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Asian journal of andrology最新文献

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Andrology laboratory techniques for micro-TESE/IVF/ICSI: a narrative review. 微tese /IVF/ICSI的男科实验室技术：叙述性回顾。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.4103/aja2024122
Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi, Christina Anagnostopoulou, Firuza R Parikh
{"title":"Andrology laboratory techniques for micro-TESE/IVF/ICSI: a narrative review.","authors":"Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi, Christina Anagnostopoulou, Firuza R Parikh","doi":"10.4103/aja2024122","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja2024122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Since the early days of assisted reproductive technology (ART), the importance of sperm processing, employed to separate the motile, morphologically normal sperm from the semen, has been shown to be beneficial. The aim of the semen processing technique has been to remove seminal plasma and facilitate capacitation. Additionally, the presence of leukocytes, bacteria, and dead spermatozoa has been shown to be detrimental as it may cause oxidative stress that has an adverse effect on oocyte fertilization and embryo development. Hence, removal of leukocytes, bacteria, and dead spermatozoa is an important step of sperm processing for assisted reproduction. Currently, several sperm processing techniques have been evolved and optimized in the field of assisted reproduction. The requirements for in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) are different than those of intrauterine insemination (IUI). The yield of as many motile, morphologically normal sperm as possible is a prerequisite for the success of IVF insemination procedure. In ICSI, where injection of a single spermatozoon into the oocyte is performed by the embryologist, sperm selection techniques play a crucial role in the ICSI procedure. Finally, sperm retrieval in TESE samples with very low number of sperm may be challenging and requires extra care during sample processing. Additionally, sperm cryopreservation is necessary in TESE cases in order to avoid multiple biopsies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medical treatment prior to micro-TESE. 显微tese前的医疗治疗。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.4103/aja202492
Sujoy Dasgupta, Thanh Sang Le, Amarnath Rambhatla, Rupin Shah, Ashok Agarwal
{"title":"Medical treatment prior to micro-TESE.","authors":"Sujoy Dasgupta, Thanh Sang Le, Amarnath Rambhatla, Rupin Shah, Ashok Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/aja202492","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Except in cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the use of medical therapy before microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is controversial. In some studies, hormone therapy has been shown to improve the possibility of sperm retrieval during micro-TESE and even lead to the presence of sperm in the ejaculate in some cases, thereby obviating the need for micro-TESE. However, their routine use before micro-TESE in cases of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) being associated with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and eugonadism (normogonadotropic condition) has not been supported with robust evidence. In this review, we discuss different types of medical therapy used before micro-TESE for NOA, their risks and benefits, and the available evidence surrounding their use in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"342-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients. 非阻塞性无精子症患者的解剖考虑、睾丸和阴囊解剖。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.4103/aja2024102
Hao-Cheng Lin, Yan Chen, Yang-Yi Fang, Kai Hong
{"title":"Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients.","authors":"Hao-Cheng Lin, Yan Chen, Yang-Yi Fang, Kai Hong","doi":"10.4103/aja2024102","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja2024102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, impacts 10%-20% of couples globally. Both male and female factors contribute equally to this condition. Azoospermia, particularly nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), which affects 10%-15% of infertile men, represents a significant challenge in male infertility. The advent of assisted reproductive technology (ART), specifically microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), offers a possibility for men with NOA to father biological children. Recent studies have focused on the predictors of sperm retrieval in NOA patients, such as age, testicular volume, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. This review aims to explore the limited data on the anatomical characteristics of NOA patients and provide surgical considerations for micro-TESE, thereby enhancing understanding and improving outcomes for this challenging condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"288-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm. 显微 TESE 取回精子的精子冷冻保存方案。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.4103/aja202466
Vijay Mangoli, Evangelini Evgeni, Christine Wyns
{"title":"Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm.","authors":"Vijay Mangoli, Evangelini Evgeni, Christine Wyns","doi":"10.4103/aja202466","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Azoospermia is characterized by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate and is categorized into obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). For men with NOA, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is the only method to obtain sperm for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Given the rarity of these sperm and the unpredictable success of subsequent retrieval attempts, cryopreservation of microdissection-TESE-obtained sperm is essential. Effective cryopreservation prevents the need for repeated surgical procedures and supports future ART attempts. After first delving into the physiological and molecular aspects of sperm cryopreservation, this review aims to examine the current methods and devices for preserving small numbers of sperm. It presents conventional freezing and vitrification techniques, evaluating their respective strengths and limitations in effectively preserving rare sperm, and compares the efficacy of using fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"392-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as a cause of NOA and its treatment. 作为 NOA 病因之一的促性腺激素性腺功能减退症及其治疗。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.4103/aja202483
Gianmaria Salvio, Giancarlo Balercia, Ates Kadioglu
{"title":"Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as a cause of NOA and its treatment.","authors":"Gianmaria Salvio, Giancarlo Balercia, Ates Kadioglu","doi":"10.4103/aja202483","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) represents a relatively rare cause of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), but its knowledge is crucial for the clinical andrologists, as it represents a condition that can be corrected with medical therapy in 3 quarters of cases. There are forms of congenital HH, whether or not associated with an absent sense of smell (anosmic HH or Kallmann syndrome, and normosmic HH, respectively), and forms of acquired HH. In congenital HH, complete absence of pubertal development is characteristic. On the other hand, if the deficit occurs after the time of pubertal development, as in acquired HH patients, infertility and typical symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism are the main reasons for seeking medical assistance. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or gonadotropin replacement therapy is the mainstay of drug therapy and offers excellent results, although a small but significant proportion of patients do not achieve sufficient responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"322-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Management of non-obstructive azoospermia: advances, challenges, and expert recommendations. 非阻塞性无精子症的治疗：进展、挑战和专家建议。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.4103/aja202539
Amarnath Rambhatla, Parviz K Kavoussi, Rupin Shah, Ashok Agarwal
{"title":"Management of non-obstructive azoospermia: advances, challenges, and expert recommendations.","authors":"Amarnath Rambhatla, Parviz K Kavoussi, Rupin Shah, Ashok Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/aja202539","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":"27 3","pages":"277-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinician's guide to the management of azoospermia induced by exogenous testosterone or anabolic-androgenic steroids. 外源性睾酮或合成代谢雄激素类固醇引起的无精子症的临床治疗指南。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.4103/aja2024104
Manaf Al Hashimi, Germar-Michael Pinggera, Rupin Shah, Ashok Agarwal
{"title":"Clinician's guide to the management of azoospermia induced by exogenous testosterone or anabolic-androgenic steroids.","authors":"Manaf Al Hashimi, Germar-Michael Pinggera, Rupin Shah, Ashok Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/aja2024104","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja2024104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Azoospermia, defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate, is a well-documented consequence of exogenous testosterone (ET) and anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use. These agents suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to reduced intratesticular testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis. This review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying azoospermia and outlines therapeutic strategies for recovery. Azoospermia is categorized into pretesticular, testicular, and post-testicular types, with a focus on personalized treatment approaches based on the degree of HPG axis suppression and baseline testicular function. Key strategies include discontinuing ET and monitoring for spontaneous recovery, particularly in patients with shorter durations of ET use. For cases of persistent azoospermia, gonadotropins (human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as clomiphene citrate, are recommended, either alone or in combination. The global increase in exogenous testosterone use, including testosterone replacement therapy and AAS, underscores the need for improved management of associated azoospermia, which can be temporary or permanent depending on individual factors and the type of testosterone used. Additionally, the manuscript discusses preventive strategies, such as transitioning to short-acting testosterone formulations or incorporating low-dose hCG to preserve fertility during ET therapy. While guidelines for managing testosterone-related azoospermia remain limited, emerging research indicates the potential efficacy of hormonal stimulation therapies. However, there is a notable lack of well-structured, controlled, and long-term studies addressing the management of azoospermia related to exogenous testosterone use, highlighting the need for such studies to inform evidence-based recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"330-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epigenetics of nonobstructive azoospermia. 非梗阻性无精子症的表观遗传学。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.4103/aja202463
Sezgin Gunes, Asli Metin Mahmutoglu, Neslihan Hekim
{"title":"Epigenetics of nonobstructive azoospermia.","authors":"Sezgin Gunes, Asli Metin Mahmutoglu, Neslihan Hekim","doi":"10.4103/aja202463","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a severe and heterogeneous form of male factor infertility caused by dysfunction of spermatogenesis. Although various factors are well defined in the disruption of spermatogenesis, not all aspects due to the heterogeneity of the disorder have been determined yet. In this review, we focus on the recent findings and summarize the current data on epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and different metabolites produced during methylation and demethylation and various types of small noncoding RNAs involved in the pathogenesis of different groups of NOA.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"311-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Future prospects for the advancement of treatment of men with NOA: focus on gene editing, artificial sperm, stem cells, and use of imaging. 治疗男性无精子症的未来前景：关注基因编辑、人工精子、干细胞和成像技术的使用。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.4103/aja202486
Akeem Babatunde Sikiru, Manh Nguyen Truong, Wael Zohdy
{"title":"Future prospects for the advancement of treatment of men with NOA: focus on gene editing, artificial sperm, stem cells, and use of imaging.","authors":"Akeem Babatunde Sikiru, Manh Nguyen Truong, Wael Zohdy","doi":"10.4103/aja202486","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) affects about 60% of men with azoospermia, representing a severe form of male infertility. The current approach to manage NOA primarily involves testicular sperm retrieval methods such as conventional testicular sperm extraction (c-TESE) and microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE). While combining testicular sperm retrieval with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) offers hope for patients, the overall sperm retrieval rate (SRR) stands at around 50%. In cases where micro-TESE fails to retrieve sperm, limited options, like donor sperm or adoption, can be problematic in certain cultural contexts. This paper delves into prospective treatments for NOA management. Gene editing technologies, particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), hold potential for correcting genetic mutations underlying testicular dysfunction. However, these technologies face challenges due to their complexity, potential off-target effects, ethical concerns, and affordability. This calls for research to address key challenges associated with NOA management within the clinical settings. This also necessitate ongoing research essential for developing more sensitive diagnostic tests, validating novel treatments, and customizing current treatment strategies for individual patients. This review concluded that the future of NOA management may entail a combination of these treatment options, tailored to each patient's unique circumstances, providing a comprehensive approach to address NOA challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"433-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Andrology laboratory technique for analysis of semen in men with azoospermia. 用于分析无精子症男性精液的 Andrology 实验室技术。
Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.4103/aja202429
Andrian Japari, Dharani Moorthy, Amarnath Rambhatla
{"title":"Andrology laboratory technique for analysis of semen in men with azoospermia.","authors":"Andrian Japari, Dharani Moorthy, Amarnath Rambhatla","doi":"10.4103/aja202429","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Discovery of spermatozoa during the 17 th century led to developing technologies for semen analysis in the early 1900s, and then, standard techniques were implemented during the 20 th century. Semen analysis has a pivotal role in the male infertility evaluation, and azoospermia is an important finding. Azoospermia is identified in 15% of infertile men. However, the accurate laboratory assessment of azoospermia poses certain technical challenges. Laboratories currently perform semen assessment with great variability; thus, a standard method should be used. Planning suitable management and determining the cause of infertility require a precise evaluation of azoospermia. This review aims to address the definition of azoospermia and highlight laboratory methods in the assessments of azoospermia. Basic methods such as centrifugation, repeat pellet analysis, and staining and advanced methods such as genetic testing and biomarkers have been discussed. These methods have helped in standardizing the protocol for accurate azoospermia assessments with less variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"293-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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