The Impact of Exercise Training on Psychological Outcomes, Body Composition, and Quality of Life in Overweight or Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Elham Vosadi, Elahe Sadat Hashemi Fard, Zahra Mirakhori, Mahboobeh Borjian Fard
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Abstract

Background: Overweight and obesity are associated with adverse psychological outcomes, compromised body composition, and reduced quality of life (QoL). While exercise training has been proposed as an effective intervention, its impact on these outcomes remains unclear. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of exercise training on psychological outcomes, body composition, and QoL in overweight or obese adults. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed through July 2024, utilizing multiple databases. Random-effects models were used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) or mean differences (MDs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirty-one trials involving 2779 participants were included. Exercise training significantly improved mental health (SMD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.39, p = .0003), depression (SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -0.86, -0.18, p = .003), mood (SMD: 7.55, 95% CI: 10.78, 4.31, p < .00001), waist circumference (MD: -2.77 cm, 95% CI: -4.60, -0.94, p = .003), and lean body mass (MD: 1.16 kg, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.69, p < .0001). Improvements were also observed in various QoL domains, including social functioning (p = .004), physical functioning (p < .00001), vitality (p = .003), general health (p = .001), and environmental quality (p < .00001). However, some psychological, body composition, and QoL variables did not show significant effects. Conclusion: Exercise training positively impacts psychological outcomes, body composition, and multiple QoL domains in overweight and obese adults. These findings highlight the importance of exercise in lifestyle interventions. Further research is needed to determine long-term and consistent effects.

运动训练对超重或肥胖成人心理结局、身体组成和生活质量的影响:随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
背景:超重和肥胖与不良的心理结果、身体成分受损和生活质量(QoL)降低有关。虽然运动训练被认为是一种有效的干预措施,但其对这些结果的影响尚不清楚。目的:本系统综述和荟萃分析评估了运动训练对超重或肥胖成人心理结局、身体成分和生活质量的影响。方法:利用多个数据库,对截至2024年7月的研究进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。采用随机效应模型计算标准化平均差(SMDs)或平均差(MDs),并给出相应的95%置信区间(ci)。结果:纳入31项试验,受试者2779人。运动训练显著改善了心理健康(SMD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.39, p = 0.0003)、抑郁(SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -0.86, -0.18, p = 0.003)、情绪(SMD: 7.55, 95% CI: 10.78, 4.31, p = 0.00001)、腰围(MD: -2.77 cm, 95% CI: -4.60, -0.94, p = 0.003)和瘦体重(MD: 1.16 kg, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.69, p = 0.0001)。在各种生活质量领域也观察到改善,包括社会功能(p = 0.004)、身体功能(p = 0.00001)、活力(p = 0.003)、一般健康(p = 0.001)和环境质量(p = 0.00001)。然而,一些心理、身体成分和生活质量变量没有显示出显著的影响。结论:运动训练对超重和肥胖成人的心理结局、身体成分和多个生活质量域有积极影响。这些发现强调了运动在生活方式干预中的重要性。需要进一步的研究来确定长期和一致的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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