Electrochemical science advances最新文献

{"title":"A Finite Element Model of Transient Galvanic Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy","authors":"Jieshun Tang,&nbsp;Mingyang Gao,&nbsp;Haitao Wang,&nbsp;Daokui Xu,&nbsp;Shu Guo,&nbsp;En-Hou Han","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The environment in which aircraft are used is very complex, and factors such as high salinity, high humidity atmospheric conditions and mechanical loads applied to the aircraft during flight can lead to damage to the fuselage materials and compromise the safety of the aircraft. A large number of mechanical structural components in aircraft consist of aluminium alloys, which are susceptible to mechanical loads that erode mechanical properties and endanger the integrity of the aircraft. A time-dependent numerical model is developed in this study. The model provides insight into the complex effects of mechanical loading on the kinetics of galvanic coupling corrosion of AA7075 (aluminium alloy). Our results clearly show that mechanical loading accelerates galvanic corrosion, and the galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys is significantly accelerated when loading induces plastic deformation; changes in the thickness of the thin liquid film affect the galvanic corrosion of the galvanic coupling model, which is suppressed when the film thickness is increased, and, in general, exhibits a stronger tendency to corrode homogeneously; the galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys is significantly accelerated as the area of cathode increases; the simulation also reveals a higher localisation rate of the model when the boundary load is applied compared to the no-load case in the galvanic coupling corrosion behaviour. The numerical methodology illustrated in this study not only serves as a comprehensive tool for interpreting the intricate relationship between mechanical loading and corrosion behaviour, but also provides a framework for a deeper understanding of this multifaceted phenomenon. In practical applications, the model developed in this study can be used to check the safety of aluminium alloy structural components in service, which can be used as a reference for the design of aircraft wing skins.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Recent Developments in Transition Metal and Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction","authors":"Khatun A. Jannath,&nbsp;Heru Agung Saputra","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400033","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is key in many green energy conversion devices like fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Developing cheap and robust electrocatalysts is crucial to expedite the slow ORR kinetics at the cathode. Lately, transition metal (TM) and heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts have surfaced as promising cathode materials for ORR as they display admirable electrocatalytic activity and distinguished properties like tunable morphology, structure, composition and porosity. This review summarizes the recent breakthrough in TM (Fe, Co, Mn and Ni) and heteroatoms (N, S, B, P and F) doping in carbon materials. Moreover, their ORR activity and active sites are inspected for future augmentation in making ORR catalysts for electrochemical devices. The existing challenges and prospects in this field are ratiocinated in conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface: Micro/Nanodevices for Electrochemical Bioanalysis","authors":"Kaoru Hiramoto,&nbsp;Fei Li","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400044","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Medical and healthcare technology is advancing at a rapid pace, but the world is constantly threatened by new infectious diseases. In addition, progressive diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are increasing worldwide, requiring accurate diagnosis of disease progression and drug response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Detection of biomarkers using electrochemical techniques is promising in terms of its high sensitivity, selectivity, fast temporal response, low-cost instrumentation, and compatibility with other bioanalytical techniques such as DNA amplification, immunosorbent assays, and microfluidic systems. Many electrochemical sensors have been developed to date, and commercialization is also progressing. However, there is still a growing need for devices that can measure in real-time with greater sensitivity to meet the demands of the medical and healthcare applications. This special issue “Micro/Nanodevices for electrochemical bioanalysis” aims to overlook recent advancements in micro/nano electrochemical devices, with a particular focus on the analysis of biological samples, such as nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, and cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The collection begins with an article by Yusuke Kanno et al. reviewing strategies for electrochemical detection of pathogenic nucleic acids. There are a vast number of developments in electrochemical detections of nucleic acids, but they have effectively collected the techniques for on-site testing of pathogenic nucleic acids with a focus on 2019 and beyond so that readers can follow the latest advances in the field. The second article, by Kyoko Sugiyama et al., presents a new means of immobilizing glucose oxidase on an electrode using the layer-by-layer technique. As also mentioned in Kanno's review, electrode functionalization methods are very important for the development of sensitive molecular recognition sites on electrochemical sensors. The method provided by Sugiyama et al. can be a versatile means for the immobilization of enzymes and it is promising for the application of other enzyme reaction-specific sensors. Finally, Ino et al. present porous membrane electrodes as an emerging platform for bioanalysis. The review ranges from general fabrication techniques of porous membrane electrodes to their applications in biosensors and cell analysis. Although porous membranes have initially been developed as separators and desalination materials, they showcased the unique aspects of porous membrane electrodes as a promising substrate for biosensing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Consequently, miniaturization of electrochemical devices to the micro- and nanoscale is a mainstream way to achieve highly sensitive electrochemical sensors. However, in order to overcome the specific difficulties of working with biological samples, such as biodegradation, the presence of foreign substances, biocompatibility requirements, and solution limitations, it is necessary to continuously investigate the facile and effective ways of electrode modificatio","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Atmospherically Plasma Sprayed Micro Porous Layer for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Operating With Supporting Electrolyte","authors":"Vincent Wilke,&nbsp;Marco Rivera,&nbsp;Tobias Morawietz,&nbsp;Noriko Sata,&nbsp;Lukas Mues,&nbsp;Manuel Hegelheimer,&nbsp;Artjom Maljusch,&nbsp;Patrick Borowski,&nbsp;Günter Schmid,&nbsp;Chen Yie Thum,&nbsp;Malte Klingenhof,&nbsp;Peter Strasser,&nbsp;André Karl,&nbsp;Shibabrata Basak,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Poc,&nbsp;Rüdiger-A. Eichel,&nbsp;Aldo Saul Gago,&nbsp;Kaspar Andreas Friedrich","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is one of the most promising candidates for green hydrogen production needed for the de-fossilization of the global economy. As AEMWE can operate at high efficiency without expensive Platinum Group Metal (PGM) catalysts or titanium cell components, required in state-of-the-art proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEMWE), AEMWE has the potential to become a cheaper alternative in large-scale production of green hydrogen. In AEMWE, the porous transport layer and/or micro porous layer (PTL/MPL) has to balance several important tasks. It is responsible for managing transport of electrolyte and/or liquid water to the catalyst layers (CLs), transport of evolving gas bubbles away from the CLs and establishing thermal and electrical connection between the CLs and bipolar plates (BPPs). Furthermore, especially in case the CL is directly deposited onto the MPL, forming a catalyst-coated substrate (CCS), the MPL surface properties significantly impact CL stability. Thus, the MPL is one of the key performance-defining components in AEMWE. In this study, we employed the flexible and easily upscaled technique of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) to deposit spherical nickel coated graphite directly on a low-cost mesh PTL. Followed by oxidative carbon removal, a nickel-based MPL with superior structural parameters compared to a state-of-art nickel felt MPL was produced. Due to a higher activity of the nickel APS-MPL itself, as well as improved catalyst utilization, a reduction in cell voltage of 63 mV at 2 A cm⁻² was achieved in an AEMWE operating with 1 M KOH electrolyte. This improvement was enabled by the high internal surface area and the unique pore structure of the APS-MPL with a broad pore size distribution as well as the finely structured surface providing a large contacting area to the CLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Platinum Thin Films as Electrodes for High-Temperature and -Pressure Electrochemical Studies in Aqueous Systems","authors":"Muna Abdulaziz,&nbsp;Ariel Petruk,&nbsp;Tony George,&nbsp;Nicolette Shaw,&nbsp;German Sciaini,&nbsp;Liliana Trevani","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work reports a methodology for the fabrication of Pt thin-film electrodes for electrochemical studies in hydrothermal systems. The research process was meticulous, with particular attention paid to the multilayer Ti/Pt/Ti/Al₂O₃ film structure and annealing conditions that are expected to impact the morphology of the films, surface composition and electrochemical response. The findings of this study are significant, as they provide valuable insights into the behaviour of Pt thin-film electrodes in various media and conditions. Two different approaches were adopted for the preparation of the electrodes: in one case, the Ti/Pt/Ti/Al₂O₃ films deposited on sapphire wafers were exposed to rapid thermal annealing at 900°C under argon for 5 min, followed by argon ion milling to etch the final electrode pattern (Pt-RA(900)), while in the other case, uncapped Pt films were annealed, after etching, in a tubular oven under argon at specific temperatures between 200°C and 900°C (Pt-TO). Rapid annealing at 900°C on capped films resulted in the formation of a Pt₃Ti intermetallic alloy with remarkable mechanical and chemical stability even after 10 h of immersion in deionised water, acid (0.1 M H₂SO₄) and alkaline media (0.1 M KOH) conditions at temperatures up to 150°C, despite the dissolution of the Al₂O₃ top layer at 150°C and long immersion times (&gt; 10 h). In the case of uncapped Pt films, diffusion and oxidation of Ti through the Pt film at high temperature resulted in the formation of TiO₂ on the surface of Pt. The results were confirmed by using a comprehensive suite of ex-situ characterisation techniques to follow changes in the Pt electrode surface morphology and composition before and after immersion in H₂O, 0.1 M H₂SO₄ and 0.1 M KOH solutions under argon. Ex-situ electrochemical characterisation studies were also conducted to correlate the changes in the electrode surface properties, including the electrochemical surface area, with different annealing conditions and after various hydrothermal treatments in neutral, alkaline and acidic media.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentiodynamic Polarization Study of PH3 Electrochemical Oxidation","authors":"Ainur Tukibayeva,&nbsp;Abduali Bayeshov,&nbsp;Dina Asylbekova,&nbsp;Laura Aikozova,&nbsp;Aizhan Essentayeva","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the electrochemical behaviour of phosphine in sulphuric acid solutions on the surface of various electrode materials was conducted by voltammetric investigations. The effects of electrode materials such as lead, copper, and platinum electrodes on the PH₃ anodic oxidation were investigated. Polarization curves were recorded by saturating the sulphuric acid solution with phosphine. The results received show that the electrochemical oxidation of phosphine on the lead electrode is accompanied by an oxygen evolution potential and, on the copper electrode, copper (II) ions show catalytic effects. The maximum anodic oxidation of phosphine on a platinum electrode was observed at the potential range of 0.8–1.0 V, and in the presence of copper (II) ions on the polarogram a maximum of phosphine oxidation is recorded at a potential of approximately 0.1–0.2 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic and Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Lactate Sensors: A Review of the Recent Developments","authors":"Heru Agung Saputra,&nbsp;Md Mobarok Karim","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lactate is a useful analytical indicator in various fields. The lactate monitoring benefits from evaluating the body's condition, as excessive muscle use or fatigue can result in injury. Further, it is useful for alerting to emergencies like haemorrhage, hypoxia, respiratory distress, and sepsis. Additionally, the determination of the food's lactate level is very important in examining freshness, storage stability, and fermentation degree. Given such benefits, the determination of lactate in various samples has been widely explored, especially using electrochemical sensor technology. Despite enzymatic sensors being the focus of numerous studies, enzyme-free platforms have gained focus over the last few years to address the matter of enzyme stability. This review article respectfully offers an overview of the concepts, applications, and recent advances of electrochemical lactate detection platforms. A comparison of hot research for enzymatic and enzyme-free lactate sensors in terms of electrode surface engineering, enzymes and their immobilisation matrices, and several analytical parameters, including linear dynamic range, the limit of detection, sensitivity, and stability, have been discussed. In addition, future perspectives have been highlighted in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Hydrogenation of N-Heterocycles and Related Substrates: A Mini-Review","authors":"Esteban Garcia-Torres,&nbsp;David E. Herbert","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Catalytic hydrogenation refers to the (often) metal-mediated addition of dihydrogen (H₂) equivalents to unsaturated compounds to form new element-hydrogen bonds. This conceptually simple reaction is ubiquitous in the production of a vast number of essential chemicals. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of sustainability in manufacturing, the use of fossil-derived hydrogen gas and precious metal catalysts in hydrogenation remains widespread. Electrochemical variants of these processes are an appealing alternative, especially those that can make use of sustainable Brønsted acids, more abundant electrode materials and renewable electricity. In this mini-review, we give a selective overview of electrochemical hydrogenation methodologies for <i>N-</i>heterocycles and some related substrates from the specific perspective of the synthetic chemistry made possible by this increasingly popular approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Microstructures, Oxide Layers, and Charge Transfer Reactions Influence Double Layer Capacitances. Part 2: Equivalent Circuit Models","authors":"Maximilian Schalenbach,&nbsp;Luc Raijmakers,&nbsp;Hermann Tempel,&nbsp;Rüdiger-A. Eichel","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the first part of this study, double layer (DL) capacitances of plane and porous electrodes were related to electrochemical active surface areas based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Here, these measured data are described with equivalent circuit models (ECMs), aiming to critically assess the ambiguity, reliability, and pitfalls of the parametrization of physicochemical mechanisms. For microstructures and porous electrodes, the resistive–capacitive contributions of DL in combination with resistively damped currents in pores are discussed to require the complexity of convoluted transmission line ECMs. With these ECMs, the frequency-dependencies of the capacitances of porous electrodes are elucidated. Detailed EIS or CV data-based reconstructions of complex microstructures are discussed as impossible due to the blending of individual structural features and the related loss of information. Microstructures in combination with charge transfer reactions and weakly conducting parts require parameter-rich ECMs for an accurate physicochemical description of all physicochemical mechanisms contributing to the response. Nevertheless, the data of such a complex electrode in the form of an oxidized titanium electrode are fitted by an oversimplistic ECM, showing how easily unphysical parameterizations can be obtained with ECM-based impedance analysis. In summary, trends in how microstructures, charge transfer resistances and oxide layers can influence EIS and CV data are shown, while awareness for the overinterpretation of ECM-analysis is raised.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyaniline-based synergetic electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction: A review","authors":"Yashly Yesudas K,&nbsp;Gopal Buvaneswari,&nbsp;Annamalai Senthil Kumar","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing impact of industrialization on climate change, primarily due to the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), underscores the urgent need for effective strategies for CO₂ fixation and utilization. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction holds promise in this regard, owing to its scalability, energy efficiency, selectivity, and operability under ambient conditions. However, the activation of CO₂ requires suitable electrocatalysts to lower energy barriers. Various electrocatalysts, including metal-based systems and conducting polymers like polyaniline (PANi), have been identified to effectively lower this barrier and enhance CO₂ reduction efficiency via synergistic mechanisms. PANi is particularly notable for its versatile interaction with CO₂, cost-effectiveness, stability, and tunable properties, making it an excellent catalyst option for CO₂ reduction reactions (CO₂RR). Recent advancements in research focus on enhancing PANi conductivity and facilitating electron transfer through metal and metal oxide doping. Leveraging PANi's π–π electron stabilization ensures high conductivity and stability, rendering it suitable for real-time applications. Strategic dopant selection and optimization of Lewis acid-base interactions are crucial for selective CO₂-to-hydrocarbon conversion. Tailored electrode modifications, especially metal/metal oxide-loaded PANi electrodes, outperform conventional approaches, underscoring the importance of catalyst design in advancing CO₂ electroreduction technologies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the systematic methodology involved in preparing PANi-modified electrodes and explores the enhancements achieved through the incorporation of metals and metal oxides onto PANi-modified electrodes. It highlights the superior efficiency and selectivity of CO₂RR facilitated by these modified electrodes through profound synergistic approach compared to conventional metal electrodes such as platinum.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}