Electrochemical science advances最新文献

{"title":"Electrodeposited p-Cu2O Films – Role of Redox-Active Compounds Under Photoelectrochemical Operation Revisited","authors":"Michael Neumann-Spallart,&nbsp;Dharini Bhagat,&nbsp;Šárka Paušová,&nbsp;Josef Krýsa,&nbsp;Indrajit Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1002/elsa.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The p-type semiconducting copper oxides CuO and Cu₂O are of interest for the conversion of solar energy due to their medium-wide bandgap and the position of their conduction band, allowing for reductive processes in junctions with electrolytes under irradiation. In this work, on Cu₂O, the efficiency of several such processes in competition with self-reduction is critically reviewed and experimentally studied. Up to 2000 nm thick films were obtained via potentiostatic electrodeposition on fluorine-doped tin oxide on glass from alkaline solutions of CuSO₄ using lactic acid as a complexant. The films consisted of a dense arrangement of crystallites as seen by scanning electron microscopy and were of phase pure Cu₂O as shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The films were specular, with an absorption coefficient of 50,000 cm⁻¹ at 480 nm and a direct bandgap of 2.5 eV. In junctions with aqueous electrolytes, the material was found to be p-type. Under electrical bias, cathodic and photocathodic currents passed and increased dramatically when reducible redox compounds were added. The influence of various redox couples (O₂, H₂O₂, and methylviologen [MV, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium]) and their concentration in the electrolyte on the stability of the electrodes was studied. Long-time experiments showed that to avoid degradation of the electrodes, the use of oxygen-saturated solutions was mandatory when no other redox couple was added. H₂O₂-containing electrolytes gave rise to constant photocurrents and no alteration of the electrodes was found by XRD. MV yielded cathodic photocurrents. Reoxidation of its reduced form by dissolved oxygen was necessary in order to hinder dimerization or further reduction to MV⁰ and association of the latter to MV⁰_n, producing a whitish layer on top of the electrodes which led to their inactivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending Equivalent Circuit Models for State of Charge and Lifetime Estimation","authors":"Limei Jin,&nbsp;Franz Philipp Bereck,&nbsp;Josef Granwehr,&nbsp;Christoph Scheurer","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202400024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Equivalent circuit modelling (ECM) of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data is a common technique to describe the state-dependent response of electrochemical systems such as batteries or fuel cells. To use EIS for predictive assessments of the future behaviour of such a system or its state of health (SOH), a more elaborate digital twin model is needed. Developing a robust and continuous SOH estimation poses a formidable challenge. In this study, a framework is presented where ECM parameters are expanded in a high-dimensional Chebyshev space. It facilitates not only a mapping of the state of charge dependence with robust boundary conditions but also an extension towards a more abstract SOH description is possible. Such methods can bridge the gap between the experiment and purely data-driven techniques that do not rely on fitting of experimental data using a priori defined models. In the absence of long-time impedance measurements of a battery, quasi-Monte Carlo sampling can be employed to generate differently aged synthetic battery models with limited experimental impedance data. As additional data becomes available, the space spanning the possible states of a battery can be gradually refined. The developed framework, therefore, allows for the training of big data models starting with very little experimental information and assuming random fluctuations of the model parameters consistent with available data.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Finite Element Model of Transient Galvanic Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy","authors":"Jieshun Tang,&nbsp;Mingyang Gao,&nbsp;Haitao Wang,&nbsp;Daokui Xu,&nbsp;Shu Guo,&nbsp;En-Hou Han","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202400031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The environment in which aircraft are used is very complex, and factors such as high salinity, high humidity atmospheric conditions and mechanical loads applied to the aircraft during flight can lead to damage to the fuselage materials and compromise the safety of the aircraft. A large number of mechanical structural components in aircraft consist of aluminium alloys, which are susceptible to mechanical loads that erode mechanical properties and endanger the integrity of the aircraft. A time-dependent numerical model is developed in this study. The model provides insight into the complex effects of mechanical loading on the kinetics of galvanic coupling corrosion of AA7075 (aluminium alloy). Our results clearly show that mechanical loading accelerates galvanic corrosion, and the galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys is significantly accelerated when loading induces plastic deformation; changes in the thickness of the thin liquid film affect the galvanic corrosion of the galvanic coupling model, which is suppressed when the film thickness is increased, and, in general, exhibits a stronger tendency to corrode homogeneously; the galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys is significantly accelerated as the area of cathode increases; the simulation also reveals a higher localisation rate of the model when the boundary load is applied compared to the no-load case in the galvanic coupling corrosion behaviour. The numerical methodology illustrated in this study not only serves as a comprehensive tool for interpreting the intricate relationship between mechanical loading and corrosion behaviour, but also provides a framework for a deeper understanding of this multifaceted phenomenon. In practical applications, the model developed in this study can be used to check the safety of aluminium alloy structural components in service, which can be used as a reference for the design of aircraft wing skins.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Recent Developments in Transition Metal and Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction","authors":"Khatun A. Jannath,&nbsp;Heru Agung Saputra","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202400033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is key in many green energy conversion devices like fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Developing cheap and robust electrocatalysts is crucial to expedite the slow ORR kinetics at the cathode. Lately, transition metal (TM) and heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts have surfaced as promising cathode materials for ORR as they display admirable electrocatalytic activity and distinguished properties like tunable morphology, structure, composition and porosity. This review summarizes the recent breakthrough in TM (Fe, Co, Mn and Ni) and heteroatoms (N, S, B, P and F) doping in carbon materials. Moreover, their ORR activity and active sites are inspected for future augmentation in making ORR catalysts for electrochemical devices. The existing challenges and prospects in this field are ratiocinated in conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentiodynamic Polarization Study of PH3 Electrochemical Oxidation","authors":"Ainur Tukibayeva,&nbsp;Abduali Bayeshov,&nbsp;Dina Asylbekova,&nbsp;Laura Aikozova,&nbsp;Aizhan Essentayeva","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202400025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the electrochemical behaviour of phosphine in sulphuric acid solutions on the surface of various electrode materials was conducted by voltammetric investigations. The effects of electrode materials such as lead, copper, and platinum electrodes on the PH₃ anodic oxidation were investigated. Polarization curves were recorded by saturating the sulphuric acid solution with phosphine. The results received show that the electrochemical oxidation of phosphine on the lead electrode is accompanied by an oxygen evolution potential and, on the copper electrode, copper (II) ions show catalytic effects. The maximum anodic oxidation of phosphine on a platinum electrode was observed at the potential range of 0.8–1.0 V, and in the presence of copper (II) ions on the polarogram a maximum of phosphine oxidation is recorded at a potential of approximately 0.1–0.2 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic and Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Lactate Sensors: A Review of the Recent Developments","authors":"Heru Agung Saputra,&nbsp;Md Mobarok Karim","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202400021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lactate is a useful analytical indicator in various fields. The lactate monitoring benefits from evaluating the body's condition, as excessive muscle use or fatigue can result in injury. Further, it is useful for alerting to emergencies like haemorrhage, hypoxia, respiratory distress, and sepsis. Additionally, the determination of the food's lactate level is very important in examining freshness, storage stability, and fermentation degree. Given such benefits, the determination of lactate in various samples has been widely explored, especially using electrochemical sensor technology. Despite enzymatic sensors being the focus of numerous studies, enzyme-free platforms have gained focus over the last few years to address the matter of enzyme stability. This review article respectfully offers an overview of the concepts, applications, and recent advances of electrochemical lactate detection platforms. A comparison of hot research for enzymatic and enzyme-free lactate sensors in terms of electrode surface engineering, enzymes and their immobilisation matrices, and several analytical parameters, including linear dynamic range, the limit of detection, sensitivity, and stability, have been discussed. In addition, future perspectives have been highlighted in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Microstructures, Oxide Layers, and Charge Transfer Reactions Influence Double Layer Capacitances. Part 2: Equivalent Circuit Models","authors":"Maximilian Schalenbach,&nbsp;Luc Raijmakers,&nbsp;Hermann Tempel,&nbsp;Rüdiger-A. Eichel","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202400010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the first part of this study, double layer (DL) capacitances of plane and porous electrodes were related to electrochemical active surface areas based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Here, these measured data are described with equivalent circuit models (ECMs), aiming to critically assess the ambiguity, reliability, and pitfalls of the parametrization of physicochemical mechanisms. For microstructures and porous electrodes, the resistive–capacitive contributions of DL in combination with resistively damped currents in pores are discussed to require the complexity of convoluted transmission line ECMs. With these ECMs, the frequency-dependencies of the capacitances of porous electrodes are elucidated. Detailed EIS or CV data-based reconstructions of complex microstructures are discussed as impossible due to the blending of individual structural features and the related loss of information. Microstructures in combination with charge transfer reactions and weakly conducting parts require parameter-rich ECMs for an accurate physicochemical description of all physicochemical mechanisms contributing to the response. Nevertheless, the data of such a complex electrode in the form of an oxidized titanium electrode are fitted by an oversimplistic ECM, showing how easily unphysical parameterizations can be obtained with ECM-based impedance analysis. In summary, trends in how microstructures, charge transfer resistances and oxide layers can influence EIS and CV data are shown, while awareness for the overinterpretation of ECM-analysis is raised.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyaniline-based synergetic electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction: A review","authors":"Yashly Yesudas K,&nbsp;Gopal Buvaneswari,&nbsp;Annamalai Senthil Kumar","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202400007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing impact of industrialization on climate change, primarily due to the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), underscores the urgent need for effective strategies for CO₂ fixation and utilization. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction holds promise in this regard, owing to its scalability, energy efficiency, selectivity, and operability under ambient conditions. However, the activation of CO₂ requires suitable electrocatalysts to lower energy barriers. Various electrocatalysts, including metal-based systems and conducting polymers like polyaniline (PANi), have been identified to effectively lower this barrier and enhance CO₂ reduction efficiency via synergistic mechanisms. PANi is particularly notable for its versatile interaction with CO₂, cost-effectiveness, stability, and tunable properties, making it an excellent catalyst option for CO₂ reduction reactions (CO₂RR). Recent advancements in research focus on enhancing PANi conductivity and facilitating electron transfer through metal and metal oxide doping. Leveraging PANi's π–π electron stabilization ensures high conductivity and stability, rendering it suitable for real-time applications. Strategic dopant selection and optimization of Lewis acid-base interactions are crucial for selective CO₂-to-hydrocarbon conversion. Tailored electrode modifications, especially metal/metal oxide-loaded PANi electrodes, outperform conventional approaches, underscoring the importance of catalyst design in advancing CO₂ electroreduction technologies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the systematic methodology involved in preparing PANi-modified electrodes and explores the enhancements achieved through the incorporation of metals and metal oxides onto PANi-modified electrodes. It highlights the superior efficiency and selectivity of CO₂RR facilitated by these modified electrodes through profound synergistic approach compared to conventional metal electrodes such as platinum.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Speed AFM Observation of Electrolytic Hydrogen Nanobubbles During Potential Scanning","authors":"Ryuto Ohashi,&nbsp;Mikito Ueda,&nbsp;Hisayoshi Matsushima","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nano-sized bubbles (NBs: nanobubbles) have attracted attention in various fields such as physics, engineering, medicine and agriculture for fundamental and practical reasons. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has revealed the occurrence of NBs and discovered their flattened shape. However, their dynamic behaviours have not yet been discussed much owing to the slow scanning speed. The existence of these energetically unfavourable structures is still controversial owing to the lack of studies on bubble-like behaviour of NB such as aggregation, growth and dissolution. Recently developed high-speed AFM (HS-AFM) can observe nano-interface phenomena at a speed of 0.5 frame s⁻¹. In this study, HS-AFM was applied to electrolytic H₂ NBs. We successfully observed NB nucleation, growth and dissolution during a potential scan. Image analysis revealed flattened nuclei with heights of less than 10 nm. The NBs remained stable for a short period after the hydrogen evolution stopped, and they rapidly dissolved at the anodic potential. As the potential sweep was repeated, the number of NB nuclei increased. This is the first study showing the dynamic motion of NBs during the potential sweep by AFM. Videos captured by HS-AFM make NB existence more certain. This research contributes not only to the NB study but also to the clarification of the gas evolution mechanism on electrodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Contributions: Svante August Arrhenius (1859–1927)","authors":"Evgeny Katz","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202400020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202400020","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Svante August Arrhenius (Figure 1) was a Swedish scientist, educated as a physicist, but mostly contributed to chemistry. He established a new scientific filed of &lt;i&gt;physical chemistry&lt;/i&gt;. Although he was not the only founder of this novel area combining physics and chemistry, his work was critically important for formulation and methodology of physical chemistry (Figure 2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most important scientific contribution made by Arrhenius was invention of the electrolytic dissociation theory. This theory explained ionic conductivity in salt/acid/base-solutions and provided background for research of electrochemical processes, including electroanalytical chemistry, electrolysis and battery chemistry. The first formulation of this theory, presently known as the Arrhenius dissociation theory, was made in his PhD thesis submitted in 1884: “&lt;i&gt;Recherches sur la conductibilite galvanique des electrolytes&lt;/i&gt;” (Investigations on the galvanic conductivity of electrolytes). The theoretical assumption made by him was well supported with extensive experimental work made by Arrhenius, still being a student. The electrical conductivity in aqueous solutions of salts, acids and bases was explained by splitting the dissolved molecules or crystals in ions (positively charged cations and negatively charged anions). Particularly for acids and bases, he suggested their definitions based on generation of H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and OH&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; ions in the case of acids and bases, respectively. This definition of the acids and bases still keeps his name: Arrhenius acids and Arrhenius bases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Arrhenius theory had some connections to the early work made by Michael Faraday (English scientist, 1791–1867). Faraday, while studying electrolysis process, also proposed generation of cations and anions supporting conductivity in solutions. However, Faraday believed that their formation proceeds at electrode surfaces only upon pathing electric current through solutions. This explanation is incorrect according to the modern science. The Arrhenius theory proposed the cation and anion formation just upon dissolution of salts, acids, or bases, regardless the electric current applied. The dissociation of molecules into cations and anions (&lt;b&gt;x2&lt;/b&gt;), according to the Arrhenius theory, proceeds due to weakening polaric chemical bonds in solutions based on solvents with the high dielectric constants (high polarity of the solvent molecules, water in the original Arrhenius work). This explanation appears to be correct.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting to note that the theory of the electrolytic dissociation was so much novel that it was poorly accepted by the scientific community, particularly, his PhD thesis received a low score. Notably, later his theory was awarded with the Nobel Prize. Arrhenius received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903, becoming the first Nobel laureate in Sweden. Shortly after that, in 1905, Arrhenius became the director of the Nobel Institute, where he remaine","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202400020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}