Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Strategies for Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Diabetes: Current and Emerging Approaches.","authors":"Vikrant Verma","doi":"10.2174/0118715257414596251206101856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257414596251206101856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endothelium forms the inner vital lining of blood vessels and controls vascular tone, hemostasis, and inflammation, maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by abnormal vasodilation, increased oxidative stress, and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, is a key pathophysiological mechanism underlying many cardiovascular diseases. The review examines current approaches for addressing endothelial dysfunction in various disease states, with a special emphasis on cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus. We performed a thorough review of the literature on studies that investigated interventions for endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus. Mechanisms of action, clinical effectiveness, and novel strategies were the primary focus of data extraction. Well-established therapies such as statins, ACE inhibitors, and antihypertensive drugs show robust benefits in enhancing endothelial function through antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory actions. Novel therapies targeting molecular pathways such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, YAP/TAZ signaling, and microRNA modulation have shown promising results in preclinical and early-stage clinical trials. Emerging drugs such as resveratrol, astragaloside IV, and SGLT-2 inhibitors also demonstrate favorable effects on endothelial function via various mechanisms. Non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions, including exercise and caloric restriction, provide complementary benefits, especially when used alongside pharmacotherapy. Endothelial dysfunction is a critical modifiable target in many disease states. Although traditional cardiovascular medications remain the cornerstone of treatment, novel targeted therapies and combination strategies are promising approaches to enhance endothelial function and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Personalized treatments based on individual patients' specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their endothelial dysfunction should be the research focus in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Atorvastatin with Dietary Agents to Manage Dyslipidaemia and Drug-induced Adverse Events: A First Reflective Narrative Review of Current Findings and Potential Directions.","authors":"Harshal S Mehta, Pankaj Prabhakar, Michael L J Pais, Floris A Francis, Naveen Kaushal, Princy L Palatty, Manjeshwar S Baliga","doi":"10.2174/0118715257437339260225060708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257437339260225060708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperlipidemia-a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood-is a growing global public health concern. It encompasses hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia, and altered high-density lipoprotein levels, and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, and metabolic syndrome. Atorvastatin, an FDA-approved HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, is widely used to manage dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Despite its effectiveness, atorvastatin is occasionally associated with adverse effects, including hepatic dysfunction, muscle-related symptoms, cognitive impairment, and insulin resistance. This has encouraged interest in adjunctive therapies using natural dietary components that may enhance lipid-lowering efficacy and mitigate side effects. This narrative review explores the emerging evidence on plant-based dietary supplements-such as green tea polyphenols, grape seed extract, Fructus schisandrae, isabgol, Phoenix dactylifera, plant sterols, polyphenol extracts, Salvia officinalis, Zingiber officinale (ginger), and legumes like horse gram and groundnut-and their synergistic potential when co-administered with atorvastatin. These natural agents exhibit a range of beneficial properties, including hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Studies demonstrate that combining atorvastatin with these dietary agents can enhance lipid profile improvement, reduce oxidative stress, and alleviate drug-induced organ toxicity. Notably, legumes such as horse gram and groundnut show promise in modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers. Clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized doses, treatment durations, and safety profiles for wider human benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Diuresis and Glycemic Control: Comparative Analysis of Sodiumglucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) vs. Furosemide and Metformin in Heart Failure (HF) Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Using the TriNetX Database.","authors":"Mohd Daise, Qusai Alqudah, Aseed Mestarihi, Omar Obeidat, Nizar Alnabahneh, Hashim Al-Ani","doi":"10.2174/0118715257413814251201065911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257413814251201065911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is prevalent and debilitating, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study compared outcomes associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus the combination of furosemide and metformin in patients with HF and T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used TriNetX, a global federated network of de-identified electronic health records from 98 healthcare organizations. Adults (≥18 years) with HF and T2DM were assigned to cohorts based on medication exposure. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance baseline characteristics. Outcomes were assessed using Cox models and Kaplan-Meier curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 208,761 eligible patients (SGLT2i = 4,847; furosemide and metformin = 203,914), 4,824 patients per group remained after matching. In the matched cohorts, SGLT2i use was associated with lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.077 for furosemide and metformin vs. SGLT2i; p < 0.001) and reduced hospitalization risk (e.g., HR/RR estimates summarized in Tables 2 and 4; see figure caption for Cox HRs). At the end of the observed follow- up (median follow-up detailed in Table 3), Kaplan-Meier survival probability remained higher in the SGLT2i group (82.84%) compared with the furosemide and metformin group (21.33%). Given the magnitude of this absolute difference relative to randomized trials, residual confounding is likely despite matching.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this real-world analysis, SGLT2i use was associated with lower mortality and fewer hospitalizations compared with furosemide and metformin in patients with HF and T2DM. These findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal effects due to the observational design and potential residual confounding. The results are hypothesis-generating and directionally consistent with prior randomized evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Dabigatran, Enoxaparin, and Rivaroxaban for Prophylaxis of Cancer-associated Venous Thromboembolism: A Single-center Randomized Trial.","authors":"Pouya Yousefli, Farahnaz Ghahremanfard, Masoumeh Masoudian, Kobra Baharmpour, Mohsen Darabian, Bahador Bagheri","doi":"10.2174/0118715257406953251203092804","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257406953251203092804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this study was to compare the prophylactic efficacy of enoxaparin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban in ambulatory patients with cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized trial, patients were assigned to three groups: Group 1 received subcutaneous enoxaparin 40 mg daily (n = 35), Group 2 received oral dabigatran 150 mg daily (n = 11), and Group 3 received oral rivaroxaban 10 mg daily (n = 11) for a duration of three months. The primary outcomes were the incidence of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of VTE was 2 (3.5%) in patients receiving enoxaparin and 1 (1.7%) in those receiving dabigatran (P > 0.05). No thromboembolic events were reported in patients administered rivaroxaban. One patient (1.7%) in the enoxaparin group experienced a major bleeding episode (P > 0.05), while no major bleeding events were observed in patients receiving dabigatran or rivaroxaban.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Enoxaparin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban are widely used for the prevention of VTE in patients with cancer. Although some previous studies have reported differences in bleeding and VTE risk, the present study did not demonstrate significant differences among enoxaparin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban in VTE prevention. Notably, the risk of VTE is substantially influenced by the type of cancer, the modalities of anticancer treatment, and the patient's clinical status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The efficacy and safety of enoxaparin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban for the prevention of VTE in patients with cancer appear to be comparable.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramides and Oxidized Lipids: Convergent Mediators of Cardiometabolic Pathogenesis.","authors":"Mahdi Garelnabi","doi":"10.2174/0118715257427794251023094204","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257427794251023094204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaemia: A Scientific Overview on Types and Recent Advancements in the Detection of Anaemia.","authors":"Sreevani Mitta, Eediga Thirumalesh, Guttapalli Siva Nandu, Manganna Gari Sushmitha, Adam Taher Adam Mohammed, Naga Shubha Bojjaranga, Bandlapalli Charitha","doi":"10.2174/0118715257417253260129223400","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257417253260129223400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaemia is the term for low red blood cell numbers or a deficiency of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. This results in a reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood to various tissues in the body, & lead to symptoms like weakness and exhaustion. There are various forms of anaemia, and they all have unique reasons. The main purpose of the review is to outline the types of anaemia and highlight the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools in detection. There is high accuracy in identifying anaemia by using AI and ML tools that include analyzing the laboratory parameters and medical imaging. There are various Machine learning tools to identify anaemia in the past and treat anaemia by using AI tools. Promising approaches for effective anemia identification and treatment are offered by AI-assisted methods. By incorporating these advancements into clinical practice, the burden of undetected or improperly managed anemia could be lessened, and patient outcomes could be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"20-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events Linked to Abuse and Misuse of Sympathomimetic Nasal Decongestants: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence.","authors":"Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Sulthan Al Rashid","doi":"10.2174/0118715257418908251126101911","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257418908251126101911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sympathomimetic nasal decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, and xylometazoline are commonly used to relieve nasal blockage caused by allergic rhinitis, infections, or sinus inflammation. They work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, which promote vasoconstriction. However, overuse or inappropriate use of these medications has been linked to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular side effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this review is to compile the available clinical evidence on the misuse and overuse of sympathomimetic nasal decongestants and their association with detrimental cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. It examines potential mechanisms, identifies risk factors, highlights diagnostic concerns, and outlines preventive measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough literature search was conducted using databases such as Medline, Pub- Med, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The selection included case reports, observational studies, pharmacovigilance data, and clinical investigations published in English that evaluated the negative cardiovascular or cerebrovascular effects of sympathomimetic decongestants. Duplicate records were removed.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Although rare, significant events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertensive crises, and vasospasm have been documented with both oral and intranasal sympathomimetics, particularly when used excessively or in combination with other medications. Strong vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, and elevated sympathetic activity are the primary mechanisms underlying these adverse effects. Nonspecific symptoms and underreporting of OTC drug use can delay diagnosis. Numerous reports suggest potentially serious or fatal outcomes, and most clinical evidence comes from case reports rather than high-level studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sympathomimetic nasal decongestants are generally safe when used as directed. However, excessive or inappropriate use may lead to potentially fatal cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. Healthcare professionals should thoroughly review patients' medication histories and provide clear instructions on proper use. Educating patients on the correct administration of sympathomimetic nasal decongestants and encouraging safer alternatives such as intranasal corticosteroids or saline sprays, when appropriate, is essential. Preventive measures, regulatory oversight, and interprofessional collaboration are crucial to ensuring safe use and reducing adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antioxidant and Anti-lipidemic Potential of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor (Ramipril) in L-NAME Hypertensive Rats.","authors":"Esther Oluwasola Aluko, Ezekiel Etim Ben, Grace Edet Bassey","doi":"10.2174/0118715257375839250811064453","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257375839250811064453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension is associated with oxidative disturbances and often coexists with metabolic disorders like hyperlipidemia. Some antihypertensive drugs, particularly angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, offer benefits beyond lowering blood pressure by addressing related conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ACE inhibitors on oxidative stress and dyslipidemia induced by L-NAME hypertension in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen male Wistar rats (150-170 g) were divided into three groups. Group 1 received 10 mL/kg distilled water (control), while Groups 2 and 3 were orally administered 60 mg/kg of L-NAME (L-NAME60) for eight weeks to induce hypertension. After this period, Group 2 continued to receive L-NAME60 plus distilled water (HYP), and Group 3 received L-NAME60 plus ramipril (10 mg/kg) (RMHYP) for an additional five weeks. Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method. Serum oxidative stress markers and lipid profiles were analyzed by spectrophotometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The blood pressure significantly decreased in RM^HYP compared to HYP. Malondialdehyde concentration significantly decreased, and antioxidant enzyme levels significantly increased in RM^HYP compared to HYP. Serum lipid profiles showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as atherogenic indices, but a significant increase in highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels in RM^HYP compared to HYP.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This research shows that ramipril not only lowers blood pressure but also significantly reduces oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in L-NAME hypertensive rats, indicating its potential as an effective treatment for metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study demonstrate that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ramipril) have the ability to act as both an antioxidant and an anti-dyslipidemic agent in hypertensive conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Compounds in Targeting the α1-adrenoceptor for Antihypertensive Therapy.","authors":"Sunil Sahu, Pankaj Minj, Dhansay Dewangan, Swarnlata Saraf, Rakesh Tirkey","doi":"10.2174/0118715257395367250920224239","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257395367250920224239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, increases the risk of strokes and myocardial infarctions by inducing elevated blood pressure. Its prevalence has risen, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. The incidence of hypertension in adults is higher in low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income nations. One significant class of antihypertensive drugs is α1-adrenoceptor antagonists, which inhibit α1-adrenergic receptors and promote vasodilation. Terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, and alfuzosin are examples of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists that have antihypertensive properties; however, they are linked to considerable side effects, including headaches, dizziness, reproductive problems, and postural hypotension. In the last several years, a number of novel α1-adrenergic antagonists have been synthesised by modifications of various pharmacophores such as Isochroman-4-one, Quinazolines, Piperazine, and Quinazoline-triazole, etc. The present review highlights recently synthesized α1-adrenoceptor antagonists for the management of hypertension, and emphasizes their structure-activity relationship and subtype selectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"5-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chemistry of Gliflozins: Recent Advancements in SGLT-2 Inhibitors.","authors":"Samman, Kuldeep Singh, Syed Misbahul Hasan, Arun Kumar, Shom Prakash Kushwaha, Pushpendra Soni, Suvaiv, Mo Shahanawaz","doi":"10.2174/0118715257423396260126091907","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715257423396260126091907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately 422 million individuals worldwide have been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a severe metabolic disorder, within the last 30 years. The chemical pharmacology of bexagliflozin, the most recent SGLT-2i, has been investigated as a possible treatment for diabetes associated with type 2 (T2DM). Gliflozin Dapagliflozin (DAPA), canagliflozin, and bexgliflozin act by blocking the SGLT-2 protein present in both kidneys and induce the excretion of glucose in the form of urine by decreasing its reabsorption. This potentially effective treatment approach for T2DM has additional benefits, such as weight loss and cardiovascular protection. Similar to canagliflozin or dapagliflozin, explicitly, bexagliflozin is very specific and powerful for SGLT-2 inhibition. In 2023, the FDA granted approval for this medication. The levels of glucose in the blood are significantly lowered as a result of blocking the kidney's proximal tubule from reabsorbing glucose. This study draws attention to the structural advantages of bexagliflozin. Notably, the aryl C-glycoside bond with D-glucopyranose makes this drug exhibit increased metabolic stability and distinguish itself from other gliflozins. It elaborates on advantageous A.D.M.E properties, further efficiency in lowering HbA1c levels, contributing towards weight loss, and improvement of cardiovascular and renal outcomes, mainly among patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and comorbid CKD or cardiovascular risks. It also reviews key clinical trials by focusing on its safety with manageable side effects such as urinary tract infections. Overall, a comprehensive analysis has underlined the potential of bexagliflozin as a preferred treatment in diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93924,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"45-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}