Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia最新文献

{"title":"Dry eye disease: food, diet, and nutritional genetics. A narrative review","authors":"J. Salgado-Borges,&nbsp;S. Mora-Sáez,&nbsp;I. Andrés-Blasco,&nbsp;E. Bendala-Tufanisco,&nbsp;J. Benitez-del-Castillo,&nbsp;R. Machado-Soares,&nbsp;M.D. Pinazo-Durán,&nbsp;M. Labetoulle","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This narrative review deals with dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial disorder with varied prevalence worldwide, affecting the ocular surface constituents, and commonly associated to inflammation. Changes induced by DED provoke tear-film instability and a range of clinical manifestations, from soreness, blurred vision, to severe complications and loss of quality-of-life. Diet, nutrition and nutraceuticals have been identified as intervention targets for better managing DED pathophysiology. To gain knowledge in nutritional requirements and how to modify the diet based on the necessities by means of nutritional genetics, is an excellent approach to the above issues.</div><div>Molecular-genetic tools, specifically omics sciences in relation to food, diet, and nutritional genetics in DED, are the main purpose of this work. Between July- November 2025 we accessed the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane library, by using the keywords: diet OR natural food OR nutrition OR nutritional genetics OR nutrigenetics OR nutrigenomics OR omics sciences OR personalized diet AND dry eye disease OR dry eye disorder OR ocular surface disease. According to selection criteria, and a refined evaluation, 238 studies were finally found eligible for this review.</div><div>DED-related topics included in this work were: (1) Diets, food, and nutrients, (2) Nutritional genetics. (3) Dietary recommendations for DED, and (4) Final remarks and conclusions. Using new omics technologies, including nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, epigenetics and epigenomics, and metabolomics, the influence of diet and nutrition on DEDs are becoming clearer. However, knowledge of the interplay between food, nutritional genetics and DED is just beginning to emerge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual molecular diagnosis of TYR-related oculocutaneous albinism type 1 and FBN1-associated Marfan syndrome: A novel case with ocular and systemic correlations","authors":"M. Moro-Muniz,&nbsp;A. Ortiz Seller,&nbsp;E. Sanz Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the first pediatric case with molecular confirmation of TYR-related oculocutaneous albinism type 1 and FBN1-associated Marfan syndrome. The patient exhibited high myopia, diffuse myopic chorioretinopathy, bilateral foveal hypoplasia, and electrophysiologic evidence of optic pathway misrouting. Systemic findings included tall stature, mild scoliosis, and marfanoid features. Pathogenic variants were confirmed in both TYR and FBN1.The coexistence of these traditionally unrelated disorders broadens the phenotypic spectrum of both OCA1 and Marfan syndrome and suggests the potential involvement of shared or interacting pathways linking melanogenesis and extracellular matrix biology. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive genomic testing and multidisciplinary evaluation in patients with atypical ocular presentations and supports consideration of dual genetic diagnoses when a single gene defect does not adequately account for the clinical phenotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148019358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation for the correction of high compound myopic and mixed astigmatism in healthy corneas","authors":"L. Fernández-Vega-Cueto,&nbsp;C. Lisa,&nbsp;B. Alfonso-Bartolozzi,&nbsp;A. Poo-López,&nbsp;D. Madrid-Costa,&nbsp;J.F. Alfonso","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>To assess the outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation using a femtosecond laser for the correction of high mixed or compound myopic astigmatism.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 38 eyes from 24 patients with mixed or compound myopic astigmatism ≥4.00 D who underwent Ferrara-type ICRS implantation. Manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (logMAR), as well as corneal topography, were recorded preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The refractive cylinder decreased from −6.31 ± 1.69 D preoperatively to −1.57 ± 0.75 D postoperatively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). In cases with mixed astigmatism, the refractive sphere decreased from +3.65 ± 2.21 D to +1.34 ± 1.70 D (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). By contrast, in eyes with compound myopic astigmatism, the refractive sphere increased from −3.55 ± 3.04 D to −4.31 ± 3.23 D (<em>P</em> = 0.003). The mean UDVA (logMAR) significantly improved from 0.90 ± 0.27 preoperatively to 0.38 ± 0.29 postoperatively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). The mean CDVA (logMAR) changed from 0.10 ± 0.13 to 0.07 ± 0.08 after surgery (<em>P</em> = 0.008). Postoperative UDVA was significantly better in cases with mixed astigmatism compared with compound myopic astigmatism (0.31 ± 0.20 vs 0.63 ± 0.36 logMAR; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). However, no differences were observed in CDVA (0.06 ± 0.08 vs 0.08 ± 0.08 logMAR; <em>P</em> = 0.2).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The outcomes of this study support the viability of Ferrara-type ICRS implantation as a surgical alternative for reducing high astigmatism to low-to-moderate levels. Astigmatism reduction is accompanied by a decrease in the refractive sphere in mixed astigmatism and an increase in compound myopic astigmatism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of dose adjustment with efficacy and safety of faricimab for age-related macular degeneration disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"B. Benedictus,&nbsp;S.T. Alaydrus,&nbsp;H.K. Ronik,&nbsp;Y.A. Dwinastiti,&nbsp;B. Priscilla,&nbsp;E. Nova","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviews the efficacy and safety of various dosing regimens and treatment cycles of intravitreal faricimab as therapy for Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or post-hoc analyses of RCTs involving a population of ARMD or macular related disorder patients receiving faricimab therapy. Study outcomes were assessed by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) or central macular subfield thickness (CST). Data extracted from the journals included characteristics of the patient population, subgroup population, treatment used, therapeutic dose, treatment cycle, BCVA, CVA, number of populations with severe adverse events, and severe ocular adverse events. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, with values ≤ 40% considered homogeneous. A random effects model was applied when effect estimates crossed the line of no effect. Effect sizes were reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. We included eight studies with a total of 8458 study populations. There are several doses that can be given (1.5 mg and 6 mg) and several cycles of administration (every 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks and personalized treatment interval). Faricimab 6 mg every sixteen weeks has shown a better effect than aflibercept and ranibizumab. These findings suggest that faricimab 6 mg administered every sixteen weeks demonstrated superior outcomes in improving best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and greater reductions in central subfield thickness (CST) compared to aflibercept 2 mg every eight weeks. However, a more frequent regimens were associated with significantly higher severe adverse events, especially ocular severe adverse events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab","authors":"A.B. González Escobar,&nbsp;I.M. Baquero Aranda,&nbsp;J.C. Valera Ávila,&nbsp;E. Barco Moreno,&nbsp;J.M. Galván Cano,&nbsp;R. Luque Aranda","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is a rare entity consisting of lesions similar to those of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and type 1 aneurysmal neovascularization (N1a), but located outside the macular region in the peripheral retina.</div><div>We present the case of an 89-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with loss of visual acuity (VA) in both eyes (OU) due to a massive macular subretinal hemorrhage in the right eye (OD) and a vitreous hemorrhage in her left eye (OS), accompanied in both eyes by peripheral hemorrhagic retinal pigment epithelium detachments (hPED). Ophthalmological examination and multimodal imaging led to the diagnosis of PEHCR.</div><div>This case highlights the importance of the differential diagnosis of PEHCR from other vascular and neoplastic pathologies in order to avoid unnecessary tests and treatments. Early recognition and diagnosis are essential for establishing appropriate management, with intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endotelial groth factors (anti-VEGF) being recommended in cases with loss of VA or threat thereof. This case also contributes to the limited published literature on bilateral PEHCR, reinforcing the need to consider this pathology in elderly patients with peripheral hemorrhagic lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous regression of a choroidal nevus with risk factors for growth","authors":"M. Prat Dot,&nbsp;D. Lorenzo Parra,&nbsp;J.M. Caminal Mitjana","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the case of a 41-year-old woman with a choroidal nevus exhibiting recognized risk factors for malignant transformation who demonstrated spontaneous and progressive regression over a 6-year follow-up period. Spontaneous involution is a well-established phenomenon in cutaneous lesions, including melanocytic nevi and cutaneous malignant melanoma, and has occasionally been described in choroidal melanoma. However, spontaneous regression of choroidal nevus is exceedingly rare, with only 2 cases previously reported in the literature. The underlying mechanism is presumed to involve an immune-mediated response driven by melanocyte-specific T lymphocytes, predominantly cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xerophthalmia and bilateral optic neuropathy secondary to nutritional deficiency in a patient with autism spectrum disorder: Case report and literature review","authors":"A.T. Pérez Bello,&nbsp;G. Galperin,&nbsp;M.E. Frack Auger,&nbsp;B.F. Graizman Kohan,&nbsp;F.M. Preto,&nbsp;C.M. Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chronic vitamin A deficiency is the leading preventable cause of childhood blindness.<span><span>¹</span></span> Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represent a high-risk group because they may present eating disorders that lead to severe nutritional deficiencies. We present the case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with ASD who developed xerophthalmia and bilateral optic neuropathy in the context of vitamin A deficiency, associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia, who was managed and followed up through a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of this work is to present a case report accompanied by a literature review to contextualize it, compare it with previously described cases in the scientific literature, and highlight its relevance in diagnostic and therapeutic management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbital myeloid sarcoma as the first manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia in a pediatric patient: Case report","authors":"J. Angulo Velásquez,&nbsp;M. López Fuentes,&nbsp;D. Cruzado-Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells that may occur in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is more common in children than in adults, and the orbit represents one of the most frequent sites of involvement. When MS presents as an isolated lesion or precedes the diagnosis of AML, accurate diagnosis may be challenging, potentially delaying treatment and adversely affecting prognosis. We report a case of orbital myeloid sarcoma as the initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia in a previously healthy pediatric patient with a rapidly progressive clinical course.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a new era in ocular biometry: innovation in measurement technology and intraocular lens power calculation","authors":"M. Puzo Bayod,&nbsp;F.J. Castro Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of bilateral graded inferior oblique recession on ocular torsion in patients with primary inferior oblique overaction: A prospective study","authors":"K.B. Mallik,&nbsp;A. Singh,&nbsp;S.K. Mittal,&nbsp;P.K. Pandey,&nbsp;B. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>The impact of inferior oblique (IO) weakening on ocular torsion is well documented. This study aimed to evaluate objective and subjective torsional changes using fondo photography and the Double Maddox rod test (DMRT) after bilateral IO recession in cases of primary inferior oblique overaction.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This prospective, hospital-based observational cohort study included 82 eyes from 41 patients with primary inferior oblique overaction who underwent IO recession using the Apt and Call technique between December 2023 and March 2025. Pre- and postoperative subjective and objective torsion were analyzed using the DMRT and fundus photography to assess torsional changes at 1, 4, and 12 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age was 13.93 ± 8 years; 58.5% of patients were male. Preoperative DMRT showed no subjective torsion, with a mean objective torsion of 9.32 ± 5.25°. Mean IOOA grade and V-pattern were 2.74 ± 0.98 and 28.66 ± 9.08 prism diopters, respectively. Postoperatively, DMRT findings remained unchanged, whereas objective torsion decreased significantly to 5.82 ± 3.95, 5.51 ± 3.8, and 5.08 ± 3.77° at 1, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively. The overall change in torsion at 12 weeks was 4.24 ± 3.14°. Additionally, significant improvements in IOOA grading and V-pattern were observed at 12 weeks, with values of 0.09 ± 0.28 grades and 6.05 ± 2.95 prism diopters, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bilateral graded IO recession significantly reduces objective ocular extorsion, without a corresponding change in subjective torsion as assessed by DMRT. The reduction in torsion was accompanied by significant improvements in IOOA grading and V-pattern deviation, confirming the functional efficacy of IO recession.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93886,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}