Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola最新文献

{"title":"Cross-cultural adaptation of the CRS-PRO questionnaire into Spanish","authors":"Juan Maza-Solano ,&nbsp;Ainhoa García-Lliberós ,&nbsp;Xenia Mota-Rojas ,&nbsp;Andrea Barrios ,&nbsp;Christian Calvo-Henríquez ,&nbsp;Isam Alobid ,&nbsp;Serafín Sánchez-Gómez ,&nbsp;Leigh J Sowerby","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent disease responsible for significant morbidity. Diagnostic criteria are well established but response to clinical and surgical treatment need greater consistency. The objective of this paper was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the CRS-PRO to the Spanish language for its use as a routine questionnaire in the evaluation of CRS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The CRS-PRO questionnaire was translated using a three-step procedure in 50 patients, following the recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Native speakers of both European and South American Spanish participated in the translation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the initial 12 items, 4 were discordant among the three translators before a consensus was reached (Step 1). The item “breathe through the nose” (1/12) did not match between the back translation and the initial version of the CRS-PRO (Step 2). Step 3 generated a final revised Spanish version of the CRS-PRO. Fifty patients (average age 51.1, 48% male) completed the questionnaire. Significant gender differences were found in responses to “My face hurt” (<em>P</em> = .043). Significant differences in “My face hurt” also appeared for those completing the questionnaire in less than 80 s (<em>P</em> = .047). Differences in “problems with smell” (<em>P</em> = .039) were noted between chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyposis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study presents the validated and Spanish-adapted version of the CRS-PRO questionnaire to evaluate CRS symptoms in the Spanish-speaking population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":"76 3","pages":"Article 512219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving voice quality in laryngectomy patients with botulinum toxin A","authors":"Gonçalo Caetano ,&nbsp;Filipa Morgado ,&nbsp;Joana Póvoa ,&nbsp;Francisco Branquinho","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tracheoesophageal (TEP) speech is the main voice rehabilitation method following laryngectomy. Pharyngoesophageal hypertonicity is one of the main causes for failure to achieve tracheoesophageal speech after laryngectomy. Botulinum toxin A (BTA) has been used to chemically denervate the pharyngeal musculature, and is an alternative to invasive surgical procedures. The aim of this work is to study the effectiveness and safety of this procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Material &amp; methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study from 2019 to 2023 was performed of 20 patients with failure to achieve a functional tracheoesophageal voice following laryngectomy. These patients undergone local pharyngoesophageal segment BTA injection. A total of 100 units of BTA were injected at 6 different sites, 3 in each side.</div><div>Perceptual ratings of voice quality were performed before and 72 h after BTA injection by a speech therapist using a 7-point equal-appearing interval scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Speech quality mean rating (μ) improved from 2.05 before to 4.55 after BTA injection (<em>P</em> = .004), 17 (85%) patients had an improvement in postinjection perceptual TEP speech quality ratings, with scores in the good-to-excellent range (5–6 in the 7-point equal-appearing interval scale) in 12 patients (60%).</div><div>Three patients (15%) didn’t improve their voice quality, two of them with no discernible TEP speech.</div><div>No adverse effects were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The majority of the patients enrolled in this study (85%) showed an improvement in TEP speech following BTA injection. This is a safe and effective method to improve TEP speech following laryngectomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":"76 3","pages":"Article 512222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory complications in patients undergoing surgery for oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer in a tertiary hospital.","authors":"Marta Zabaleta López, Belén Clemente Cuartero, Pedro Díaz de Cerio Canduela, Nisa Boukichou Abdelkader, Javier Ugedo Urruela","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) is directly related to tobacco and alcohol consumption, which explains why patients with HNC often present comorbidities, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being an example. This condition is underdiagnosed, and various authors have demonstrated how its presence increases the incidence of respiratory complications in patients undergoing surgery for HNC. We conducted a study aimed at evaluating respiratory complications in patients undergoing surgery for HNC at the San Pedro University Hospital (HUSP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted, including all adult patients diagnosed with oral cavity, pharyngeal, or laryngeal carcinoma who underwent surgery at the San Pedro University Hospital (HUSP) in Logroño between 2018 and 2021. Sociodemographic variables, medical history, previous pulmonary evaluation, and respiratory complications were recorded. A two-year follow-up was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 160 patients were included. 74.4% of the patients were men, and the mean age was 72 years. 69.4% had a smoking habit, and 41.2% consumed alcohol. Comorbidities were documented in 82.5% of patients, with hypertension being the most prevalent, while COPD ranked fifth at 8.1%. Prior to surgery, only 16% of patients underwent spirometry, and fewer than 2% were evaluated in the pulmonary clinic. Ten patients (6.25%) developed respiratory complications. Of these, 80% were smokers, and 30% had COPD, yet none had been evaluated in the pulmonary clinic prior to surgery. Diabetes mellitus and non-epidermoid cancer types were significantly associated with complications (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>6.25% of patients who underwent surgery for HNC experienced respiratory complications. Although this rate is lower than those reported in other studies, it is noteworthy. This is especially relevant considering that, despite 30% of these patients having a prior diagnosis of COPD, none were evaluated before surgery to optimise treatment for this condition. These findings underscore the importance of identifying and managing COPD in patients with HNC and the need for further research in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":" ","pages":"512236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic characteristics of the voice of children with cochlear implant.","authors":"F Núñez-Batalla, A Álvarez, I Sandoval, P Sánchez, E Díaz-Fresno, J J Ramírez, M Guntín, J Gómez, J L Llorente, V Suárez-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital profound bilateral hearing loss prevents the correct development of speech and voice. This study assesses certain acoustic parameters of the voice in order to determine their normality in the implanted population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two population groups were studied. A control group consisting of 42 healthy pediatric patients, 22 boys and 20 girls, and a group of 22 pediatric patients, 11 boys and 11 girls with congenital profound hearing loss implanted bilaterally. The variables median pitch, CPPS, jitter rap and shimmer apq5 were evaluated in an isolated phonation exercise and another in connected speech for the phoneme /a/ with the PRAAT program. Student's t-test and Wilcoxcon tests were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant intergroup differences were obtained for all variables in the vowel extracted from connected speech, but not in the sustained vowel. The hearing-impaired population showed some significant differences in the intra-group analysis. The experimental group showed better results in the vocal quality parameters, particularly jitter, shimmer and CPPS showed statistically significant differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early bilateral implantation allows the cochlear implant user to approximate his acoustic values ​​to normative values ​​in terms of pitch, stability, quality and articulatory precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":" ","pages":"512238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical variations of sphenoid sinus on cone beam computed tomography.","authors":"Patrícia Fernandes Lopes, Tatiana Carvalho, Miguel Furtado","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The surgical approach to the sphenoid sinus (SS) is one of the most challenging aspects of endoscopic surgery due to its proximity to critical structures. To minimize risks, computed tomography (CT) aids in navigational guidance. Although cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has lower contrast resolution, it offers improved precision, reduced radiation exposure, and faster imaging, making it a viability as a preoperative tool.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomly selected 75 patients from 707 who underwent CBCT between January and December 2023. Two observers evaluated SS anatomy with consensus. Statistical analyses were conducted using Excel® and Jamovi®.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anatomical variations were documented, with prevalence rates as follows: sphenoethmoidal cell (15%); optic nerve (ON) protrusion (21%) and dehiscence (4%); internal carotid artery (ICA) protrusion (31%) and dehiscence (0%); vidian canal (VC) protrusion (39%) and dehiscence (6%); foramen rotundum (FR) protrusion (23%) and dehiscence (5%); anterior clinoid process (ACP) pneumatization (20%); pterygoid process (PP) pneumatization (33%); conchal (1%), presellar (7%), sellar (36%) and postsellar type (56%) SS; and intersphenoidal septum (47%). Statistically significant correlations were observed between ACP pneumatization and ON protrusion (p < 0.001) and dehiscence (p = 0.018), and ICA protrusion (p = 0.001). PP pneumatization was significantly correlated with VC protrusion (p < 0.001) and dehiscence (p = 0.011), and foramen rotundum protrusion (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Our CBCT findings largely aligned with CT data in existing literature. Due to its faster acquisition and lower radiation exposure, CBCT shows potential as a preoperative evaluation method for assessing the SS.</p>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":" ","pages":"512229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the EPOS 2020 and POLINA 2.0 guidelines for indicating biologic treatment in adults with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps.","authors":"Mireia Golet, Núria Padullés-Zamora, Alejandro Portillo, José María Caballero, Mariana Muñoz Esquerre, Joaquín Sastre, Isam Alobid, Xavier González-Compta","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the volume of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) to whom biologics would be prescribed based on the European and Spanish clinical practice guidelines, and to evaluate the impact that an increase of 1 required prior surgery (from 1 to 2) may have on the number of indications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis evaluating the application of the European Position Paper on CRSwNP Guidelines (EPOS 2020) and the Spanish Consensus on the Management of CRSwNP Guidelines (POLINA 2.0) on an on-going prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with severe CRSwNP in a tertiary hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For a total of 103 patients with severe CRSwNP, 57.3% met EPOS 2020 criteria for biological treatment, whereas only 32% met POLINA 2.0 criteria. However, if the number of surgeries required to prescribe a biological therapy is increased to 2, only 31.1% of the patients would have indication of biological treatment, in any of the two guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The differences among the POLINA 2.0 and the EPOS 2020 guidelines appear to have an impact in the proportion of patients eligible for biological therapies, with the former being stricter. Increasing the number of prior surgeries required, reduces the proportion of patients eligible for monoclonal antibodies prescription.</p>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":" ","pages":"512224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A look at DFNB16 markers and their application in the genetic study of hearing loss in Iranian deaf families.","authors":"Reihane Fazeli-Jezei, Elham Davoudi-Dehaghani","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study of the gene encoding stereocilin (STRC) is complicated by the presence of a pseudogene (STRCP1) with over 98.8% similarity. We analysed the linkage between hearing loss and the DFNB16 locus in consanguineous Iranian deaf families.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A review of previous studies on the DFNB16 locus was conducted to find the smallest regions linked to the STRC gene with no reported crossing-overs, as well as an investigation of short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of the DFNB16 locus using the UCSC, NCBI, and Iranome databases. A total of 36 consanguineous families with at least two individuals affected by autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) were selected for the study. Autozygosity mapping was performed using tag SNP markers linked to the DFNB16 locus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The investigation showed that SNPs are more appropriate for linkage studies in these families than STR markers. In this study 12 distinct haplotypes were identified, with frequencies ranging from 3.1% to 21.8%. Based on the haplotype analysis results and the autozygosity mapping, no linkage was found in any families analysed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In genetic studies of deafness in multi-affected consanguineous families, preliminary screening by autozygosity mapping can be helpful, especially for complicated genes like STRC. If the distance between STRs and the gene under study is significant, SNPs can provide a more effective solution. This study can potentially help to develop a more cost-effective method for genetic testing of STRC-related deafness.</p>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":" ","pages":"512230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where are we heading with sleep medicine? A study of multidisciplinary units in Spain.","authors":"Laura Rodriguez Alcala, Carlos O'Connor-Reina, Carlos Egea, F Javier Puertas, Milagros Merino, Marina Carrasco, Jose Maria Ignacio, Peter Baptista, Guillermo Plaza","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":" ","pages":"512234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps on Eustachian tube dysfunction.","authors":"Francisco Javier García-Callejo, Miguel Juantegui Azpilicueta, María Díaz Ferrer, Pablo Tiziano Guastella Almeida, John Deiver Cardona Henao","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adequate nasal patency has been classically considered a crucial factor in middle ear ventilation. We valued the influence of nasosinusal polyposis on Eustachian tube (ET) function.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A prospective follow-up with all cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) assisted between January 2019 and October 2024 was carried out. Their endoscopic, radiological and clinical characteristics were noted, as well as the presence of a type 2 inflammation context (T2I) and the incidence of middle ear pathology. Polypoid involvement and tubal dysfunction were studied using several scores: Lidholdt's scale, Lund-McKay nasal polyp grading, Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring system, SNOT-22 and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Information was collected from 155 patients, with an incidence of 15,1 cases/100,000 inhabitants. 70,9% showed an T2I profile. This group showed a higher average of cases with acute otitis media and effusion (18,1% vs. 4,4%; P < .001), tympanometric alterations (12,7% vs. 4,4%; P < 0.01), conductive hearing loss (17,2%. vs 4,4%; P < 0.001) and needing for transtympanic drains (9,1% vs. 2,2%; P < .01) than the group without an eosinophilic profile or elevated IgE. The ETDQ-7 score correlated well with the SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy scales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regression analysis revealed that an T2I profile might play a more important role in tubal patency than nasal obstruction. Polyposis may alter ET function, but more likely due to its inflammatory-allergic aetiopathogenesis than to its obstructive nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":" ","pages":"512235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratification of the severity of Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis based on its impact on Quality of Life.","authors":"William Aragonés Sanzen-Baker, José Miguel Villacampa Aubá, Ignacio Alcalá Rueda, Jessica Mireya Santillán Coello, Gonzalo Díaz Tapia, Carlos Cenjor Español, Álvaro Sánchez Barrueco","doi":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.otoeng.2025.512223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis (COS) is a debilitating condition characterized by recurrent inflammation of the salivary glands due to excretory obstruction, significantly impacting patients' quality of life (QoL). The COS Quality of Life Questionnaire (COSQ) has been validated to evaluate QoL in affected patients and to monitor changes post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study included two patient groups with COS-affected glands. The first group of 342 patients completed the COSQ before minimally invasive surgery, while the second group of 215 patients completed both the COSQ and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Scores were analyzed and stratified into four severity categories: mild, moderate, severe, and very severe, based on COSQ outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COSQ scores were distributed as follows: mild (12.87%), moderate (37.13%), severe (34.5%), and very severe (15.21%). A significant correlation was observed between COSQ and VAS scores, particularly in the moderate and severe categories. Stratification allowed for identification of patients with severe symptoms, aiding in tailored management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COSQ effectively assesses QoL in COS patients and aids in stratifying severity. This stratification can guide clinicians in developing personalized treatment strategies, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93855,"journal":{"name":"Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola","volume":" ","pages":"512223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}