Animal models and experimental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Engraftment of sheep splenic lymphocytes into NBSGW mice and application in Brucella infection","authors":"Xiaowei Wang,&nbsp;Shicheng Wan,&nbsp;Yanmin Guo,&nbsp;Hongyu Han,&nbsp;Fei Luo,&nbsp;Dongmei Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaorong Yang,&nbsp;Quanhai Pang,&nbsp;Haisheng Yu,&nbsp;Jinlian Hua","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70217","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of immune reconstituted xenograft mouse models has addressed the limitations imposed by interspecies immunological differences in disease research. However, mouse models reconstituted with a sheep immune system remain largely unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we successfully established a sheep splenocyte-reconstituted mouse model (Sh-Spl mice) by intravenously transplanting ovine splenocytes into severely immunodeficient NBSGW mice, and evaluated the efficiency of immune reconstitution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed that ovine-derived CD45⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ cells were detectable in the peripheral blood of Sh-Spl mice for an extended period (up to 13 weeks), and these cells were also distributed in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Furthermore, upon intraperitoneal infection with <i>Brucella melitensis</i>, Sh-Spl mice exhibited characteristic pathological alterations and bacterial colonization, confirming the successful establishment of the infection model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sheep immune system-reconstituted mouse model developed in this study, combined with subsequent pathogen challenge, provides a novel experimental platform for investigating the pathogenesis of sheep-hosted pathogens and developing prevention and control strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 8","pages":"1602-1612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel rat model of pulmonary artery embolism and the application value of lung ultrasound B-lines in early-stage pulmonary embolism","authors":"Huide Ma,&nbsp;Shuangrui Wang,&nbsp;Honghui Li,&nbsp;Yaxing Zhang,&nbsp;Yuman Gao,&nbsp;Jie Zhou,&nbsp;Xia Xu,&nbsp;Rong Wu","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70250","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) is increasingly valued in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PE). Currently, clinical research using lung ultrasound relies solely on imaging methods and lacks histological evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A new rat pulmonary artery embolism model was prepared by injecting stable emboli through a visualized injection path. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated by assessing pulmonary artery hemodynamics, and the relationship between lung ultrasound and infarcted tissue was studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The new rat pulmonary emboli are stable, and ultrasound can display the distribution of the emboli in the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary artery hemodynamics can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The ultrasound manifestations of small patchy hemorrhagic infarcts on the surface of lung tissue after PE are B-lines. Some small patchy hemorrhagic infarct lesions may progress to large infarct lesions, which are manifested as consolidation on ultrasound. The sensitivity of ultrasound B-lines for detecting infarct lesions is 60.3%, and the specificity is 86.8%. The consistency boundary between the long diameter of pulmonary ultrasound B-lines and the long diameter of pulmonary tissue infarction ranges from −0.75 to 2.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that ultrasound B-lines have application value in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and also provides a new animal model for research on pulmonary hypertension and the development of drugs for pulmonary embolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 8","pages":"1507-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of intermittent hypoxia on muscle recovery in rats: A systematic review","authors":"Sebastian Philippe Hansen Quiblier,&nbsp;María García-Arrabé,&nbsp;Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda,&nbsp;Guillermo García-Pérez-de-Sevilla","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70248","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this review was to synthesize evidence from animal models on the effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH), cold exposure, and their combinations, with or without exercise, on skeletal muscle recovery after fatigue or injury. The review systematically examined controlled animal studies evaluating hypoxia- or cold-based interventions for muscle recovery. The data sources PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to July 2025 following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD420251013029). Studies deemed eligible for inclusion were interventional animal studies assessing IHH, cold exposure, or combined protocols and reporting functional, physiological, or mechanistic outcomes. Risk of bias was evaluated using RoB 2. Five studies met inclusion criteria. IHH protocols simulated ~4000–4500 m for several hours per day, while cold exposure used ~4°C; some studies added low-intensity treadmill exercise. IHH alone enhanced muscle regeneration, reduced fibrosis, and improved contractile force compared with passive recovery. Combined with aerobic exercise, IHH maintained oxidative capacity and increased PGC-1α and VEGF expression, supporting angiogenesis. Cold exposure elevated mitochondrial complex expression but increased oxidative stress, whereas IHH improved redox balance. IHH plus light exercise also raised circulating CD34⁺ and endothelial progenitor cells, suggesting improved repair capacity. Overall risk of bias was rated as “some concerns,” mainly due to limited reporting of randomization. Our conclusion is that IHH shows potential to enhance muscle regeneration and redox balance in animal models. Its application in athletic recovery is promising, but standardized protocols and human trials are required before translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 8","pages":"1539-1547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,2-propanediol reformulation improves tribromoethanol safety and reveals pontine GABRA1 enrichment as a candidate mechanistic correlate of anesthesia.","authors":"Xia Li, Yanming Chen, Xinyi Xiao, Guoheng Xu","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ame2.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conventional tribromoethanol anesthesia is compromised by solvent-related toxicity, limiting its utility in prolonged experimental protocols. We hypothesized that reformulation with 1,2-propanediol could improve its biosafety while revealing its potential mechanism of action in the central nervous system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vivo biocompatibility was evaluated using OECD-standard irritation models, while anesthetic efficacy was quantitatively determined via the up-down sequential allocation method, complemented by tail-immersion and writhing tests to characterize antinociceptive effects. Moreover, physiological stability was monitored using non-invasive tail-cuff plethysmography and rectal thermometry for cardiovascular and core temperature assessment. In addition, subacute toxicity was assessed through repeated dosing, and MRI for neurostructural integrity. Finally, cognitive function and mechanisms were probed via the Morris water maze, molecular docking, region-specific protein expression, and real-time cerebral oxygen saturation mapping using photoacoustic imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 1,2-propanediol formulation markedly reduced local tissue irritation and improved pulse-rate, blood-pressure, thermoregulatory, and repeated-dosing survival profiles compared with the conventional 2-methyl-2-butanol formulation. TBE/PG exhibited dose-dependent anesthetic efficacy without significant strain- or sex-associated differences. Repeated administration induced transient spatial learning impairment and reduced cerebral oxygen saturation; these effects were largely reversible after drug withdrawal and retraining. Molecular docking and regional protein profiling identified GABRA1, which was enriched in the pons, as a candidate mechanistic correlate of TBE-induced anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes a biocompatible TBE formulation as a superior injectable anesthetic with enhanced safety and reversible cognitive effects. The results pinpoint pontine GABRA1 targeting as a novel pathway for TBE-induced anesthesia, providing a robust framework for refining preclinical sedation protocols and future neurotoxicological evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell therapy comparison of dental pulp stem cells, hepatocytes, and their exosomes for liver fibrosis treatment in rats","authors":"Sahar Rahimi,&nbsp;Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar,&nbsp;Ali Derakhshani,&nbsp;Nader Shahrokhi","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, primarily as a result of hepatic stellate cell activation, is a hallmark of hepatic fibrosis, a progressive outcome of chronic liver injuries. Recent research studies suggest that stem cells, hepatocytes, and extracellular vesicles may provide therapeutic advantages due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and regenerative activities. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of these agents in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)–induced hepatic fibrosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver fibrosis was induced in male Wistar rats via intraperitoneal CCl₄ injections for 8 weeks. Then the animals were intravenously administrated stem cells, hepatocytes, hepatocyte-derived exosomes, or stem cell–derived exosomes. Also, a fibrosis, a sham, a intact, and a PBS-treated group were consider the controls. After treatment, protein expression (alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin), oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde), serum biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides), and fibrosis-related gene expression (matrix metalloproteinase 2 <i>(MMP2)</i>, platelete-derived growth factor receptor beta (<i>PDGFRB</i>), transforming growth factor-beta (<i>TGF-β</i>), thymosin beta-10 (<i>TMSB10) and transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B)</i>) were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant liver damage, changed metabolic parameters, increased oxidative stress, and upregulated fibrosis markers were all observed in the fibrosis group. On the contrary, all treatments caused considerable improvements, though exosomes derived from stem cells demonstrated the most significant effects. Along with improved histopathological features, this group exhibited significant decreases in oxidative damage, liver enzymes, and profibrotic marker expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver fibrosis was considerably reduced by stem cells, hepatocytes, and particularly their exosomes. Exosomes made from stem cells demonstrated the strongest therapeutic effect, confirming their potential as a viable noncellular hepatic fibrosis treatment approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 7","pages":"1436-1453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear factor of activated T cells as a driver of tumor progression and a target for precision therapy","authors":"Hira Khan,&nbsp;Khushbakhat Alia,&nbsp;Yusra Al Dhaheri,&nbsp;Muhammad Naseem,&nbsp;Rabah Iratni,&nbsp;Edgar Serfling,&nbsp;Khalid Muhammad","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70251","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70251","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) family comprises closely related transcription factors. Numerous biological processes including angiogenesis, invasion, migration, proliferation, and cell survival are regulated by the NFAT family. NFATs are overexpressed and have increased transcriptional activity in a variety of human solid tumors and hematological cancers. Beyond tumor cell-intrinsic roles, NFAT has also emerged as an important regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can influence immune cell behavior and contribute to mechanisms of immune evasion. The discovery of the multifaceted functions of NFATs has driven the need to further unveil their role in cancer and provide new insights into other potential roles. This review provides a comprehensive narrative synthesis of current molecular and clinical studies, with particular emphasis on how NFAT shapes tumor immune interactions and modulates the TME. By integrating findings across different cancer types, we highlight how NFAT may contribute to both tumor progression and immune regulation. The review concludes by highlighting significant knowledge gaps and recommending future paths for translational and therapeutic research to leverage NFAT signaling as a potential target in precision cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 7","pages":"1338-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial hearing recovery after cochlear nerve surface transplantation of hair follicle-derived neural crest stem cells in neural hearing loss rat","authors":"Huidong Chen,&nbsp;Yunlong Zhang,&nbsp;Huanzhi Wan,&nbsp;Bingqian Yang,&nbsp;Tianyi Liu,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Hua Liao,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhijian Zhang,&nbsp;Qingquan Hua","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70216","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70216","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stem cell therapy offers promise for the neurodegenerative diseases and has been explored for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, effective cell delivery strategies remain a critical challenge for SNHL treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address this need, we established an ouabain-induced SGN injured hearing loss model in rat and evaluated a novel transplantation strategy targeting the cochlear nerve surface via posterior occipital approach, designed to minimize cochlear structural damage and facilitate targeted cell delivery to Rosenthal's canal (RC). The temporal changes in glial cell densities within RC revealed a progressively deteriorating neural microenvironment, supporting early-stage intervention. Accordingly, hair follicle-derived neural crest stem cell (HFNCSC) transplantation was performed 3 or 4 days after modeling via two approaches: cochlear nerve surface transplantation (CNT) and round window transplantation (RWT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CNT resulted in significant improvements in auditory function, as evidenced by reduced auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, shortened wave I latencies, and preserved wave I amplitudes post-transplantation. Transplanted cells were distributed along the nerve trunk and within RC. In contrast, RWT failed to improve auditory function and caused cochlear structural damage, with widespread cell dispersion in cochlear fluids. Notably, the CNT group exhibited significantly higher densities of TUJ1-positive neuron-like cells and glial cells in the RC, accompanied by enhanced myelin basic protein expression suggestive of remyelination. No such improvements were observed in the RWT group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that cochlear nerve surface transplantation enhances stem cell survival and auditory function recovery, and represents a promising delivery approach for stem cell-based therapy of SGN-related hearing loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 7","pages":"1454-1468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148058922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and validation of fecal complement component 3 and fibronectin as potential biomarkers for monitoring disease activity in ulcerative colitis based on a mouse model","authors":"Yangyun Guo,&nbsp;Ziheng Yan,&nbsp;Jingyu Ye,&nbsp;Ruifu Yang,&nbsp;Yajun Song,&nbsp;Hui Yue,&nbsp;Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70233","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a typical inflammatory bowel disease requiring long-term management. Although fecal calprotectin (FC) is widely employed for assessing disease activity, it is still considered insufficient as a standalone tool. New biomarkers are needed to better predict risk and comprehensively reflect biological pathways. This study aimed to identify potential fecal biomarkers to monitor disease activity in UC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>C57BL/6J mice were exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment for 7 days. Feces were collected and subjected to proteomic analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mouse colon tissues were subjected to histopathological and immunofluorescence analyses. The correlations between the selected fecal proteins and disease severity were evaluated and compared with FC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Proteomic analysis revealed increases in fecal complement component 3 (C3) and fibronectin (FN) in the DSS group. Next, we measured fecal C3 and FN levels in mice using ELISA. Significant elevation in C3 and FN levels was observed as early as day 1 after DSS treatment, preceding the increase in FC. Both fecal C3 and FN demonstrated significant correlations with disease activity, with C3 exhibiting a stronger correlation than FC. Using immunofluorescence, we observed distinct C3 and FN expressions in both the colonic tissues and the intestinal lumen.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings demonstrate that fecal C3 and FN are promising candidate biomarkers for monitoring UC disease activity, and their utility requires further validation in other colitis models and human cohorts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 7","pages":"1292-1301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148058909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell–based therapies for type 1 diabetes: Progress in differentiation, clinical translation, and immune protection","authors":"Zifan Li,&nbsp;Yu Kang,&nbsp;Yuyu Niu","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transplantation of insulin-producing cells derived from pluripotent stem cells represents a highly promising approach for the radical treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Informed by a comprehensive understanding of fetal pancreatic development, directed differentiation protocol for generating pancreatic β cells from pluripotent stem cells has been established and has achieved considerable advances, enabling the production of mature, fully functional β cells that closely recapitulate the characteristics of native pancreatic β cells. Preclinical studies have shown that the transplantation of stem cell–derived islets (SC-islets) reverses hyperglycemia in both mouse and nonhuman primate models, with a favorable safety profile. Early-phase clinical trials have further corroborated the safety and efficacy of this approach, a subset of patients with long-standing T1D achieved insulin independence, described as a “functional cure”, with no serious adverse events of clinical significance reported. Despite these encouraging results, substantial challenges remain. With respect to differentiation protocols, insufficient functional maturity, pronounced cellular heterogeneity, significant batch-to-batch variability, and the challenges of large-scale manufacturing represent the principal unresolved limitations. Of particular concern, immune rejection remains a critical barrier even after the transplantation of autologous SC-islets, necessitating continued reliance on immunosuppressive therapy. Cell encapsulation and gene editing strategies have emerged as potential approaches to overcome this immunological barrier. In this review, we discuss strategies for obtaining insulin-producing cells from diverse cellular sources, summarize the latest advances in stem cell–based diabetes therapy, and propose future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 7","pages":"1277-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and evaluation of surgical models of spinal fusion in mice, rats, and rabbits","authors":"Jianghong Lu,&nbsp;Yicun Hu,&nbsp;Xin Yao","doi":"10.1002/ame2.70215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to establish a theoretical foundation for selecting and constructing animal models in clinical research on spine-related diseases. By establishing surgical models in three experimental animal species—mice, rats, and rabbits—we compare their respective advantages and disadvantages. First, three experimental animals of each of the three species were selected in good health. Subsequently, the experimental animals were dissected and several indices of the designated intervertebral discs and the height of the adjacent vertebrae were measured. At the same time, the ease of the surgical operation was assessed intraoperatively (in terms of the ease of preoperative localization, the clarity of the intraoperative structures, and the length of the surgical operation). In addition, the animal type most suitable for the construction of a spinal fusion surgery model was evaluated. Finally, a rabbit spinal fusion surgical model was constructed and evaluated by palpation and gross view of the tissue to assess the degree of spinal fusion. The data on the disc structure of rabbits have more advantages than those of mice and rats in constructing surgical models, with easier preoperative localization, more precise intraoperative structure, and shorter surgery time. Spinal fusion surgery in rabbits was successful, with a significant trend toward fusion at 4 weeks postoperatively. Rabbits were superior to mice and rats as experimental animals for establishing spinal fusion surgery models, and the fusion models were effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"9 7","pages":"1480-1486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13394922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}