{"title":"The impact of physiological load and support conditions on axial implant system testing of locking plates for femoral shaft fractures - a biomechanical analysis.","authors":"Christian Halbauer, Andreas Paech, Felix Capanni","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2025-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the impact of physiological loading and boundary conditions on the biomechanical performance of a plating system for femoral shaft osteosynthesis via axial implant system testing (IST). Specifically, the effects of rotational load boundary conditions and realistic gait-based load patterns were evaluated to understand their influence on the biomechanical response and failure modes of the implant system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two test configurations - Fix-Free, featuring a rotational joint, and Fix-Fix, with fixed support at both ends - were subjected to static and cyclic loading. Cyclic testing incorporated sinusoidal and gait-based load patterns, reflecting the physiological axial joint load during walking. In total, 30 test samples (n=30), employed by a bone surrogate and the plate-screw system in bridge-plating state, were tested via axial IST.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Fix-Free configuration exhibited significantly lower axial stiffness and load capacity reductions of 60.8 % compared to Fix-Fix in static testing. Under cyclic gait-based loading, both setups experienced progressive screw-plate interface failures, with earlier degradation observed in Fix-Free.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate a strong impact of physiological load patterns and boundary conditions. The results support the need for standards and guidelines for biomechanical testing of osteosynthetic plating systems via IST with universal physiological boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Ji, Leiye Yi, Haiwei Li, Wenjie Han, Ningning Zhang
{"title":"Detection and analysis of fatigue flight features using the fusion of pilot motion behavior and EEG information.","authors":"Li Ji, Leiye Yi, Haiwei Li, Wenjie Han, Ningning Zhang","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2025-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pilots are susceptible to fatigue during flight operations, posing significant risks to flight safety. However, single-feature-based detection methods often lack accuracy and robustness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study proposes a fatigue classification approach that integrates EEG features and motion behavior features to enhance fatigue recognition and improve aviation safety. The method extracts energy ratios of EEG frequency bands (<i>α</i>, <i>β</i>, <i>θ</i>, <i>δ</i>), incorporates forearm sample entropy and Euler angle standard deviation, and applies Pearson correlation analysis to select key features. Finally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is employed to achieve precise fatigue classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental findings indicate that the proposed method achieves a test accuracy of 93.67 %, outperforming existing fatigue detection techniques while operating with a reduced computational cost.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study addresses a gap in current research by integrating physiological and behavioral data for fatigue classification, demonstrating that the fusion of multi-source information significantly enhances detection accuracy and stability compared to single-feature methods. The findings contribute to improved pilot performance and enhanced flight safety by increasing the reliability of fatigue monitoring systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel low-cost approach to build large-scale flexible sensors for spatially distributed ground reaction force measurements.","authors":"Louis F Straub, Peter P Pott","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2024-0453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to develop and characterize a novel low-cost, flexible sensor system for ground reaction force (GRF) measurements for biomedical applications. The system aims to provide GRF measurements across customizable areas up to 2 m<sup>2</sup>, suitable for integration into various medical and rehabilitation devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sensor system was constructed using multiple discrete resistive sensor modules. Each module had a quadratic shape and an edge length of 7.5 cm. The system utilized ESD packing-foam as resistive sensing material and conductive textile as electrodes. Measurements were conducted using an Arduino Nano microcontroller, a Wheatstone bridge circuit and analogue multiplexers. A demonstrator, integrating the sensor modules in a sports mat was built to show the functionality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed system was capable of measuring forces up to 330 N. The sensor modules have an exponential force-resistance characteristic curve and showed inter-module and inter-day variability in the range of commercially available sensor systems' accuracy. The demonstrator enabled to visualize changes in weight distribution on its surface.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed sensor system offers a reliable, flexible, and low-cost solution for GRF analysis in biomedical applications, providing data e.g. for rehabilitation feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luisa Berger, Peter Brößner, Sonja Ehreiser, Kunihiko Tokunaga, Masashi Okamoto, Klaus Radermacher
{"title":"Validation and comparison of three different methods for automated identification of distal femoral landmarks in 3D.","authors":"Luisa Berger, Peter Brößner, Sonja Ehreiser, Kunihiko Tokunaga, Masashi Okamoto, Klaus Radermacher","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2025-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Identification of bony landmarks in medical images is of high importance for 3D planning in orthopaedic surgery. Automated landmark identification has the potential to optimize clinical routines and allows for the scientific analysis of large databases. To the authors' knowledge, no direct comparison of different methods for automated landmark detection on the same dataset has been published to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared 3 methods for automated femoral landmark identification: an artificial neural network, a statistical shape model and a geometric approach. All methods were compared against manual measurements of two raters on the task of identifying 6 femoral landmarks on CT data or derived surface models of 202 femora.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accuracy of the methods was in the range of the manual measurements and comparable to those reported in previous studies. The geometric approach showed a significantly higher average deviation compared to the manually selected reference landmarks, while there was no statistically significant difference for the neural network and the SSM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All fully automated methods show potential for use, depending on the use case. Characteristics of the different methods, such as the input data required (raw CT/segmented bone surface models, amount of training data required) and/or the methods robustness, can be used for method selection in the individual application.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chamber design and intensity-modulated ultraviolet-C LEDs for advanced pulsed photonic disinfection.","authors":"Tan Tian Swee, Jahanzeb Sheikh, Syafiqah Saidin, Jose-Javier Serrano Olmedo, Sidra Abid Agha, Maheza Irna Binti Salim","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2025-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Contaminated apparatus and surgical tools pose serious health risks. For such purpose, disinfection chambers are employed. However, these systems rely on mercury-based UV lamps which comes with various drawbacks. These limitations have driven interest in Ultraviolet-C Light Emitting Diode (UV-C LED) technology as a safer and more efficient alternative. However, existing studies have not thoroughly explored the impact of varying intensities of pulse width modulation (PWM) on disinfection efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To addess this, the present study designed and tested a LED-based disinfection chamber by employing 4-W 275 nm Surface Mount Device (SMD) LEDs against frequently isolated bacteria. By following prior approach, irradiation time was alternated at 30-s intervals and antibacterial efficacy was assessed through various parameters. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to examine the morphological changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that the reduction was significantly influenced (p<0.05) with varying PWM levels (60-100 %), achieving 2.05-log<sub>10</sub> and 1.54-log<sub>10</sub> inactivation against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus,</i> respectively, upon exposure to 51.24 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> under maximum exposure settings. Moreover, complete cellular damage leading to bleb protrusion and cell-leakage confirmed the disruption of bacterial DNA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, UV-LEDs show great potential for disinfection, with efficiency influenced by PWM and dosage.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic loading leakage test of dental abutment/implant connections based upon a novel implant system with an abutment switch feature: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Timea Mezey, Christoph Bourauel, Ludger Keilig","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2025-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of the implant-abutment interface in a specific implant system in comparison to other implant systems under conditions of increasing dynamic loading.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three different implants and four abutment types were tested: one implant with a conical abutment connection, one implant with a flat abutment connection, and one implant with an abutment switch feature and two different abutment connections. The tests consisted of a phase of cyclic loading followed by a leakage test. The maximum loading force was increased, and the procedure was repeated, until either the implant-abutment connection failed, or a leakage was detected. Loading criteria were modified based on the ISO standard 14801:2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The conical implant abutment connections exhibited fracture prior to leakage at varying failure forces and loading cycles, whereas the platform abutment type showed leakage or fracture at a relatively low force. The two different abutment types used on the same implant system showed extremely different results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Literature shows similar high chewing forces mostly only for healthy subjects. For patients with dental implants, leakage is still preferable to fracture. In conclusion, the test showed that some implants with a conical abutment are more resistant to leakage and may be preferable if higher chewing forces are expected.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco M Vargas-Luna, Maria-Raquel Huerta-Franco, Isabel Delgadillo-Holtfort, Marco Balleza-Ordaz, Regina M Murillo-Torres
{"title":"Correlation of electrogastrography and bioelectric impedance techniques for the gastric motility assessment.","authors":"Francisco M Vargas-Luna, Maria-Raquel Huerta-Franco, Isabel Delgadillo-Holtfort, Marco Balleza-Ordaz, Regina M Murillo-Torres","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2024-0438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The electrical bioimpedance (EBI) technique has been used to measure gastric motility and emptying parameters. A well-known technique for this purpose is electrogastrography (EGG). No correlation between EGG signal and mechanical motility has been reported. In this study, a direct data comparison of these two techniques was performed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>23 volunteers underwent simultaneous gastric monitoring using EGG and EBI. Signal processing was performed to isolate the slow waves of 0.5-9 cpm. The parameters obtained from 70 % overlapped time slots of 3.5 min, included the dominant frequency and power of the normo-gastric region and the percentage of brady-, normo-, and tachy-gastric slow waves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EGG showed slightly higher values in dominant frequencies, whereas EBI displayed higher variability. High-frequency features were more significant in the EBI, with lower variability, and correlations were found in approximately half of the frequency spectra. Slow waves exhibited poor correlation, but were significant at 95 % of the timeslots.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comparing EBI and EGG, global parameters in the normogastric region had slight variances, which may not significantly impact clinical findings. The sensitivity of the EBI to higher frequencies is evident.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does research output and impact in medical informatics vary among EU member states? - A bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Giovani M Goron, Razvan M Chereches","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2025-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluates how research output and impact in medical informatics vary among EU member states before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing publication volume, impact metrics, collaboration patterns, and open-access trends. It seeks to identify regional disparities, highlight key research themes, and provide insights for researchers, the public, and policymakers to promote equitable access, collaboration, and investment in medical informatics across the EU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bibliometric analysis was performed using Clarivate Web of Science and InCites databases, encompassing 6,620 articles from 47 medical informatics journals published between 2018 and 2022. Metrics such as cumulative impact factors, article counts, and collaboration trends were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis identified substantial regional disparities in research output and impact. Western European countries, including Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain, consistently led in article volume and cumulative impact factors, while Eastern European countries showed lower engagement. Collaboration metrics revealed that 66 % of publications involved international partnerships, showcasing strong cross-border cooperation within the EU.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the uneven distribution of research productivity in medical informatics across the EU. The findings underline the importance of international partnerships and equitable access to research in advancing medical informatics and addressing evolving healthcare challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving the cleaning quality of tube lumen instruments by imaging analysis and deep learning techniques.","authors":"Changjun Chen, Yewen Feng, Lijun Lu, Linze Qian, Ling Wang, Quchao Zou, Yonghua Chu, Panpan Xu, Yuhang Pan","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2023-0527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2023-0527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The complex structure of tube lumen instruments (TLIs) makes them more difficult to clean compared to solid instruments. This study aims to improve the cleaning quality inspection of reusable TLIs, ensuring patient safety and clinical reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study improves the inspection of TLI cleaning quality using imaging analysis and deep learning techniques. Internally cleaned TLIs were imaged using an electronic endoscope by clinical staff, and the resulting images formed the original dataset. To enhance the quality of the TLI images and augment the dataset, image preprocessing techniques such as enhancement, slicing, and threshold filtering were applied. Based on the sliced image dataset, baseline models with relatively better performance were selected by comparing the performance of multiple deep learning models in TLI image classification. To further improve the model's performance, two attention mechanisms were introduced to focus on important features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized model outperforms the baseline model in both performance and stability. Specifically, the FA-ResNet18 model with the concurrent space and channel squeeze and excitation (scSE) attention mechanism performs the best, with accuracy, macro precision, macro recall and macro F2 metrics all exceeding 98.3 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This method can effectively reduce the risk of errors caused by subjective factors and visual fatigue in manual inspection.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongwei He, Meng Zhong, Panxianzhi Ni, Tun Yuan, Jie Liang, Yujiang Fan, Xingdong Zhang
{"title":"Meta-analysis of animal experiments on osteogenic effects of trace element doped calcium phosphate ceramic/PLGA composites.","authors":"Hongwei He, Meng Zhong, Panxianzhi Ni, Tun Yuan, Jie Liang, Yujiang Fan, Xingdong Zhang","doi":"10.1515/bmt-2024-0593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Investigate the impact of the components in element-doped calcium phosphate ceramic/PLGA composites on bone repair outcomes in animal experiments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Computer search of CNKI, Wanfang, Pub Med, Web of science, and EMbase databases to collect related randomized controlled animal experimental studies. Using the SYRCLE Animal Experimental Bias Risk Assessment form to evaluate research quality. The outcome measures were statistically analyzed using the Rev Man 5.4 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Included 11 randomized controlled animal studies. Meta-analysis showed that: (1) Element doping can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts <i>in vitro</i>. (2) Element doping can increase the activity of ALP in cells. (3) Element doping can increase bone volume fraction. (4) Element doping can increase trabecular number.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trace element doping has been found to enhance the osteogenic effect of the composite material. The type of calcium phosphate ceramics may be a significant source of heterogeneity that influences the effectiveness of bone repair <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":93905,"journal":{"name":"Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}