Biological research for nursing最新文献

{"title":"Remote Ischemic Conditioning and Cerebral Oxygen Saturation: The Cerebral Oxygenation-Conditioning Response (Co-CoRe) Framework.","authors":"Tracey Couse, Askiel Bruno, Terri Marin","doi":"10.1177/10998004261496520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10998004261496520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a promising noninvasive intervention that may enhance endogenous cerebroprotective mechanisms following ischemic stroke. Although clinical studies suggest potential benefits, the physiological mechanisms underlying RIC remain incompletely understood, particularly whether RIC-associated hemodynamic changes are accompanied by changes in cerebral tissue oxygenation. No conceptual framework currently integrates these relationships to guide future research. The purpose of this paper is to present the Cerebral Oxygenation-Conditioning Response (CO-CoRe) Framework, a mechanistic conceptual framework describing the hypothesized relationships among RIC, compensatory cerebral blood flow, cerebroprotection, and cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO₂) following ischemic stroke. The CO-CoRe Framework integrates evidence-supported relationships among RIC, compensatory cerebral blood flow, and cerebroprotection with a hypothesized relationship between RIC and CrSO₂, providing a mechanistic foundation for examining cerebral tissue oxygenation following ischemic stroke. By synthesizing current evidence on ischemic conditioning, cerebrovascular physiology, and cerebral tissue oxygenation, the CO-CoRe Framework generates testable hypotheses and provides a foundation for future research evaluating CrSO₂, measured using near-infrared spectroscopy, as a physiological response to RIC. Ultimately, the framework may advance understanding of RIC-associated cerebroprotection and inform physiologic monitoring strategies in ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"10998004261496520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"24-Hour Movement Behavior Reallocations and Glycemic Variability in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Isotemporal Substitution Analysis.","authors":"Pei Chen, Bingqian Zhu, Chang Park, Mia Cajita, Minsun Park, Lisa Sharp, Cynthia Fritschi, Ali Cinar, Laurie Quinn","doi":"10.1177/10998004261498949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10998004261498949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Glycemic variability (GV) is an important cardiometabolic risk marker in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We estimated the effects of reallocating time among sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on six GV outcomes in adults with T1D. <b>Methods:</b> This secondary analysis included 23 adults contributing 102 days with concurrent accelerometer-based activity monitoring and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Compositional rescaling was applied to ensure a 24-h in total. Isotemporal substitution models with linear mixed-effects regression were used to estimate associations of 30-min reallocations among behaviors (e.g., from sleep to LPA) with GV outcomes, including standard deviation of glucose (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), large amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), continuous overlapping net glycemic action with a 60-min lag (CONGA-60), and time in range (TIR), while adjusting for covariates. <b>Results:</b> Participants had a mean age of 32.6 years, BMI of 28.2 kg/m², and diabetes duration of 16.3 years. Reallocating 0.5 hours from sleep to sedentary time, LPA, or MVPA significantly reduced CV (estimate range: -14.4 to -15.2, all <i>p <</i> 0.05) and TIR (estimate range: -3.6 to -3.6, all <i>p <</i> 0.01). Replacing sedentary time with LPA significantly reduced LAGE (estimate = -3.4, <i>p =</i> 0.035). No significant associations were found for SD, MAGE, or CONGA-60. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings highlight that optimizing glycemic stability in adults with T1D requires a nuanced consideration of how reallocations between sleep, sedentary time, LPA, and MVPA differentially affect GV, TIR, and LAGE.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"10998004261498949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partnering With Generative Artificial Intelligence for Quantitative Data Analysis in Nursing Research: A Practical Workflow for Ethical Collaboration.","authors":"Gina M Gehling, Lacey W Heinsberg","doi":"10.1177/10998004261489817","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004261489817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproducibility and replicability are our scientific and ethical mandate, and the foundation of trust in nursing science and research. Both rest on transparent documentation of how data were actually analyzed. The rising use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in research intersects with this mandate, with the potential to either support or undermine it, yet practical guidance for conducting GenAI-assisted quantitative analysis remains limited. This gap is particularly relevant for nurse scientists, who increasingly work with complex, biologically-informed datasets spanning genomics, symptoms, and patient outcomes. To address this gap, we present a practice-based guide for partnering with GenAI in quantitative data analysis in nursing research, grounded in a nursing-focused genomic research example. We cover GenAI literacy spanning three dimensions (technical, practical, and ethical) and a two-phase workflow for human-GenAI collaboration spanning planning and pre-specification through code development, formal analysis, translation, and human review and disclosure of GenAI use. The core principle is using GenAI as a tool, not a decision-maker, as scientific integrity requires that humans retain interpretive authority. We further propose a synthetic-data-first approach as a privacy safeguard. We illustrate these concepts through a genetics example, though the principles and workflow generalize to many quantitative nursing research contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"10998004261489817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>APOE</i> Genotype-specific Cognitive Response to Aerobic Exercise in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer.","authors":"Emily K Mewborn, Conleigh Norton, Myeong-Ga Cho, Kirk I Erickson, Catherine M Bender, Yvette P Conley","doi":"10.1177/10998004261492732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10998004261492732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive symptoms are common in postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer (BC). In general and in BC, the Apolipoprotein E 4 allele (<i>APOE4)</i> is linked to lower cognition and accelerated cognitive decline, but exercise generally benefits cognition. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive function differs by <i>APOE4</i> carriage in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Longitudinal analysis of a 6-month randomized clinical trial of aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with BC (2016-2022) was done. Subsample with <i>APOE</i> genotype and cognitive function data (before randomization and at intervention completion) were analyzed. Variables included group assignment (Control/Exercise), <i>APOE4</i> carriage (No/Yes), and composite scores for 7 cognitive domains (Higher = better). Robust regression was used, adjusting for age, education, baseline cognitive score, and days on endocrine therapy, with group × <i>APOE4</i> carrier interaction term. In this sample (n = 116, x̅ = 62 years old, 21% <i>APOE4</i> carriage), <i>APOE4</i> carriage moderated the effect of aerobic exercise on learning and memory (b = -0.544, <i>p</i> = 0.023). Non-carriers' scores improved and <i>APOE4</i> carriers' scores declined. There were no other significant findings for attention, executive function, mental flexibility, processing speed, verbal memory, or working memory. In this hypothesis-generating study, aerobic exercise was associated with modest cognitive performance improvements in non-carriers, while <i>APOE4</i> carriers did not demonstrate similar improvements. These exploratory findings suggest that a differing response for effects of exercise on cognition in post-menopausal women with BC may exist and be partially explained by <i>APOE4</i> carriage.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"10998004261492732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Among DNA Methylation, Prognostic Proteins, and Symptoms in Patients Prescribed Oral Anticancer Medications for Multiple Myeloma.","authors":"Abigail Lustyik, Yvette P Conley, Catherine M Bender, Susan M Sereika, Zhirui Deng, Dianxu Ren, Corrine Bozich, Sarah M Belcher","doi":"10.1177/10998004261496459","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004261496459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At-home administration of oral anticancer medications (OAM) limits interactions with healthcare providers, therefore limiting opportunities for symptom management, posing threats to medication adherence. Individuals diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) experience symptoms from both disease- and treatment-related factors. Proteins Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) are routinely used in disease monitoring, yet their associations with symptoms and regulation via DNA methylation (DNAm) in individuals with MM have not been investigated. This study explored relationships among LDH and B2M proteins; DNAm of genes <i>B2M, LDHA, LDHB</i>; and symptoms in patients prescribed OAMs for MM. This was a 6-month, longitudinal, exploratory analysis. Symptoms were assessed using self-reported measures. Protein levels were extracted from medical records. DNAm of <i>B2M, LDHA,</i> and <i>LDHB</i> promoter regions were quantified via pyrosequencing of peripheral blood samples. Linear mixed modeling explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Significant cross-sectional associations were identified between fatigue, <i>LDHA</i> and <i>B2M</i> DNAm, and B2M protein (<i>p <</i> .02); pain and <i>LDHA</i> and <i>B2M</i> DNAm (<i>p <</i> .05); gastrointestinal disturbances and <i>LDHA</i> DNAm and LDH protein (<i>p <</i> .05); shortness of breath and <i>LDHA</i> DNAm (<i>p <</i> .04); and depression and LDH protein (<i>p <</i> .04). Longitudinal interaction effects were significant for <i>B2M</i> DNAm and fatigue (<i>p <</i> .05), <i>LDHA</i> and <i>B2M</i> DNAm and pain (<i>p <</i> .04), and LDH protein and depression (<i>p <</i> .04). Prognostic proteins B2M and LDH and their gene-level DNAm patterns were significantly associated with symptoms in individuals taking OAMs for MM. These preliminary findings support further exploration of multi-omics pathways underlying symptoms to inform symptom identification and management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"10998004261496459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Different Exercise Modalities on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Normal Weight and Low-Overweight Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hamid Arazi, Fatemeh Bagherpour, Grant M Tinsley","doi":"10.1177/10998004261460028","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004261460028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"thin outside, fat inside\" (TOFI) phenotype, also termed normal weight obesity (NWO), describes individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) but elevated visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Individuals at the lower boundary of the overweight range may also present with excess VAT despite near-normal BMI. Although exercise is widely recommended to improve body composition, its effects on VAT in these populations remain unclear. This review evaluated the effects of different exercise modalities on VAT in adults with BMI ≤27 kg/m². A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between January 1999 and July 2024. Eligibility was determined at the study level based on reported mean BMI (≤27 kg/m²). Studies including aerobic, resistance, combined, or interval training interventions with VAT assessed via computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were included. Between-group (controlled) and within-group (single-arm or pre-post) analyses were conducted separately using standardized mean differences (SMD). The protocol was registered on OSF (10.17605/OSF.IO/3DCXJ). Thirteen studies (<i>n</i> = 354 participants) were included. Between-group analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in VAT favoring exercise (SMD = -1.590; 95% CI: -2.283 to -0.898; <i>p <</i> 0.001), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 86.4%). Aerobic training showed the most consistent effects, while interval training was also associated with significant reductions based on a limited number of studies. Longer intervention duration (>5 months) was associated with greater effects. Within-group analyses showed a similar direction of effect but did not reach statistical significance. Sensitivity analyses indicated that results were directionally robust but partially influenced by high-impact studies. Exercise is associated with reductions in VAT in adults with normal BMI and those at the lower boundary of the overweight range. However, the certainty of evidence is low due to methodological limitations, heterogeneity, and potential bias. Greater emphasis should be placed on findings from controlled studies. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and clarify the roles of different exercise modalities and intervention characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"598-616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobehavioral and Interpersonal Predictors of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.","authors":"Min Jung Kim, Bohyun Kim","doi":"10.1177/10998004261444978","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004261444978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The type 2 diabetes-cognitive decline link is a potent independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. However, preventive strategies often neglect diabetes-specific risks, and reviews generally rely on cross-sectional data. This systematic review of observational cohort studies was conducted to synthesize longitudinal evidence on the multidimensional predictors of cognitive impairment in older adults with type 2 diabetes. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched. Included studies followed older adults with type 2 diabetes for at least six months and evaluated biological, behavioral, psychological, or interpersonal predictors of cognitive impairment. Data were narratively synthesized and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Biological predictors were the most extensively studied (n = 31). Nine studies addressed behavioral factors, two examined social and environmental predictors, and no studies investigated psychological factors. Higher HbA1c levels, glucose variability, severe hypoglycemia, vascular complications, and inflammatory/metabolic markers significantly predicted higher cognitive impairment risk. Poor diet, low physical activity, and sleep disorders were associated with cognitive decline. Social determinants of health and limited social contact were linked to higher dementia risk, although evidence remains sparse. This review highlights the critical need to prioritize modifiable predictors, especially diabetes-specific biological markers and health behaviors, to prevent or delay cognitive impairment in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Future research should focus on developing individualized, multidimensional preventive interventions that incorporate behavioral and contextual factors. Additionally, validated multifactorial risk prediction models are needed to identify high-risk populations and inform tailored care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"572-597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome and Psychoneurological Symptoms Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Their Caregivers: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Yufen Lin, Zahra A Barandouzi, Madelyn C Houser, Canhua Xiao, Olatunji B Alese, Sindile Mathebula, Jinbing Bai, Olumide Gbolahan, Deborah W Bruner","doi":"10.1177/10998004261447509","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004261447509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Survivorship in colorectal cancer (CRC) is often accompanied by co-occurring psychoneurological symptoms (PNS, e.g., fatigue, depression, pain), which negatively affect quality of life. Caregivers of individuals with CRC also experience PNS due to caregiving burdens, amplifying distress across the dyad. PNS may be influenced by the activity of the gut microbes. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine gut microbiome diversity and composition, and their association with PNS in CRC patients and their caregivers. <b>Methods:</b> Baseline data from a technology-based dyadic intervention were included in this analysis. Eleven patients and eight caregivers provided stool samples and completed PROMIS measures of PNS at baseline. Gut microbiome profiles were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity metrics and differential abundance analyses were used to characterize the gut microbiome and examine its associations with PNS. <b>Results:</b> Patients exhibited significantly lower microbial alpha diversity than caregivers in the full sample (<i>p</i> = 0.033). Dyadic comparisons identified 92 differentially abundant taxa, with patients showing depletion of short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa and enrichment of opportunistic taxa. Microbiome-symptom models revealed significant interactions by group (patient vs. caregiver) and taxa-level effects, with patients showing stronger positive associations between microbial alterations and higher PNS severity. <b>Conclusions:</b> CRC patients actively on chemotherapy demonstrated reduced diversity and depletion of beneficial taxa that may contribute to heightened PNS. Caregivers, despite healthier profiles, reported substantial symptom burden that were linked to gut microbiome features, highlighting dyadic interdependence and the potential for microbiome-targeted, dyadic interventions in survivorship care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"525-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Theoretical Intersection of Plant-Based Diets, Alzheimer's, and Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Tricia Rae VanCleef, Emily J Jones","doi":"10.1177/10998004261439115","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004261439115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are significant health concerns for older adults globally. Plant-based diets (PBDs) are a potential non-invasive lifestyle strategy to address the risk factors common to both conditions. Research on plant-based diets and older adults is limited, especially when it comes to the overlap between the development of CVD and AD. This theoretical paper examines the relationships between PBDs, AD, and CVD through the integration of six theories and concepts: the vascular hypothesis, microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) theory, neurovascular unit (NVU) theory, antioxidant theory, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and mitochondrial dysfunction. By integrating these theories and concepts, a comprehensive model is provided for understanding how plant-based diets may mitigate both AD and CVD through shared pathophysiological pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"617-629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of <i>IL6</i> and <i>IL10</i> Genotype on Cytokines and Preeclampsia in a Pregnant Multi-Ethnic Cohort of Women With Overweight and Obesity.","authors":"Jennifer Woo, Michelle Pearce, Ryan Hulla, Yvette P Conley, McKenzie K Jancsura","doi":"10.1177/10998004261445879","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004261445879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionAn imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors is implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Although <i>IL10</i> (rs1800896) and <i>IL6</i> (rs1800795) genotypes are known to influence circulating cytokine levels, their associations with longitudinal inflammatory profiles across pregnancy have not been well characterized.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case-control study to longitudinally compare nine pro- and four anti-inflammatory cytokines across pregnancy based on <i>IL6</i> and <i>IL10</i> genotype. The cohort included 111 women with overweight/obesity (37 with PE; 74 without PE), matched 2:1, and predominantly Black (72%). Separate 3 × 3 mixed multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) assessed interactions between <i>IL6</i> or <i>IL10</i> genotype (between-subjects' factor) and pregnancy trimester (within-subjects factor). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in separate models for each genotype. Due to the exploratory nature of the study and the examination of clinical relevance, statistical significance was set at <i>p =</i> .10.ResultsPro-inflammatory cytokine levels changed over pregnancy (<i>p <</i> .05) but were not associated with <i>IL6</i> or <i>IL10</i> genotype (all <i>p ></i> .10). Anti-inflammatory cytokine levels also varied across pregnancy (<i>p</i> < .05). <i>IL6</i> genotype was not associated with anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (<i>p ></i> .10). In contrast, <i>IL10</i> genotype was significantly associated with differences in anti-inflammatory cytokine levels across genotypes (V = 0.22, F (8,162) = 2.48, <i>p =</i> .014, η_<i>p</i>² = 0.11) and demonstrated an interaction effect with pregnancy trimester (V = 0.28, F (16,154) = 1.56, <i>p =</i> .087, η_<i>p</i>² = 0.14).Conclusion<i>IL10</i> genotype may influence circulating anti-inflammatory cytokines across pregnancy and, as such, may contribute to preeclampsia by influencing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression across pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"508-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}