From Flavor to Medicine: A Review Unveiling Phytochemistry and Potential Applications of Coriandrum sativum.

Abstract

Introduction: Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), widely known as coriander, is a herb of global significance, valued for its flavor and therapeutic properties. Originating from the Mediterranean, it has acclimatized to various continents, including Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Method: This review article was compiled from the data obtained from Google Scholar, Pub- Med/Medline, ScienceDirect, Hinari, and EBSCO.

Results: The herb thrives in areas with favorable agricultural climates, such as India, China, and parts of Europe. The plant's phytochemical spectrum is notably rich, featuring essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. The seed oil is predominantly composed of linalool, complemented by γ-terpinene, decanal, and geranyl acetate. Both leaves and seeds are rich in nutrients, including tocopherols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, sugars, ascorbic acid, phenolics, and anthocyanins. C. sativum has shown beneficial effects in easing anxiety, depression, and convulsions, protecting neural health, combating bacteria and fungi, repelling insects, and supporting cardiovascular and diabetic health.

Discussion: These benefits are mainly due to the combined action of its phytochemicals. The toxicity study of this plant revealed that it is safe when administered in single or multiple doses. The essential oils of the herb have also been explored for their repellent and fumigant capabilities. Various clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate its different pharmacological safety profiles and assess its therapeutic potential.

Conclusion: This review aimed to discuss the botanical features, chemical constituents, pharmacological properties, toxicity studies, and clinical trials. Further study is needed related to embryonic and other toxicities.