International journal of health research and innovation最新文献_第4页

Physical Activity and Smoking Habits in Relation to Weight Status among Lebanese University Students 黎巴嫩大学生体育活动和吸烟习惯与体重状况的关系

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-10-03 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70265

N. Yahia, Abbass Abdallah, A. Achkar, Sandra Rizk

{"title":"Physical Activity and Smoking Habits in Relation to Weight Status among Lebanese University Students","authors":"N. Yahia, Abbass Abdallah, A. Achkar, Sandra Rizk","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70265","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Understanding factors that impact overweight or obesity is an essential step towards formulating programs to prevent or control obesity in young adults. Thus, we aim to assess the prevalence of physical activity and smoking habits in relation to weight status among a sample of university students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 220 students, chosen randomly from the Lebanese American University campus, using a self reported questionnaire that included age, field of study, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and smoking habits. Anthropometric measurements were taken to calculate body mass index. Adiposity measure was determined as percentage body fat using bioelectrical impedance. tensity physical activity practice was observed more among male than female students. Overweight students showed lower physical activity levels compared to normal weight students and higher percentage of body fat. The majority of students reported that they never smoked. Smokers in general were of normal weight than overweight. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the prevalence of physical activity among students was high and it was associated with students’ weight status; whereas, smoking was uncommon. Promoting physical activity, as a weight control strategy, among students especially females is recommended. Keywords: Body mass index; Body fat; Obesity; Overweight; Physical activity; Smoking.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89756886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

In vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq) HM Hernández 紫藤草(Jacq) HM体内抗炎作用Hernández

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-10-03 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70266

M. Agbo, F. Okoye, J. Nwodo

{"title":"In vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq) HM Hernández","authors":"M. Agbo, F. Okoye, J. Nwodo","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70266","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the root extracts and fractions of Zapoteca portoricensis . Methods: The root of Z. portoricensis was extracted with methanol and the extract (ME) subjected to activity-guided fractionation to obtain chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EF) and methanol (MF) fractions. CF was further separated into four column fractions (CF1-CF4). The crude methanol extract and all the fractions were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using eggalbumin induced rat paw edema as a model of inflammation. Results: The crude methanol extract (200 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (P<0.01) anti-inflammatory effect with edema inhibition of 71.9 % at 3 h. At 200 mg/kg, CF exhibited high and significant (P < 0.01) inhibition of edema (59.9 % at 3 h). EF (200 mg/kg) exhibited moderate inhibition of edema (29.8 % at 3 h) while MF (200 mg/kg) did not show any edema inhibition at 3 h. The column fractions CF1, CF3 and CF4 showed high and significant (P < 0.01) inhibition of edema (62.3, 60.9 and 66.7 %) respectively. The activities of these fractions are significantly higher than that of acetyl 100 mg/kg salycilic acid (45.6 % at 3 h). These column fractions on phytochemical analysis were shown to contain mainly terpenoids and steroids. Conclusion: Zapoteca portoricensis possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute inflammation in rats. The terpenoids and steroids present in the column fractions may be responsible for the activity. Keywords: Zapoteca portoricensis ; Anti-inflammatory, Egg albumeninduced edema, Terpenoids; Steroids.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"20 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79063771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Maternal BMI during Pregnancy: Effect on trace elements Status and Pregnancy Outcomes 孕期孕妇BMI:对微量元素状况和妊娠结局的影响

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-10-03 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70270

E. Ugwuja, E. Akubugwo, O. Obidoa, Ama Udu Ibiam

{"title":"Maternal BMI during Pregnancy: Effect on trace elements Status and Pregnancy Outcomes","authors":"E. Ugwuja, E. Akubugwo, O. Obidoa, Ama Udu Ibiam","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70270","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the effects of maternal prenatal body mass index (BMI) on trace elements (copper, iron and zinc) status, haematological parameters and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women in Abakaliki, south-eastern Nigeria. Methods: Plasma levels of copper, iron and zinc of 349 pregnant women (gestational age ≤25 weeks; mean = 21.77±3.14 wks; aged = 15-45 years, mean = 27.04±4.75 yr) were analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer while haematological and biochemical parameters were determined using standard laboratory techniques. Results: Four women (1.1%) were underweight, 40.7% had normal BMI, 35.5% were overweight, 17.2% were obese and 5.4% were morbidly obese. Maternal BMI was significantly positively related to age, parity and socioeconomic status. While a negative relationship was found between plasma copper and maternal BMI, significantly (p < 0.05) lower zinc levels were found in underweight and obese women when compared to women with normal BMI. Maternal anaemia was significantly lower in overweight/obese women. Also maternal BMI was related to one adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: Both high and low prenatal BMI are associated with alterations in trace element status, haemoglobin concentrations and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the face of concurrent deficiencies of micronutrient in this population, as in most developing countries, it appears that maintenance of appropriate weight and food diversification/fortification during pregnancy would be alternative ways of mitigating the consequences associated abnormal prenatal weight. Keywords: Prenatal weight, Plasma Copper, Iron and zinc, Anaemia, Maternal morbidities, Foetal outcomes","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"176 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80674834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Serum Adiponectin and Ghrelin, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Status in Cuban Americans 古巴裔美国人血清脂联素和胃饥饿素、代谢综合征和糖尿病状况

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-10-03 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70273

F. Huffman, K. Sepulveda, M. McLean, Joan A. Vaccaro, G. Zarini

{"title":"Serum Adiponectin and Ghrelin, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Status in Cuban Americans","authors":"F. Huffman, K. Sepulveda, M. McLean, Joan A. Vaccaro, G. Zarini","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70273","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Decreases in circulating adiponectin and ghrelin have been associated with MetS. Our primary aim was to evaluate the relationship of MetS with adiponectin and ghrelin for Cuban Americans with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 367 adults, self identified as Cuban extraction and randomly recruited from a mailing list of Broward and Miami-Dade counties. Fasted whole blood for adiponectin (ADPN) was collected using K3EDTA tubes and measured by ELISA. Ghrelin was assayed with fasted blood plasma by Enzyme Immunometric Assay. MetS and 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) were determined using the ATP III criteria. Results: Adiponectin (F=51.8, R 2 =0.21 p<0.001) and ghrelin (F=12.77, R 2 =0.06, p<0.001) differed by diabetes status (ANOVA) not age and gender. In stepwise linear regression models triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dL negatively corresponded (coefficient = -0.23) with ghrelin levels for persons without diabetes (F=7.45, R 2 =0.053, p=0.007); abdominal obesity and fasting plasma glucose predicted high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) for persons with and without diabetes (F=16.3, R 2 = .144, p <0.001). Conclusion: Low ghrelin levels were associated with MetS regardless of diabetes status. High adiponectin levels were related to a low probability for those without diabetes only. There was a positive association of hs-CRP with BMI, MetS and number of MetS components. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, Cuban, Adiponectin, Ghrelin, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"5 1","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85342814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Profile of Antimicrobial Drug Use Patterns in a Nigerian Metropolitan City 尼日利亚一个大都市抗菌药物使用模式的概况

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70433

E. Enato, Chinyere F Uwaga

{"title":"Profile of Antimicrobial Drug Use Patterns in a Nigerian Metropolitan City","authors":"E. Enato, Chinyere F Uwaga","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70433","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate self-medication practices and prescribing patterns of antimicrobial agents. Methods: The study was carried out in Port Harcourt, Nigeria in 6 hospitals/clinics, 4 community pharmacies and the campus of University of Port Harcourt. 1,200 case files or charts of outpatients treated at the selected hospitals/clinics were reviewed for relevant information. Thereafter, independent physician assessors evaluated the “appropriateness” of antimicrobial prescribing. The antibiotic self-medication practices were assessed at the university campus and selected community pharmacies. Results: Metronidazole, ampicillin/cloxacillin (19%), amoxicillin (16%) and co-trimoxazole (12%) were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobials. Malaria (21%), followed by upper respiratory tract infection (19%), were the most frequent medical conditions in which antimicrobials were used. Over onehalf (56%) of the antimicrobial prescriptions were considered “appropriate” by the physician assesors; 23% of the cases “inappropriate”, while in 17% and 4% of cases, there were disagreement and query, respectively. There was a significant difference in the patterns of antimicrobial prescribing by physicians at both public and private hospitals, (χ 2 = 16.808, df = 3, P< 0.01). Cough (20%), stomach upset (20%) and boils (20%) were the most frequent conditions in which the respondents self-medicated with antimicrobials. Ampicillin (23%), co-trimoxazole (17%) and tetracycline (16%) were the frequently used antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Antimicrobial drug use was common. Sometimes, the agents were inappropriately used by the public and private health facilities as well as members of the public through self-medication. Keywords: Antimicrobial drug, Prescribing patterns, Self-medication, Survey","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"12 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85497458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

In Vitro Assessment of Quality Control Parameters of Some Commercially Available Generics of Amlodipine Besylate in Nigerian Drug Market 尼日利亚市售苯磺酸氨氯地平部分仿制药质量控制参数的体外评价

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70437

F. Eichie, M. I. Arhewoh, Jude E. Isesele, K. Olatunji

{"title":"In Vitro Assessment of Quality Control Parameters of Some Commercially Available Generics of Amlodipine Besylate in Nigerian Drug Market","authors":"F. Eichie, M. I. Arhewoh, Jude E. Isesele, K. Olatunji","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70437","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To use specific parameters to evaluate the in vitro quality assurance of ten generics of amlodipine besylate (10mg) tablets commonly sold in the Nigerian drug market. Methods: Organoleptic and physicochemical properties of 10 brands of the amlodipine besylate tablets were assessed according to official and unofficial standards. Basic quality control parameters evaluated include uniformity of weight, uniformity of content, tablet friability, hardness test, disintegration and dissolution tests. Results: The results show that all the tablets passed the weight uniformity (mean tablet weights ranging from 155±003mg to 404±0.002 mg), friability 70% released within 40 mins). While seven of the ten brands passed the uniformity of content, two out of the three brands that failed the test were unregistered by NAFDAC. The seven brands can be used interchangeably with the branded, Amlovar®. Conclusion: The finding of this research further underscores the need for stakeholders and end users to insist on the use of only duly registered products by the regulatory body. Keywords: Amlodipine besylate, control parameters, generics.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"20 1","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89653176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The Dynamics and Changing Structure of Traditional Healing System in Nigeria 尼日利亚传统治疗系统的动态和结构变化

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I2

T. Adefolaju

引用次数: 25

Second-Hand Smoke in a University Campus: Attitudes and Perceptions of Faculty, Staff and Students 大学校园里的二手烟:教职员工和学生的态度和看法

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70431

Sandeep Mishra, H. Thind, Srinivasa B Gokarakonda, Grace K. Lartey, Cecilia Watkins, Monia Chahal

引用次数: 6

Economic Evaluation pf Antibacterial Usage in Ear, Nose and Throat Infections in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital 尼日利亚一家教学医院在耳鼻喉感染中使用抗菌药物的经济评价

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70435

I. Suleiman, F. Tayo

{"title":"Economic Evaluation pf Antibacterial Usage in Ear, Nose and Throat Infections in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"I. Suleiman, F. Tayo","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V4I1.70435","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To carry out economic evaluation of antibacterial usage for Ear, Nose and Throat infections in a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria. Methods: Antibacterial utilisation evaluation was carried out retrospectively over one year period by reviewing 122 case notes containing 182 prescriptions of patient with Ear Nose and Throat infections. Relevant data including demographics, diagnosis, prescribed drugs, dosages, were extracted and the associated costs analysed. Results: Highest prevalent rate of Ear, Nose and Throat infections occurred in children under 10 years of age (59.3%) with otitis media predominating (45.0%). Average antibacterial cost per case was ₦1971.37 (US$15.16). Penicillins were the most frequently prescribed (35.5%) at a cost of ₦89,468.00 (US$688.22) representing 24.9% of the total antibacterial cost. Cephalosporins were used at a rate of 12.1% with a percentage total antibacterial cost of 48.4% (₦173,554.00, US$1335.03). Conclusion: The average cost of antibacterial agents to patients studied is high. This call for prudent use of these agents which should be evidence based and closely monitored. Keywords: Pharmacoeconomics, Antibacterial Therapy, Antibacterial Utilization Studies, Infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85496006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Community Perceptions and Practices in Management of Malaria in Under-five Children in Rivers State in Nigeria 尼日利亚河流州五岁以下儿童疟疾管理的社区观念和做法

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V4I3

C. Tobin-West, Seye Babatunde

{"title":"Community Perceptions and Practices in Management of Malaria in Under-five Children in Rivers State in Nigeria","authors":"C. Tobin-West, Seye Babatunde","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V4I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V4I3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : To determine baseline information on the perceptions of the causes and treatment of fevers suspected to be malaria in children less than five years in Rivers State, Nigeria in order to inform policy recommendations that will improve malaria control programme in the State. Methods : A cross-sectional survey was conducted in nine local government areas of the State through a multi-staged sampling, among parents and caregivers. Interviews were carried out using a questionnaire on malaria information adapted from WHO/ Federal Ministry of Health. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info v6.04d software, and descriptive statistics were computed with 95% Confidence Intervals for statistical inferences. Results : A total of 811 mothers/caregivers participated in the survey. Of these, 76.3% (95% CI=73.3–79.2) were aware that mosquitoes causes malaria fever. Fever was the commonest illness reported among children under five years two weeks preceding the survey (62.9%, 95% CI=59.5– 66.2). Majority of the caregivers (94.1%) reported taking actions within 24 hours of a child’s febrile illness by giving medications at home with drugs purchased from Patent Medicine Vendors rather than visiting a nearby health centre for treatment (53.3% (95% CI=49.6–57.0) versus 26.8% (95% CI=23.4–30.2). However, the drug mostly used for treatment was chloroquine sulfate (33.6%, 95% CI=30.1–37.2) instead of artemisininbased combined drugs 18.9%, 95% CI=16.8 – 21.9), Conclusion : Caregivers knowledge and response time to fever was reassuring that children can be reached promptly with more effective antimalaria treatment like artemisinin-based drugs, if community-directed management options that utilizes trained community-based volunteers were introduced.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"40 1","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73650033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3