degeneration, vascular congestion, and inflammatory infiltration, with the 100 mg/kg dose showing the most significant improvements.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results confirm that lead-induced splenic toxicity occurs via oxidative stress and inflammation, consistent with prior studies. Asafoetida, especially at 100 mg/kg, exerted dose-dependent protection by restoring antioxidant defenses, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improving splenic histology. These effects likely stem from its bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols and sulfur derivatives). Similar protective roles of asafoetida have been reported against other heavy metals. Further research is warranted to clarify mechanisms and optimal dosing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Asafoetida effectively ameliorates lead-induced splenic toxicity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its potential as a complementary therapy for heavy metal toxicity. Further studies are needed to optimize dosing and elucidate mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149120064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stevia Rebaudiana: A Natural Sweetener with Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Aditi, Gurditta, Anjali Sharma, Vishnu Mittal, Devkant Sharma, Geeta Deswal","doi":"10.2174/0118715257448906260829150332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257448906260829150332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves are widely recognized for their role in producing a natural, plant-based sweetener. With increasing global concerns about sugar consumption and its impact on health, stevia has emerged as a promising alternative due to its intense sweetness and potential health benefits. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Stevia rebaudiana, with a primary focus on its pharmacological relevance and industrial applications, while also contextualizing consumer perception and market-driven demand for stevia as a healthier non-nutritive sweetener. The review examines stevia's botanical characteristics, chemical composition, bioactive constituents, therapeutic potential, food and pharmaceutical applications, safety profile, and evolving global market trends.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A literature review was conducted, analyzing research articles, market reports, and consumer studies on stevia. The study examines its chemical constituents, particularly rebaudioside A, hypoglycemic effects, and stevioside, and their role in providing sweetness. It also evaluates the stability and applicability of stevia in various food industries, including dairy, bakery, and beverages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicate that stevia serves as an excellent sugar substitute, especially for individuals aiming to reduce calorie intake or manage diabetes. Its natural origin and stability in different food matrices enhance its market appeal. Furthermore, consumer acceptance is influenced by its health benefits and industry-driven innovations. Market trends reflect a growing preference for natural and healthier sweeteners, positioning stevia as a key player in the sugar alternative segment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The increasing demand for natural and healthier sweeteners has significantly contributed to the growth of stevia in the global market. Its application across different sectors, including food, beverages, and nutraceuticals, demonstrates its versatility. However, factors such as taste perception, formulation challenges, and regulatory considerations still require further attention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stevia represents a viable natural sweetener with considerable health and commercial potential. Ongoing research, product development, and improved formulation strategies are expected to further support its adoption as a sustainable sugar alternative in the food and beverage industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotective Activity of Quisqualis indica Against Isoproterenol-induced Myocardial Infarction in Laboratory Animals.","authors":"Anamika Rathore, Deepti M Sati, Yogesh Murti, Akash Ved, Sachdev Yadav, Arpita Singh, Vibha Kumari, Karuna Shanker Shukla, Anuj Kumar Sharma, Mayank Kulshreshtha","doi":"10.2174/0118715257407442251211221050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257407442251211221050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and death globally, driven by ischemic heart disease and oxidative stress. Quisqualis indica (Q. indica), a plant traditionally used in Chinese medicine, is recognized for its therapeutic potential due to its rich phytochemical profile, which includes flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study is to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of Quisqualis indica using established experimental models. The study aims to assess its effect on key biochemical, histopathological, and functional cardiac parameters. The phytochemical constituents responsible for these effects will be explored, with emphasis on quercetin and related flavonoids. Ultimately, the study intends to establish Q. indica as a potential natural therapeutic agent for cardiovascular disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigates the cardioprotective efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Q. indica (EQI) in an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI rat model. Experimental groups were pretreated with EQI, and the extract's effects on various biochemical markers were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Results indicated that EQI significantly reduced oxidative indicators by lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and restoring antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase. Histopathological analysis showed reduced myocardial necrosis, edema, and fibrosis in EQI-treated groups compared to the ISO control group, confirming the cardioprotective potential of Q. indica.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that Q. indica may serve as a natural therapeutic agent against MI through its antioxidative properties, potentially paving the way for the development of novel, plant-based cardioprotective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Diabetes and Obesity: From Mechanistic Insights to Clinical Translation.","authors":"Pranusha B, Lahari J, Meghana G, Manjulatha V, Adam Taher, Manoj Kumar A, Bhavana Yadav G, Bhargav E","doi":"10.2174/0118715257474588260810070022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257474588260810070022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to explore novel clinical microbiome therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), diabetes, and obesity. Specifically, this work seeks to elucidate the efficacy, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of microbiome-based interventions for various chronic diseases by identifying recent findings from microbiome research, clinical trials, and meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature data for the present study were collected through a structured narrative review using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. We searched for evidence published between 2013 and 2024, with a particular focus on randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of microbiome approaches for IBD, diabetes, and obesity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gut microbiome therapies with promising effects in IBD, diabetes, and obesity include probiotics, prebiotics, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), engineered bacterial therapies, and dietary interventions. These interventions have been shown to reduce inflammation, enhance insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss, and promote metabolic health. These effects are mediated by modulation of the immune response, metabolic control via microbial metabolites, and restoration of microbial balance and homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Microbiome-based therapies show promise in modulating inflammation and metabolism in chronic diseases; however, variable efficacy, limited large-scale clinical evidence, and mechanistic heterogeneity necessitate cautious interpretation and further validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microbiome therapies, being effective and safe, pose a risk of completely overturning current treatment paradigms. Future applications need to focus on combination therapies, personalized medicine, and technological advances to realize the potential of microbiome-based interventions to promote good patient health and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Cardiovascular Health: Therapeutic Potential of Nutrition and Herbal Remedies.","authors":"Sonia Singh, Ashima Ahuja","doi":"10.2174/0118715257437732260710060610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257437732260710060610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent and have created an alarming situation worldwide. Nutraceuticals are a class of nutrients that include common foods and fruits for managing various diseases. This paper adopts a narrative review approach, focusing on recent advances in nutraceutical-based interventions and nanotechnology applications for cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extensive literature research on bioactive nutraceuticals was conducted using databases, such as WOS, PubChem, and Scopus, suggesting their potential for target validation and disease identification. Different keywords were used for searching database: Cardiovascular diseases, Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Nanoformulations, Targeted drug delivery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nutraceuticals play a significant role in reducing cardiovascular risk through antioxidant and free-radical scavenging mechanisms. Regular adherence to medicinal foods, such as nutraceuticals, improves health and significantly reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Several free radicals are generated during physiological and pathological reactions in the body, which are responsible for the degradation of organs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Nutraceuticals scavenge reactive oxygen species via antioxidant mechanisms. Various novel nanotechnology approaches have been employed to enhance the therapeutic potential of nutraceuticals. Furthermore, nanotechnology has opened new doors for improving the bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery of nutraceutical compounds. Nanoformulations, such as liposomes, niosomes, and nanoparticles, are employed to address issues of bioavailability, penetration, solubility, and therapeutic efficacy. It offers researchers cost-effective treatment approaches to improve cardiovascular outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Novel approaches in the field of nutraceuticals possess significant activity in the management of cardiovascular diseases by enhancing stability, bioavailability, solubility, and therapeutic efficacy. Future research should focus on well-designed clinical studies and standardized nanoformulation protocols to facilitate clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Seed Protein Hydrolysates from Muskmelon, Watermelon and Sunflower.","authors":"Bassil Aljallah, Parimala Karthik, Bindhu Omana Sukumaran","doi":"10.2174/0118715257459303260414165015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257459303260414165015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antihypertensive treatments, including diuretics and beta/calcium channel blockers, are associated with a range of adverse effects. Naturally sourced ACE inhibitors may serve as viable alternatives to synthetic medications. Various peptides derived from plants have been assessed for their ACE inhibitory properties through both in vivo and in vitro studies. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ACE inhibitory activity of seed-protein (muskmelon, watermelon, and sunflower) hydrolysates generated using different proteases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ACE was extracted from sheep lung tissue, while protein from the mentioned seeds was isolated and hydrolysed using pepsin, trypsin, and crude enzyme from the stem of Wrightia tinctoria. Tricine-SDS PAGE (16%) was conducted to observe the nature of hydrolysis. The method by Cushman and Cheung was used to examine ACE inhibition. The results were compared across different sources and enzymatic treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Muskmelon hydrolysate treated with W. tinctoria enzyme exhibited the highest ACE inhibition at 85.17% ± 0.39 after 3 h of incubation (p <0.001), resembling the inhibitory effects observed in the positive control, Lisinopril, at 86.55% ± 1.15.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The enhanced ACE inhibitory activity observed in muskmelon seed hydrolysate suggests the generation of potent bioactive peptides through enzymatic hydrolysis. Differences in inhibitory potential among seed-derived hydrolysates may be attributed to variations in protein composition and peptide profiles resulting from the use of different proteases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Muskmelon seed protein hydrolysate generated using W. tinctoria demonstrated strong in vitro ACE inhibitory activity, which was comparable to that of Lisinopril, a standard drug for ACE inhibition. These findings highlight its potential as a natural source of bioactive peptides for the management of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Decasulfated Galloylglucopyranose Heparin Mimetic.","authors":"Rami A Al-Horani","doi":"10.2174/0118715257459408260428075542","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257459408260428075542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thrombosis remains a major global health burden, necessitating safer and more effective antithrombotic strategies. Current therapies, including vitamin K antagonists, heparin derivatives, and direct oral anticoagulants, are limited by bleeding risks despite the availability of reversal agents. Factor XIa (FXIa), a serine protease in the intrinsic coagulation pathway, has emerged as a promising target due to its central role in thrombosis while having minimal impact on hemostasis. Previous studies identified Sulfated Pentagalloyl Glucopyranose (SPGG) as a potent, selective, but heterogeneous allosteric inhibitor of FXIa. The study aimed to design and synthesize a chemically homogeneous derivative of SPGG (inhibitor 2) and to evaluate its potency, selectivity, and effect on human plasma coagulation, to identify a potentially safer FXIa-targeted anticoagulant candidate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address the heterogeneity of SPGG, inhibitor 2, a per-sulfated, chemically homogeneous derivative, was designed and synthesized through a three-step synthetic route. The inhibitory activity of inhibitor 2 against FXIa was evaluated, along with its selectivity against thrombin and FXa. Furthermore, its effect on human plasma coagulation was assessed by measuring the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inhibitor 2 demonstrated potent inhibition of FXIa with an IC₂⁽ of 1.42 ± 0.10 μM and showed marked selectivity over thrombin and FXa. Treatment with inhibitor 2 significantly prolonged the APTT of human plasma, indicating effective modulation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Inhibitor 2 overcomes the chemical heterogeneity of SPGG while retaining strong selectivity for FXIa over thrombin and FXa. It effectively prolongs APTT with minimal effect on PT, indicating selective targeting of the intrinsic pathway. These results demonstrate that chemical homogeneity can be achieved without compromising functional selectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inhibitor 2 represents a chemically homogeneous, selective, and potent FXIa inhibitor. These findings support its potential as a lead candidate for the development of FXIatargeted anticoagulants with a potentially reduced bleeding risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions Among Drugs, Food, Beverages, Alcohol, Herbs, Phytochemicals, Nutraceuticals, and Micronutrients: A Current and Updated Review.","authors":"Zahra Tolou-Ghamari","doi":"10.2174/0118715257394272251111130754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257394272251111130754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alterations in the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug could be the result of interaction with nutritional elements or due to the nutritional status of patients. This review summarizes the findings of previous studies on the interaction between the most prescribed drugs and food variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From the commencement of databases related to the topic of interest to January 2024, all relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Milk, grapefruit juice, or alcohol could lead to specific food-drug interactions. Patients who require surgery should refrain from using ginseng for at least a week prior to the operation. The interaction of drugs, such as carbamazepine with capsaicin, saquinavir with garlic, and warfarin with ginkgo biloba, needs vigilant attention. Among epileptic patients, in those taking phenobarbital and phenytoin, due to an increase in the metabolism of vitamin D, supplementation of vital minerals might be optional. The curcumin's effect in patients with doxorubicin, due to the modulation of cellular pathways (P-glycoproteins, other ABC transporters), could be complex.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Interactions between drug and food variables could cause an alteration in drug efficiency or toxicity due to changes in drug transporters. Attention to the induction or inhibition of cytochrome P450 by food content could help mitigate the risk of unwanted side effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The population of elderly, patients on drugs with patients on drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, pregnant women, and children needs more attention. To better assess the benefit-risk relationship, a full and comprehensive dietary recall, including simultaneous intake of drugs and food, is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Relapsed Multiple Myeloma with Elranatamab: A Bispecific Antibody Approach.","authors":"Shivam Kumar, Arvind Kumar Patel, Dharmendra Kumar, Vikash Kumar, Shankul Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0118715257410908251210084136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257410908251210084136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elranatamab, an IgG2 bispecific antibody targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and CD3 on T cells, is a promising therapeutic option for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), a hematologic malignancy with limited therapeutic options to date. Elranatamab represents a therapeutic breakthrough in the management of patients with RRMM. Bispecific antibodies targeting cytotoxic immune effector cells (including T cells) and malignant plasma cells have demonstrated a high response rate, especially in patients with penta-refractory disease. Elranatamab activates T cells, which mount a targeted and deadly attack on myeloma cells, leading to a more targeted treatment of the disease. Clinical trials showed encouraging efficacy in heavily pretreated patients, with impressive responses and an acceptable safety profile, including manageable cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and other immune-related adverse effects. Despite these recent advances that have accelerated progress, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease, and patients often relapse with resistance to available treatments. With the evolving treatment landscape for multiple myeloma, informed by recent clinical trial data and new combination regimens, these drugs may play a crucial role in overcoming drug resistance and improving long-term patient survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of Aspirin and Aqueous Leaf Extract of Terminalia Catappa Reduces Leukocytosis with Risk of Developing Thrombocytosis in Diabetic Wistar Rats.","authors":"Ezekiel Etim Ben, Justin Atiang Beshel, Asuquo Etim Asuquo, Idara Asuquo Okon, Daniel Udofia Owu","doi":"10.2174/0118715257457865260428052651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257457865260428052651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Leucocytosis, inflammation, and thrombocytosis are major risk factors for diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the effects of administering aspirin, meloxicam, or Terminalia catappa leaf extract on leucocyte count and platelet indices in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of six rats each. The control group received 5 ml/kg of distilled water orally, while the DM was induced with 150 mg/Kg alloxan. The DM+ Terminalia Catappa (TC) group was administered 130 mg/kg, while the DM+Aspirin and DM+Meloxicam groups were administered aspirin (30 mg/kg) and meloxicam (2 mg/kg) orally, respectively. DM+TC+Aspirin and DM+TC+Meloxicam groups received Terminalia catappa in addition to aspirin and meloxicam, respectively, for 14 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total WBC, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 increased significantly (p <0.05), while lymphocytes, monocytes, platelet counts, and platelet indices decreased significantly (p <0.05) in the diabetic group. The raised parameters were significantly (p <0.05) reduced by aspirin, meloxicam, and Terminalia catappa extract compared with the diabetic control group. They were also significantly (p <0.05) reduced in DM-treated with extract and aspirin. Platelet counts and MPV were raised (p < 0.05) in the T. catappa, aspirin, and meloxicam + extract groups compared to the control and diabetic groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>T. catappa extract and aspirin ameliorated inflammation due to their active phytochemicals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extract of Terminalia catappa, in combination with aspirin, reduced WBC count but increased platelet indices. This indicates the potential of the extract to reduce inflammation in diabetes mellitus, but with the risk of thrombocytosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}