International journal of health research and innovation最新文献_第5页

Working School Children in a Nigerian Community: Revisiting the Issues 尼日利亚社区的打工学校儿童:重新审视问题

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70430

E. Owoaje, O. Ige, E. Bamgboye

{"title":"Working School Children in a Nigerian Community: Revisiting the Issues","authors":"E. Owoaje, O. Ige, E. Bamgboye","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70430","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The prevalence, risk factors and effects of work on school performance and health consequences of child labour among school children in a rapidly urbanising community in south west Nigeria was assessed. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 386 Junior Secondary School students was conducted. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on the students’ socio-demographic characteristics, history of child labour activities, and recent history of illness. The academic records of the students were also reviewed. Results: The prevalence of child labour was 72.5%, the median number of hours spent working per week was 18 hours (range 2- 56 hours). The main reason for working was to augment the family income (37.6%). Child labour was commoner among those: whose mothers were not educated; who had four to eight siblings, and who had a working sibling. Higher proportions of working children had repeated a class and had failed the previous term’s examinations. More of the working children reported being ill and injured in the previous term. Conclusion: Child labour is quite common in this area and is associated with negative academic and health outcomes. Multidisciplinary programmes targeted at reducing the practice should be developed. Keywords: Child labour, secondary school students, south west Nigeria","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"73 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74548484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

A Study of Reproductive Morbidities among Women Reporting to Primary and Tertiary Care Centres in and around Delhi 德里及其周边地区向初级和三级保健中心报告的妇女生殖发病率的研究

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70432

S. Rajani, Harsha S Gaikwad, V. Tripathi, S. Salhan

{"title":"A Study of Reproductive Morbidities among Women Reporting to Primary and Tertiary Care Centres in and around Delhi","authors":"S. Rajani, Harsha S Gaikwad, V. Tripathi, S. Salhan","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70432","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess reproductive morbidities among women reporting to a tertiary and a primary health centres in and around Delhi, India. Methods: 581 women (388 were from Safdarjung Hospital and 193 from the Primary Health Centre in Najafgarh) of all age groups who attended the gynecological out-patient departments at both centres were interviewed using a structured questionnaire comprising of questions relating to general socio-demographic information and the reasons for coming to the centre and examined. These were categorized into gynecological, obstetrical or contraceptive after obtaining a detailed history. Results: The frequency of reproductive morbidities in the present study was observed to be quite high with gynecological conditions being the most common (88.64%), followed by obstetric (65.93%) and contraceptive (11.53%) morbidities. Conclusion: Gynaecological conditions were the major reasons while the women visited the healthcare facilities. Early identification of RTIs and other types of morbidities needs to be encouraged through regular check-ups. The antenatal clinics also need to be strengthened in order to ensure better obstetric health care. Keywords: Contraceptive, Gynecology, Morbidity, Obstetrics, RTI.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"53 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91044592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Anthelmintic Activity of Extracts of Aerial Parts of Tephrosia spinosa (L.f.) Pres 棘毛茛(Tephrosia spinosa)地上部分提取物的驱虫活性总统

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70436

K. Ilango, Ar Xavier, T. Subburaju

引用次数: 3

Assessing the Knowledge of Asthma Among Community Pharmacists in Edo State 江户州社区药师哮喘知识评估

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-10 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55427

V. Odili, Felix T Ajayi

{"title":"Assessing the Knowledge of Asthma Among Community Pharmacists in Edo State","authors":"V. Odili, Felix T Ajayi","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55427","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the knowledge of community \u0000pharmacists about asthma and its management. \u0000Methods: Seventy-six registered community pharmacists in \u0000Edo State completed a structured questionnaire consisting of open and close ended questions which addressed issues relating to their knowledge of asthma \u0000Results: The mean knowledge score of the pharmacists was 8.04±1.79 over a maximum possible score of 14 (range of 4 to 14) corresponding to 57.4% which was thought to be average performance. Respondents performed best in issues relating to the definition of asthma and recognizing the features of asthma symptoms while areas of knowledge deficiency included recognizing the main symptoms of asthma, factors that can cause asthmatic attacks and the proper mode of delivering asthma medications. The knowledge of the respondents was unrelated to gender, age, additional qualifications and location of their premises. Pharmacists who had received a recent training on asthma had statistically significant higher scores (p=0.04). Cconclusion: The knowledge of asthma by the community pharmacists surveyed was average. These results bring into \u0000focus the need for community pharmacists to undergo \u0000continuing professional education in order to update their \u0000knowledge and skills. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Knowledge, Community pharmacists, Asthma, \u0000Benin City.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86776169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Comparative bioequivalence assessment of aspirin tablets marketed in Nigeria 在尼日利亚销售的阿司匹林片的比较生物等效性评价

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-10 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55439

E. A. Bamigbola, M. Ibrahim, A. Attama, J. Arute

{"title":"Comparative bioequivalence assessment of aspirin tablets marketed in Nigeria","authors":"E. A. Bamigbola, M. Ibrahim, A. Attama, J. Arute","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55439","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In the last few years, aspirin has become a life saver against cardiovascular accidents. This investigation was carried out to determine possible bioequivalence between regular aspirin and soluble aspirin tablets marketed in Nigeria. Methods: The in vivo bioavailability profiles of three commercial brands of aspirin tablets and soluble aspirin tablets were assessed in eight healthy \u0000subjects. Pharmacokinetic parameters including \u0000amounts of aspirin excreted up to 24h (E24h), maximum excretion rate (dE/dt)max and time for maximum excretion rate (Tmax) were compared for all the brands. Results: There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the maximum excretion rates among all the brands but the amount of soluble aspirin excreted up to 24 hours was a significantly different (p< 0.05) from one of the regular brands of aspirin. The soluble brand had significantly lower Tmax (p < 0.05) than all the three plain brands. There was no significant inter-subject variation among the \u0000subjects that participated in the study. Conclusion: Bioinequivalence exists between some regular aspirin and soluble aspirin marketed in Nigeria. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Soluble aspirin, aspirin, pharmacokinetic parameters, in vivo bioequivalence","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86403145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Drug polymorphism: a review 药物多态性:综述

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-10 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55423

M. Saifee, Nazma Inamdar, Dinesh Dhamecha, Amit A Rathi

{"title":"Drug polymorphism: a review","authors":"M. Saifee, Nazma Inamdar, Dinesh Dhamecha, Amit A Rathi","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55423","url":null,"abstract":"Formulators are charged with the responsibility of formulating a product which is physically and chemically stable, and bioavailable. Solid-state properties including polymorphism, solvate and salt formation can have a profound impact on important properties (solubility & stability) that are essential for successful development of drug candidates. Crystallization of pharmaceutically active ingredients, particularly those that possess multiple polymorphic forms, are among the most critical and least understood pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Many process and product failures can be traced to a poor understanding and control of crystallization processes. Most drugs exhibits structural polymorphism and it is desirable to develop the most thermodynamically stable polymorph of the drug to assure reproducible bioavailability of the product over its shelf-life under a variety of real world storage conditions. There are \u0000occasional situations in which development of a meta-stable crystalline or amorphous form is justified to achieve the desired medical benefit. Such situation includes those in which faster dissolution rates or higher concentrations are desired in order to achieve rapid absorption and the efficiency or to achieve acceptable systemic exposure for low solubility drugs. This article briefly reviews the basic principle of polymorphism, different classes of phase transformations, the underlying transformation mechanisms with respective kinetic factors and hence the impact of polymorphism on \u0000pharmaceutical formulations. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Bioavailability, Crystallization, Polymorphism.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82305684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Psychosocial Characteristics of Patients Admitted to a Drug Rehabilitation Unit in Nigeria 尼日利亚一家戒毒康复中心收治的患者的社会心理特征

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-10 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55431

G. Eze, B. Jame, J. Omoaregba, R. Osahon

{"title":"Psychosocial Characteristics of Patients Admitted to a Drug Rehabilitation Unit in Nigeria","authors":"G. Eze, B. Jame, J. Omoaregba, R. Osahon","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55431","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To identify the pattern and psychosocial characteristics of alcohol and other psychoactive substance use among patients admitted to a drug treatment unit of a regional psychiatric hospital in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 90 in-patients was conducted over a 6 month period, using a specially designed questionnaire to elicit socio-demographic and personality characteristics. Patterns of psychoactive substance use were obtained by self reporting and corroborated from case notes. Associated psychiatric diagnoses were recorded according to \u0000clinicians’ diagnosis using to the ICD-10. Results: Majority of respondents were single (86.7%), male (92.2%), and unemployed (62.2%) with up to 12 years formal \u0000education (52.2%) and raised by both parents (60%) in \u0000polygamous family settings. Most (52.2%) misused a \u0000combination of psychoactive substances. Some (41.1%) had been using these substances for over 7 yr prior to admission. Psychiatric co-morbidity was infrequent (60%) and the commonest psychiatric diagnosis seen was schizophrenia (23.3%). A minority reported a history of parental use of psychoactive substances. Shy, reserved and sociable traits were seen in a minority of respondents. \u0000Conclusion: Combinations of psychoactive substances are \u0000usually misused by young males from polygamous family \u0000settings. Cannabis use accounts for a high proportion of inpatient admissions. The successful management of substance use disorders needs preventive social strategies among vulnerable groups in resource-poor settings like ours. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: psychoactive substance use, psycho-social, sociodemographic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"4 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88358063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Development and evaluation of a training programme on primary prevention of diabetes for primary care physicians 针对初级保健医生的糖尿病初级预防培训方案的制定和评价

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-10 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55425

Shabana Tharkar, K. Kathiresan, P. Abraham, V. Viswanathan

{"title":"Development and evaluation of a training programme on primary prevention of diabetes for primary care physicians","authors":"Shabana Tharkar, K. Kathiresan, P. Abraham, V. Viswanathan","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55425","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To strengthen the capacity of primary \u0000care physicians in prevention and control of diabetes in Tamilnadu State in India. METHODS: A 2-day workshop focusing on diabetes, its prevention and control was carried out. The impart of the training programme was \u0000evaluated in two parts – (i) knowledge assessment \u0000done by administering a tool to the doctors before \u0000the start and towards the end of the sessions and \u0000(ii) clinical practice assessment - interviewing the \u0000doctors to assess diabetes service delivery, after \u0000six months. RESULTS: A significant improvement in \u0000identification of risk factors and high risk groups, \u0000primary prevention methods, screening and diagnostic procedures and treatment of diabetes by the physicians were observed. After 6 months, considerable improvement in diabetic care delivery to patients at community level was observed and some physicians had started organizing screening and awareness campaigns in their communities. CONCLUSION: Diabetic health care at primary health care level can be considerably improved through sensitization and effective educational \u0000programmes. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Diabetes; Training programme; Primary care physicians.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80522650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Prevalence and susceptibility of salmonella Typhi and salmonella paratyphi in Zaria, Nigeria 尼日利亚扎里亚地区伤寒沙门菌和副伤寒沙门菌的流行和易感性

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-10 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55436

G. Adeshina, N. Osuagwu, C. Okeke, J. Ehinmidu, R. Bolaji

{"title":"Prevalence and susceptibility of salmonella Typhi and salmonella paratyphi in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"G. Adeshina, N. Osuagwu, C. Okeke, J. Ehinmidu, R. Bolaji","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55436","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and susceptibility \u0000pattern of S. typhi and S. paratyhpi isolates in Zaria. \u0000Methods: Blood samples collected from presumptive typhoid fever patients from Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Federal College of Education (FCE) and presumptive typhoid fever patients that attended two private clinics (Salama Clinics and Savanna Polyclinics) in Zaria were cultured for Salmonella species and identified by standard procedures. The susceptibility of the isolated organisms to ten antibiotics and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the methods of \u0000the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. \u0000Results: Salmonella species infection rate at FCE, ABU, Salama Clnics and Savanna Polyclinic were 9.3%, 16.5%, 12.4%, and 17.2%, respectively. 102 Salmonella species (71 S. typhi, 15 S. paratyphi A and 16 S. paratyphi B) were isolated. Unlike ofloxacin and nalidixic acid, there was high resistance (60-100%) of the organisms to ampicillin, amoxicillin, Augumentin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and \u0000tetracycline. The order of susceptibility was ofloxacin > nalidixic acid > nitrofurantoin > co-trimoxazole > chloramphenicol > gentamicin > tetracycline > amoxicillin >ampicillin > Augumentin. Resistance profile of Salmonella species isolated from patients at ABU and FCE were significantly higher than those of the private clinics. \u0000Conclusion: Many antibiotics previously used to treat typhoid fever are no longer effective. Laboratory tests should therefore be a major consideration in the choice of antibiotics for treatment of typhoid fever. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Prevalence, Salmonella species, Antibiotics \u0000susceptibility, Resistance.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81214867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of fruit pulp of limonia acidissima linn 酸柠檬果肉的保肝和抗氧化活性

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-10 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55437

K. Ilango, V. Chitra

{"title":"Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of fruit pulp of limonia acidissima linn","authors":"K. Ilango, V. Chitra","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I4.55437","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the possible hepatoprotective and \u0000antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of fruit pulp of \u0000Limonia acidissima Linn (MELA) against carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in rats. Methods: 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o doses of MELA was administered to group of animals for 10 days. Silymarin (100mg/kg) served as a standard and carbon tetrachloride at a \u0000dose of 0.5 ml/kg i.p was used to induce liver damage. The \u0000various hepatic biochemical parameters like aspartate \u0000transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline \u0000phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TB), \u0000gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and in vivo antioxidant \u0000biochemical parameters like super oxide dismutase (SOD), \u0000catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated to determine the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity. Results: Significant dose dependant hepatoprotective effect of \u0000both doses of MELA was observed (p<0.001). The fruit extract significantly restored the antioxidant enzyme level in the liver cells. Conclusion: MELA exhibited significant dose dependant protective effect against CCl4 induced liver damage which can be mainly attributed to the antioxidant property of the extract. This study rationalized the ethno-medicinal use of the plant for curing hepatic injuries. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Limonia acidissima, hepatoprotective, carbon \u0000tetrachloride, antioxidant enzymes, Silymarin.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90437890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29