Cytokines and pregnancy complications: modulation for prevention and treatment

R. Raghupathy
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

“There is many a slip twist the cup and the lip” is a proverb that dates back to the 3rd century. This proverb comes to mind while writing a review on pregnancy loss; so many complications can occur between fertilization and development of the embryo through the long period of gestation until successful delivery of the baby. These include failure of implantation of the embryo, spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester, pre-eclampsia in the second trimester, premature rupture of fetal membranes, pre-term labour, and pre-term delivery. The maternal immune system which does a phenomenal job of protecting the host from a daunting variety of infections, sometimes also mounts adverse reactions that complicate pregnancy and endanger the fetus. Maternal immune reactions that can adversely affect pregnancy have been shown to be mediated by lymphocytes, macrophages and natural killer cells, and by cytokines secreted by these cellular effectors. This review summarizes the deleterious effects of cytokines leading to recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and pre-term delivery, which are the major complications of pregnancy. It then goes on to discuss the potential use of progesterone and dydrogesterone, an orally-administered progestogen, as immunomodulatory molecules that can be considered for the prevention and/or treatment of these complications.
细胞因子与妊娠并发症的防治
“杯子和嘴唇之间有很多失误”是一句可以追溯到3世纪的谚语。这句谚语是在写一篇关于流产的评论时想到的;从受精到胚胎发育,在漫长的妊娠期直到成功分娩,都会出现许多并发症。其中包括胚胎植入失败、妊娠早期自然流产、妊娠中期先兆子痫、胎膜早破、早产和早产。母体免疫系统在保护宿主免受各种令人生畏的感染方面发挥了非凡的作用,有时还会产生不良反应,使妊娠复杂化并危及胎儿。可能对妊娠产生不利影响的母体免疫反应已被证明是由淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和自然杀伤细胞以及这些细胞效应物分泌的细胞因子介导的。本文综述了细胞因子导致复发性自然流产、先兆子痫和早产的有害影响,这些都是妊娠的主要并发症。然后,它继续讨论孕酮和dydrogesterone(一种口服孕激素)作为免疫调节分子的潜在用途,可以考虑用于预防和/或治疗这些并发症。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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