Animal models and experimental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Progress in experimental models to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity of drugs","authors":"Yasodha Krishna Janapati,&nbsp;Sunil Junapudi","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12442","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders, and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion, decreased activity of insulin, or both. Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular alterations in both macro- and micro-blood vessels. In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis, identifying targets, and reviewing novel treatment options and medications. Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences. The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models, such as rodent models, chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan, and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals. Other models include virally induced models, diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals, surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models, and non-obese models. Large animals or non-rodent models like porcine (pig), canine (dog), nonhuman primate, and Zebrafish models are also outlined. The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta-cell lines and pancreatic islets, human stem cells, and organoid cultures. The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"7 3","pages":"297-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11228097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akkermansia muciniphila isolated from forest musk deer ameliorates diarrhea in mice via modification of gut microbiota.","authors":"Yan Deng, Yan Wang, Ying Liu, Xiaoli Yang, Hai Zhang, Xiaochang Xue, Yi Wan","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ame2.12441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The forest musk deer, a rare fauna species found in China, is famous for its musk secretion which is used in selected Traditional Chinese medicines. However, over-hunting has led to musk deer becoming an endangered species, and their survival is also greatly challenged by various high incidence and high mortality respiratory and intestinal diseases such as septic pneumonia and enteritis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Akkermannia muciniphila (AKK) is a promising probiotic, and we wondered whether AKK could be used as a food additive in animal breeding programmes to help prevent intestinal diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We isolated one AKK strain from musk deer feces (AKK-D) using an improved enrichment medium combined with real-time PCR. After confirmation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a series of in vitro tests was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effects of AKK-D by assessing its reproductive capability, simulated gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, acid and bile salt resistance, self-aggregation ability, hydrophobicity, antibiotic sensitivity, hemolysis, harmful metabolite production, biofilm formation ability, and bacterial adhesion to gastrointestinal mucosa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AKK-D strain has a probiotic function similar to that of the standard strain in humans (AKK-H). An in vivo study found that AKK-D significantly ameliorated symptoms in the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced murine diarrhea model. AKK-D improved organ damage, inhibited inflammatory responses, and improved intestinal barrier permeability. Additionally, AKK-D promoted the reconstitution and maintenance of the homeostasis of gut microflora, as indicated by the fact that AKK-D-treated mice showed a decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in the proportion of other beneficial bacteria like Muribaculaceae, Muribaculum, and unclassified f_Lachnospiaceae compared with the diarrhea model mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, our data show that this novel AKK-D strain might be a potential probiotic for use in musk deer breeding, although further extensive systematic research is still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma in rodents: A narrative review","authors":"Maryam Golmohammadi,&nbsp;Seyed Arash Aghaei Meibodi,&nbsp;Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash Al-Hawary,&nbsp;Jitendra Gupta,&nbsp;Ibrohim B. Sapaev,&nbsp;Mazin A. A. Najm,&nbsp;Marim Alwave,&nbsp;Mozhgan Nazifi,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Rahmani,&nbsp;Mohammad Yasin Zamanian,&nbsp;Gervason Moriasi","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12438","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glaucoma, an irreversible optic neuropathy, primarily affects retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and causes vision loss and blindness. The damage to RGCs in glaucoma occurs by various mechanisms, including elevated intraocular pressure, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other neurodegenerative processes. As the disease progresses, the loss of RGCs leads to vision loss. Therefore, protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival are important goals in managing glaucoma. In this regard, resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic phytoalexin, exerts antioxidant effects and slows down the evolution and progression of glaucoma. The present review shows that RES plays a protective role in RGCs in cases of ischemic injury and hypoxia as well as in ErbB2 protein expression in the retina. Additionally, RES plays protective roles in RGCs by promoting cell growth, reducing apoptosis, and decreasing oxidative stress in H₂O₂-exposed RGCs. RES was also found to inhibit oxidative stress damage in RGCs and suppress the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. RES could alleviate retinal function impairment by suppressing the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor and p38/p53 axes while stimulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, RES might exert potential therapeutic effects for managing glaucoma by protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"7 3","pages":"195-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR-106a targets ATG7 to inhibit autophagy and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction","authors":"Guofeng Bai,&nbsp;Jinghao Yang,&nbsp;Weili Liao,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhou,&nbsp;Yingting He,&nbsp;Nian Li,&nbsp;Liuhong Zhang,&nbsp;Yifei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Dong,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Jinchun Pan,&nbsp;Liangxue Lai,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yuan,&nbsp;Xilong Wang","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12418","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12418","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is an acute condition in which the heart muscle dies due to the lack of blood supply. Previous research has suggested that autophagy and angiogenesis play vital roles in the prevention of heart failure after MI, and <i>miR-106a</i> is considered to be an important regulatory factor in MI. But the specific mechanism remains unknown. In this study, using cultured venous endothelial cells and a rat model of MI, we aimed to identify the potential target genes of <i>miR-106a</i> and discover the mechanisms of inhibiting autophagy and angiogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We first explored the biological functions of <i>miR-106a</i> on autophagy and angiogenesis on endothelial cells. Then we identified <i>ATG7</i>, which was the downstream target gene of <i>miR-106a</i>. The expression of <i>miR-106a</i> and <i>ATG7</i> was investigated in the rat model of MI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that miR-106a inhibits the proliferation, cell cycle, autophagy and angiogenesis, but promoted the apoptosis of vein endothelial cells. Moreover, <i>ATG7</i> was identified as the target of <i>miR-106a</i>, and <i>ATG7</i> rescued the inhibition of autophagy and angiogenesis by <i>miR-106a</i>. The expression of miR-106a in the rat model of MI was decreased but the expression of <i>ATG7</i> was increased in the infarction areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate that <i>miR-106a</i> may inhibit autophagy and angiogenesis by targeting <i>ATG7</i>. This mechanism may be a potential therapeutic treatment for MI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"7 4","pages":"408-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-37 possesses both anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.","authors":"Feifei Qi, Yiwei Yan, Qi Lv, Mingya Liu, Ming Liu, Fengdi Li, Ran Deng, Xujian Liang, Shuyue Li, Guocui Mou, Linlin Bao","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ame2.12435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim was to elucidate the function of IL-37 in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for managing the clinical treatment of inflammatory response caused by respiratory virus infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the development of MERS by infecting hDPP4 mice with hCoV-EMC (10⁷ TCID₅₀ [50% tissue culture infectious dose]) intranasally. We infected A549 cells with MERS-CoV, which concurrently interfered with IL-37, detecting the viral titer, viral load, and cytokine expression at certain points postinfection. Meanwhile, we administered IL-37 (12.5 μg/kg) intravenously to hDPP4 mice 2 h after MERS-CoV-2 infection and collected the serum and lungs 5 days after infection to investigate the efficacy of IL-37 in MERS-CoV infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The viral titer of MERS-CoV-infected A549 cells interfering with IL-37 was significantly reduced by 4.7-fold, and the viral load of MERS-CoV-infected hDPP4 mice was decreased by 59-fold in lung tissue. Furthermore, the administration of IL-37 suppressed inflammatory cytokine and chemokine (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interferon-γ, and IL-17A) expression and ameliorated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in hDPP4 mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-37 exhibits protective properties in severe pneumonia induced by MERS-CoV infection. This effect is achieved through attenuation of lung viral load, suppression of inflammatory cytokine secretion, reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitigation of pulmonary injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-incorporated PLLA porous microspheres for cartilage regeneration","authors":"Chang Gao,&nbsp;Wenlong Yuan,&nbsp;Dongcheng Wang,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Tong Zhang,&nbsp;Zhimin Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12433","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12433","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In facial plastic surgery, patients with nasal deformity are often treated by rib cartilage transplantation. In recent years, cartilage tissue engineering has developed as an alternative to complex surgery for patients with minor nasal defects via injection of nasal filler material. In this study, we prepared an injectable nasal filler material containing poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) porous microspheres (PMs), hyaluronic acid (HA) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We seeded ADMSCs into as-prepared PLLA PMs using our newly invented centrifugation perfusion technique. Then, HA was mixed with ADMSC-incorporated PLLA PMs to form a hydrophilic and injectable cell delivery system (ADMSC-incorporated PMH).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated the biocompatibility of PMH in vitro and in vivo. PMH has good injectability and provides a favorable environment for the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ADMSCs. In vivo experiments, we observed that PMH has good biocompatibility and cartilage regeneration ability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, a injectable cell delivery system was successfully constructed. We believe that PMH has potential application in cartilage tissue engineering, especially in nasal cartilage regeneration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"7 5","pages":"685-695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative studies between humans and golden Syrian hamsters via thromboelastography","authors":"Ze Yang,&nbsp;Lili Xie,&nbsp;Jingjing Ba,&nbsp;Simin Zan,&nbsp;Letong Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Yu","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12403","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thromboelastography (TEG) is a widely utilized clinical testing method for real-time monitoring of platelet function and the thrombosis process. Lipid metabolism disorders are crucial risk factors for thrombosis. The lipid metabolism characteristics of hamsters resemble those of humans more closely than mice and rats, and their relatively large blood volume makes them suitable for studying the mechanisms of thrombosis related to plasma lipid mechanisms. Whole blood samples from golden Syrian hamsters and healthy humans were obtained following standard clinical procedures. TEG was employed to evaluate coagulation factor function, fibrinogen (Fib) function, platelet function, and the fibrinolytic system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The whole blood from hamster or healthy human was isolated following the clinical procedure, and TEG was employed to evaluate the coagulation factor function, Fib function, platelet function, and fibrinolytic system. Coagulation analysis used ACLTOP750 automatic coagulation analysis pipeline. Blood routine testing used XN-2000 automatic blood analyzer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TEG parameters revealed that hamsters exhibited stronger coagulation factor function than humans (reaction time [R], <i>p</i> = 0.0117), with stronger Fib function (alpha angle, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001; K-time [K], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Platelet function did not differ significantly (maximum amplitude [MA], <i>p</i> = 0.077). Hamsters displayed higher coagulation status than humans (coagulation index [CI], <i>p</i> = 0.0023), and the rate of blood clot dissolution in hamsters differed from that in humans (percentage lysis 30 min after MA, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Coagulation analysis parameters indicated that prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were faster in hamsters than in humans (PT, <i>p</i> = 0.0014; APTT, <i>p</i> = 0.03), whereas the Fib content was significantly lower in hamsters than in humans (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in thrombin time (<i>p</i> = 0.1949).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, TEG could be used to evaluate thrombosis and bleeding parameters in whole blood samples from hamsters. The platelet function of hamsters closely resembled that of humans, whereas their coagulation function was significantly stronger.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"7 4","pages":"570-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the pathogenicity and neutrophil and monocyte response between SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.1 in a lethal mouse model.","authors":"Na Rong, Jing Wu, Binbin Zhao, Wanjun Peng, Hekai Yang, Gengxin Zhang, Dangting Ruan, Xiaohui Wei, Jiangning Liu","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ame2.12419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2, first identified in late 2019, has given rise to numerous variants of concern (VOCs), posing a significant threat to human health. The emergence of Omicron BA.1.1 towards the end of 2021 led to a pandemic in early 2022. At present, the lethal mouse model for the study of SARS-CoV-2 needs supplementation, and the alterations in neutrophils and monocytes caused by different strains remain to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human ACE2 transgenic mice were inoculated with the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.1, respectively. The pathogenicity of the two strains was evaluated by observing clinical symptoms, viral load and pathology. Complete blood count, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to detect the alterations of neutrophils and monocytes caused by the two strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that Omicron BA.1 exhibited significantly lower virulence compared to the SARS-CoV-2 prototype in the mouse model. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of neutrophils late in infection with the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.1. We found that the proportion of monocytes increased at first and then decreased. The trends in the changes in the proportions of neutrophils and monocytes induced by the two strains were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides valuable insights into the utility of mouse models for simulating the severe disease of SARS-CoV-2 prototype infection and the milder manifestation associated with Omicron BA.1. SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.1 resulted in similar trends in the changes in neutrophils and monocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity and transcriptomic profiling reveals immunology molecular hallmarks after CA10 virus infection","authors":"Wanjun Peng,&nbsp;Jing Wu,&nbsp;Binbin Zhao,&nbsp;Lihong Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Chen,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wei,&nbsp;Na Rong,&nbsp;Yunlin Han,&nbsp;Jiangning Liu","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12415","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by viral infection by a variety of enteroviruses, with coxsackievirus A 10 (CA10) having become more prevalent in recent years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, models of CA10 infection were established in 7-day-old Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice by intraperitoneal injection to analyze the pathogenicity of the virus. RNA sequencing analysis was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after CA10 infection. Coxsackievirus A 16 (CA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections were also compared with CA10.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After CA10 virus infection, the mice showed paralysis of the hind limbs at 3 days post infection and weight loss at 5 days post infection. We observed viral replication in various tissues and severe inflammatory cell infiltration in skeletal muscle. The RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the DEGs in blood, muscle, thymus and spleen showed heterogeneity after CA10 infection and the most up-regulated DEGs in muscle were enriched in immune-related pathways. Compared with CA16 and EV71 infection, CA10 may have an inhibitory effect on T helper (Th) cell differentiation and cell growth. Additionally, the common DEGs in the three viruses were most enriched in the immune system response, including the Toll-like receptor pathway and the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings revealed a group of genes that coordinate in response to CA10 infection, which increases our understanding of the pathological mechanism of HFMD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"7 5","pages":"717-731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of distinct microbiota associated with androgenetic alopecia patients treated and untreated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP)","authors":"Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Yanan Wang,&nbsp;Cheng Ran,&nbsp;Yingmei Zhou,&nbsp;Zigang Zhao,&nbsp;Tianhua Xu,&nbsp;Hongwei Hou,&nbsp;Yuan Lu","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12414","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12414","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men, and there are many studies on the treatment of hair loss by platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The human scalp contains a huge microbiome, but its role in the process of hair loss remains unclear, and the relationship between PRP and the microbiome needs further study. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP treatment on scalp microbiota composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed PRP treatment on 14 patients with AGA, observed their clinical efficacy, and collected scalp swab samples before and after treatment. The scalp microflora of AGA patients before and after treatment was characterized by amplifying the V3-V4 region of the 16 s RNA gene and sequencing for bacterial identification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that PRP was effective in the treatment of AGA patients, and the hair growth increased significantly. The results of relative abundance analysis of microbiota showed that after treatment, g_<i>Cutibacterium</i> increased and g_<i>Staphylococcus</i> decreased, which played a stable role in scalp microbiota. In addition, g_<i>Lawsonella</i> decreased, indicating that the scalp oil production decreased after treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that PRP may play a role in treating AGA through scalp microbiome rebalancing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"7 2","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}