Electrochemical science advances最新文献

{"title":"Ultra-Sensitive Amperometric Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Environmental and Biological Matrices Using an ITO Modified With Tungsten Trioxide-Based Nanocomposite","authors":"Amira Nahdi,&nbsp;Mabrouka Ghiloufi,&nbsp;Fathi Touati,&nbsp;Hassouna Dhaouadi,&nbsp;Tobias Schnabel,&nbsp;Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault,&nbsp;Salah Kouass,&nbsp;Hamdi Ben Halima","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although significant progress has been achieved in the electrochemical sensing of ciprofloxacin (CIP), there remains a critical need for highly sensitive and reliable platforms capable of rapid charge transfer and accurate detection at trace levels in complex environmental and biological matrices. In this work, a tungsten trioxide (WO₃)/titanium carbide (TiC)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) ternary nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and structurally characterized by XRD, XPS, FTIR, UV–vis, PL and SEM. UV–vis analysis revealed a reduced band gap for the nanocomposite compared to the individual components, indicating an improved electronic structure and enhanced light absorption. Furthermore, photoluminescence (PL) studies demonstrated a significant reduction in emission intensity, indicating effective charge separation and suppressed electron–hole recombination. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated a significantly enhanced response towards CIP in comparison to the individual components. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed a higher oxidation current, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed a reduced charge transfer resistance, evidencing strong synergistic interactions within the ternary system. This enhanced performance is attributable to the complementary functions of TiC, which improves electrical conductivity, WO₃, which provides numerous electroactive sites, and g-C₃N₄, which facilitates charge transfer and analyte adsorption. The developed sensor demonstrated a broad linear range from 10 to 200 µM ‘CIP’, an ultra-low detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 µM and an exceptional sensitivity of 7.97 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻². Furthermore, the sensor's performance has been demonstrated by the excellent selectivity and satisfactory recoveries in real samples, including river water, tap water and saliva. This demonstrates its practical applicability for environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metal (Pb Ions) and Pharmaceutical Waste (Ciprofloxacin) in Very Low Concentration Using β-NaFeO2","authors":"Md. Sahadat Hossain,&nbsp;Sumaya Tabassum,&nbsp;Israt Jahan Lithi,&nbsp;Priya Paul,&nbsp;Md. Kawsar,&nbsp;Md. Kawcher Alam,&nbsp;Md. Farid Ahmed,&nbsp;Samina Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical techniques as a point of care analysis are drawing the researcher's attention, especially in the case of heavy metal ions (HMIs) detection. In this research, β-NaFeO₂ was synthesized using a wet-chemical precipitation method for the electrochemical detection of HMIs (lead-ions in an aqueous system) and pharmaceutical waste (ciprofloxacin). The synthesized sample was characterized using an x-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer, and so on. An X-ray diffractogram confirmed the formation of an orthorhombic crystal of β-NaFeO₂. FTIR confirmed the presence of Na–O and Fe–O–Fe, indicating the formation of β-NaFeO₂. For the detection of HMIs, glassy carbon electrodes were modified using β-NaFeO₂, which were used as working electrodes. The effectiveness of the modified electrode was evaluated by measuring the sensing ability of the standard potassium ferrocyanide. The excellent sensing performance of the modified electrode for the lead (Pb) ions was found, as the limit of detection (LOD) was 3 × 10⁻⁶ ppm, the limit of quantification was 1 × 10⁻⁵ A/ppm, the sensitivity was 2.6292 A/ppm, and the linear range was 0.001–0.5 ppb. Finally, the modified electrode was also applied to sense antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) in an aqueous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc–Adenine Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Detection of VCAM-1+CD63+ Endothelial Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles","authors":"Cong Minh Nguyen,&nbsp;Nam-Trung Nguyen,&nbsp;Hang Thu Ta","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early detection of vascular inflammation is critical for preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet conventional biomarkers often fail to capture endothelial activation at its onset. Here, we report a dual-aptamer biosensing platform that integrates CD63 aptamer–functionalized zinc–adenine metal–organic frameworks (CD63@ZnMOFs) for extracellular vesicle (EV) isolation with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) aptamer–modified screen-printed gold electrodes for electrochemical detection of VCAM-1⁺CD63⁺ EVs. The CD63@ZnMOF particles enable efficient and gentle capture of total EVs under aqueous conditions, concentrating the target biomarker and eliminating serum interference prior to detection. Differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy clearly demonstrated concentration-dependent responses across 10^7–10⁹ EVs/mL (<i>R</i>² = 0.99). The assays exhibited excellent specificity, distinguishing VCAM-1⁺CD63⁺ EVs from negative controls, and effectively discriminated between healthy and spiked serum samples. This hybrid ZnMOF–aptamer design provides a modular, label-free, and anti-fouling strategy for sensitive detection of endothelial-derived EVs, offering a promising platform for early diagnosis and monitoring of CVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodeposited Tin Catalysts on Carbon Paper Substrates for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formic Acid in a Proton Exchange Membrane Cell","authors":"Hary Devianto,&nbsp;Mitra Eviani,&nbsp;Tirto Prakoso,&nbsp;Dadan Kusdiana,&nbsp;Pramujo Widiatmoko","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design of carbon supports critically governs the viability of electrochemical CO₂ reduction (ECO₂R) in full-cell configurations. Herein, tin (Sn) catalysts were electrodeposited onto two widely used gas diffusion substrates—Toray Carbon Paper (TCP) and Sigracet Carbon Paper (SCP)—to elucidate the role of substrate architecture in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) CO₂ electrolyser. Despite identical catalyst compositions and electrodeposition conditions, Sn/TCP achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 12.82% with only 30% current loss over 180 min, while Sn/SCP collapses by 96% under the same conditions. Detailed structural and electrochemical analyses reveal that TCP's open fibre network and lower resistivity enable uniform Sn nucleation, reduced charge-transfer resistance and a remarkable 20-fold increase in surface area during operation. Conversely, the hydrophobic microporous layer in SCP restricts the accessibility of ions and CO₂, leading to heterogeneous deposition, accelerated instability and catastrophic catalyst detachment. These results demonstrate that carbon support selection is not a passive engineering decision but directly dictates catalyst utilisation, interfacial durability and mass transport performance in practical PEM ECO₂R. Substrate-driven catalyst evolution is introduced as a key design principle for future CO₂-to-formate energy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Characteristics of ZrSnO3 Through First-Principles Calculations for Optoelectronics and Photocatalytic Applications","authors":"Jahid Hasan,&nbsp;Md. Zuel Rana,&nbsp;Ehesanul Hoq,&nbsp;Abdul Barik,&nbsp;M. S. Alam,&nbsp;Md. Hazrat Ali,&nbsp;Afroza Khatun","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We performed first-principles density functional theory calculations to methodically analyse the structural, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of trigonal ZrSnO₃ under external pressure up to 60 GPa with GGA-PBE and HSE06 functionals. The optimised structure retains its crystallographic phase along the entire pressure range and meets Born mechanical stability criteria. The calculated phonon spectra confirm the dynamical stability of ZrSnO₃ in the 0–10 GPa pressure range, where no imaginary frequencies are observed. With increasing pressure, slight imaginary modes appear at 20 and 40 GPa, while clear imaginary frequencies are detected at 60 GPa, indicating the emergence of dynamical instability at higher pressures. Although the Born criterion and elastic constant confirm the mechanical stability of ZrSnO₃ up to 60 GPa. Lattice parameter and unit-cell volume continuously reduce as pressure increases, showing lattice contraction and interatomic bonds becoming stronger. Electronic band-structure calculation has shown that ZrSnO₃ is an indirect band-gap semiconductor, and its energy gap shrinks from 2.57 to 1.13 eV in the HSE06 method, which is an obvious indication of pressure tuning. DOS and PDOS elucidate that oxygen 2p states govern the valence band, while zirconium 4d states mainly contribute to the conduction band, in addition to the tin minor states. Optical characteristics exhibit strong absorption in the visible and UV region, increased optical conductivity, and a large dielectric constant. Due to structural stability, non-toxicity, and tuning of its electronic properties, ZrSnO₃ is considered a highly potential material for photocatalytic processes, UV photodetectors, and pressure-sensitive optoelectronic devices. The material possesses promising band edge potentials, which are favourable in dye degradation and hydrogen generation through water splitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights and Performance Advancements in Flow Capacitive Deionisation for Sustainable Energy Conversion","authors":"Nayan Chandra Roy,&nbsp;Mehedi Hasan,&nbsp;Yeasir Arafath Al-Amin,&nbsp;Monjur Mourshed","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flow capacitive deionisation is an advanced electrochemical technology for water purification and energy-related applications. It represents a viable alternative to conventional desalination methods due to its low operating voltage, continuous electrode regeneration, and stable performance under moderate-to-high salinity conditions. The use of circulating carbon-based flow electrodes prevents electrode saturation and enables sustained ion removal during continuous operation. Recent advances in electrode materials, including activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and conductive additives, have resulted in notable improvements in charge efficiency, salt removal capacity, and energy consumption. Progress in membrane development, current collector configuration, and flow-channel design has further reduced internal resistance and enhanced ion transport efficiency. Various operational strategies, including isolated closed cycle, short-circuited closed cycle, and single cycle modes, have been investigated to optimise electrode regeneration and energy recovery. Integration of flow capacitive deionisation with salinity-gradient energy systems, particularly reverse electrodialysis, offers prospects for energy-neutral or energy-positive desalination. Furthermore, the technology demonstrates strong potential for the selective recovery of valuable and hazardous ions, including lithium, fluoride, ammonium, and heavy metals. This review systematically evaluates material innovations, transport mechanisms, cell architecture, performance metrics, and emerging applications, highlighting flow capacitive deionisation as a scalable and energy-efficient platform for desalination, resource recovery, and hybrid energy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Fast-Charging Capability of NMC811 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries via Cathode Composition and Mechanical Pressure Optimisation","authors":"Alex Roig Fornes,&nbsp;Emre Guney,&nbsp;Kamil Burak Dermenci,&nbsp;Maitane Berecibar","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fast-charging performance of lithium-ion batteries remains a critical barrier to widespread electric vehicle adoption. This study systematically investigates the effects of cathode composition, cathode thickness, and cell internal mechanical pressure on the fast-charging capability of NMC811 (LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂)-based coin half-cells. Different cathode compositions with varying ratios of active material, conductive carbon (Timcal C65), and polyvinylidene fluoride binder were evaluated at two loading levels under both non-pressurised and pressurised conditions. Rate capability tests (0.1–2C) and long-term cycling (200 cycles at 2C charge/C/3 discharge) were performed alongside electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the 85/05/10 compositions (active material/carbon black/binder, wt%) exhibited superior performance, delivering higher specific capacity at 2C charging and better long-term stability compared to other tested compositions. Application of internal mechanical pressure significantly reduced charge transfer resistance and Warburg impedance, particularly benefiting compositions with lower binder content. Thinner electrodes showed improved high-rate performance and cycling stability, though at the expense of areal capacity. This work highlights that increasing conductive agent and binder fractions beyond conventional formulations (&gt;90 wt% active material) enhanced fast-charging capability while maintaining mechanical integrity, offering new design strategies for next-generation battery electrodes. Optimised NMC811 cathodes with increased binder and conductive carbon fractions (85/05/10 wt%) and applied internal pressure exhibit superior fast-charging performance and cycling stability. This study highlights how composition and mechanical pressure synergistically enhance charge transport in Ni-rich lithium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Fast-Charging Capability of NMC811 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries via Cathode Composition and Mechanical Pressure Optimisation","authors":"Alex Roig Fornes,&nbsp;Emre Guney,&nbsp;Kamil Burak Dermenci,&nbsp;Maitane Berecibar","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fast-charging performance of lithium-ion batteries remains a critical barrier to widespread electric vehicle adoption. This study systematically investigates the effects of cathode composition, cathode thickness, and cell internal mechanical pressure on the fast-charging capability of NMC811 (LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂)-based coin half-cells. Different cathode compositions with varying ratios of active material, conductive carbon (Timcal C65), and polyvinylidene fluoride binder were evaluated at two loading levels under both non-pressurised and pressurised conditions. Rate capability tests (0.1–2C) and long-term cycling (200 cycles at 2C charge/C/3 discharge) were performed alongside electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the 85/05/10 compositions (active material/carbon black/binder, wt%) exhibited superior performance, delivering higher specific capacity at 2C charging and better long-term stability compared to other tested compositions. Application of internal mechanical pressure significantly reduced charge transfer resistance and Warburg impedance, particularly benefiting compositions with lower binder content. Thinner electrodes showed improved high-rate performance and cycling stability, though at the expense of areal capacity. This work highlights that increasing conductive agent and binder fractions beyond conventional formulations (&gt;90 wt% active material) enhanced fast-charging capability while maintaining mechanical integrity, offering new design strategies for next-generation battery electrodes. Optimised NMC811 cathodes with increased binder and conductive carbon fractions (85/05/10 wt%) and applied internal pressure exhibit superior fast-charging performance and cycling stability. This study highlights how composition and mechanical pressure synergistically enhance charge transport in Ni-rich lithium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected Reduction of Silver(I) Cyanide Complex by Gold Yields a Surface-Limited Silver Monolayer","authors":"Tzuf Shay Peled,&nbsp;Michal Procházka,&nbsp;Jan Minar,&nbsp;Alex Schechter","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Galvanic replacement reactions (GRR) between gold and silver are widely explored in various coating applications and, in particular, for producing a wide range of nanostructures. In all cases, gold metal complexes had a higher standard potential than silver, and therefore, Au(I) and Au(III) reacted with Ag. In all previously reported GRRs, metallic gold was deposited on top of the silver surface, while silver was oxidised and dissolved into the solution. In this paper, we show a unique case where cyanide ligands flip the reaction direction and lead to a surface-limited reaction. Thus, cyanide ligands from [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ complex stabilize the Au(I) complex dramatically and lower its standard reduction potential. The standard reduction potential of the cyanide gold complex ([Au(CN)₂]⁻) is even lower than the standard reduction potential of the [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ complex (-0.6 and -0.31 V, respectively), so that the silver complex is able to oxidise metallic gold. In this GRR, ultrathin silver film (0.2–0.3 nm) was deposited on top of the gold surface, and the reaction stops after full coverage of the gold surface. Further investigation of this reaction showed it occurs both on Au nanoparticles and electrodeposited and sputtered gold films, with low dependency on the [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected Reduction of Silver(I) Cyanide Complex by Gold Yields a Surface-Limited Silver Monolayer","authors":"Tzuf Shay Peled,&nbsp;Michal Procházka,&nbsp;Jan Minar,&nbsp;Alex Schechter","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Galvanic replacement reactions (GRR) between gold and silver are widely explored in various coating applications and, in particular, for producing a wide range of nanostructures. In all cases, gold metal complexes had a higher standard potential than silver, and therefore, Au(I) and Au(III) reacted with Ag. In all previously reported GRRs, metallic gold was deposited on top of the silver surface, while silver was oxidised and dissolved into the solution. In this paper, we show a unique case where cyanide ligands flip the reaction direction and lead to a surface-limited reaction. Thus, cyanide ligands from [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ complex stabilize the Au(I) complex dramatically and lower its standard reduction potential. The standard reduction potential of the cyanide gold complex ([Au(CN)₂]⁻) is even lower than the standard reduction potential of the [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ complex (-0.6 and -0.31 V, respectively), so that the silver complex is able to oxidise metallic gold. In this GRR, ultrathin silver film (0.2–0.3 nm) was deposited on top of the gold surface, and the reaction stops after full coverage of the gold surface. Further investigation of this reaction showed it occurs both on Au nanoparticles and electrodeposited and sputtered gold films, with low dependency on the [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}