Exploration of immunology最新文献_第9页

Advances in innate immune memory of macrophages 巨噬细胞先天免疫记忆研究进展

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00060

S. Khan, M. U. Khan

引用次数: 2

Cytokines and pregnancy complications: modulation for prevention and treatment 细胞因子与妊娠并发症的防治

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00059

R. Raghupathy

{"title":"Cytokines and pregnancy complications: modulation for prevention and treatment","authors":"R. Raghupathy","doi":"10.37349/ei.2022.00059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2022.00059","url":null,"abstract":"“There is many a slip twist the cup and the lip” is a proverb that dates back to the 3rd century. This proverb comes to mind while writing a review on pregnancy loss; so many complications can occur between fertilization and development of the embryo through the long period of gestation until successful delivery of the baby. These include failure of implantation of the embryo, spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester, pre-eclampsia in the second trimester, premature rupture of fetal membranes, pre-term labour, and pre-term delivery. The maternal immune system which does a phenomenal job of protecting the host from a daunting variety of infections, sometimes also mounts adverse reactions that complicate pregnancy and endanger the fetus. Maternal immune reactions that can adversely affect pregnancy have been shown to be mediated by lymphocytes, macrophages and natural killer cells, and by cytokines secreted by these cellular effectors. This review summarizes the deleterious effects of cytokines leading to recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and pre-term delivery, which are the major complications of pregnancy. It then goes on to discuss the potential use of progesterone and dydrogesterone, an orally-administered progestogen, as immunomodulatory molecules that can be considered for the prevention and/or treatment of these complications.","PeriodicalId":93552,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Polycystic ovary syndrome and immune deregulation: what do hormones want to say? 多囊卵巢综合征与免疫失调：激素想说什么？

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00058

Betcy Susan Johnson, M. Laloraya

引用次数: 0

A multispectral immunohistochemistry panel to investigate γδ T cells and butyrophilin molecules in the tumour microenvironment 肿瘤微环境中γδ T细胞和嗜丁酸蛋白分子的多光谱免疫组化研究

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00057

Jessica da Gama Duarte, Luke T. Quigley, Elnaz Tavancheh, Simone Ostrouska, A. Behren

{"title":"A multispectral immunohistochemistry panel to investigate γδ T cells and butyrophilin molecules in the tumour microenvironment","authors":"Jessica da Gama Duarte, Luke T. Quigley, Elnaz Tavancheh, Simone Ostrouska, A. Behren","doi":"10.37349/ei.2022.00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2022.00057","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional immunohistochemistry methods though once fundamental for the individual staining of cell markers, have now been superseded by multispectral immunohistochemistry (mIHC). mIHC enables simultaneous detection of multiple cell markers in situ using single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. In addition to conserving patient tissue specimens, the ability to visualise more than one marker on individual cells allows for further refining of cell phenotypes, and provides insight into cell-to-cell interactions and spatial arrangements across single tissue sections. Here, a comprehensive protocol is described for the in situ interrogation of γδ T cells and phosphoantigen-presenting butyrophilin (BTN) molecules (BTN2A1 and BTN3A1) in human FFPE tissue using Opal™ tyramide signal amplification (TSA)-based mIHC. It is demonstrated that an effectively optimised Opal™-TSA 7-marker [CD3, Pan-γδ T cell receptor (TCR), granzyme B, BTN2A1, BTN3A1, tumour marker, 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)] mIHC panel can be used to define the presence, localisation, and activation status of γδ T cells and the BTN2A1 and BTN3A1 ligands.","PeriodicalId":93552,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44699848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inviting regulatory T cells to pregnant endometrium: friends or foes in adverse pregnancy outcomes? 诱导调节性T细胞进入妊娠子宫内膜:不良妊娠结局的朋友还是敌人?

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00056

S. Cheng, Zhengke Wang, Surendra Sharma

引用次数: 0

The influence of reproductive hormones on systemic lupus erythematosus 生殖激素对系统性红斑狼疮的影响

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00055

R. Sachdeva, R. Pal

{"title":"The influence of reproductive hormones on systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"R. Sachdeva, R. Pal","doi":"10.37349/ei.2022.00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2022.00055","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are afflicted by a wide spectrum of autoimmune disorders, ranging from those affecting just one or a few organs to those associated with more systemic effects. In most instances, the etiology of such disorders remains unknown; a consequence of this lack of knowledge is a lack of specific treatment options. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic systemic autoimmune disorder; pathology is believed to be antibody-mediated, and multiple organs are targeted. Periods of disease “flares” are often followed by long periods of remission. The fact that SLE is more commonly observed in females, and also that it more particularly manifests in females in the reproductive age group, has quite naturally drawn attention to the potential roles that hormones play in disease onset and progression. This review attempts to shed light on the influences that key hormones might have on disease indicators and pathology. Databases (Google Scholar, PubMed) were searched for the following keywords (sometimes in certain combinations), in conjunction with the term “lupus” or “SLE”: autoantibodies, recurrent abortion, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), preeclampsia, pre-term delivery, estrogens, progesterone, androgens, prolactin, leptin, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Cited publications included both research articles and reviews.","PeriodicalId":93552,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45778414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensing of viral lung infections by cGAS-STING cGAS STING检测病毒性肺部感染

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00052

L. Fang, M. Roth

{"title":"Sensing of viral lung infections by cGAS-STING","authors":"L. Fang, M. Roth","doi":"10.37349/ei.2022.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2022.00052","url":null,"abstract":"Lower respiratory tract infections caused over 4 million deaths per year worldwide, especially in low-income countries. Viral respiratory infections often occur as rapidly spreading seasonal endemic or epidemic, and sometimes due to new respiratory viruses including corona viruses. The first level of host defense against viral infection is based on the innate immune system and intracellular killing mechanisms. The latter is activated by the release of viral DNA or RNA into the cytosol of the infected cells during the initial phase of virus replication. Viral DNA and RNA are recognized by the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) sensing pathway, leading to the activation of type-I and -III IFN synthesis, with the aim to limit viral replication. However, the efficacy of the cGAS-STING sensing mechanism seems to vary with different viruses, and therefore, so is the efficacy of the host defense mechanism. Viral DNA can be sensed by different proteins including DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulating factor (DAI), cGAS, and toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9). Viral RNA is recognized by retinoid acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1), TLR-7 and TLR-8. The question if cGAS also recognizes viral RNA remains unclear. The activation of IFN synthesis by cGAS is initiated by the recognition of purines and pyrimidines and their enzymatic conversion into cGMP and cyclic AMP (cAMP), followed by the activation of STING. In addition, it is indicated that several viruses can evade the cGAS-STING signaling and escape the host defense. This review aims to summarize the role of cGAS-STING as a host defense mechanism against viral respiratory tract infections.","PeriodicalId":93552,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47401045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Janus face of sepsis: a viewpoint Janus面对败血症:一个观点

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00051

M. Bauer, R. Wetzker

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic and prophylactic applications of self-replicating RNA viruses 自我复制RNA病毒的治疗和预防应用

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00050

K. Lundstrom

引用次数: 1

SARS-CoV-2: overview of immune response, insights into vaccine platforms and their challenges 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型：免疫反应概述、对疫苗平台的见解及其挑战

Exploration of immunology Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00049

B. Omar, Arpana Singh, Vanya Singh, Ashish Kothari, Manju O. Pai

引用次数: 0