International journal of health research and innovation最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Feto-Infant Mortality Using the BABIES Framework: Georgia 1981-83 through 2001-03","authors":"Anne L. Dunlop, B. Mccarthy, Gordon R. Freymann, Colin K. Smith, G. Bugg, A. Brann","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I3.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I3.70301","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To measure changes in Georgia’s fetoinfant mortality rate (FIMR) from 1981-83 to 2001-03, whether excess feto-infant mortality persists and, if so, to identify interventions to reduce the excess FIMR. Methods: Using vital records data from Georgia and the BABIES (birth weight and age-at-death boxes for intervention and evaluation system) approach, we calculated the total and excess birthweight proportionate FIMR for non-Hispanic ispanic whites and blacks (combined) declined from 24.6 to 10.5 feto-infant deaths per 1,000. For 2001-03, the excess FIMR for blacks was 11.8 compared to 3.6 for whites, with the largest proportion of excess FIMR being attributable to poor women’s health status for both groups (56% for blacks, 34% for whites). Conclusions: Despite a large reduction in Georgia’s FIMR from 1981-83 to 2001-03, substantial excess feto-infant mortality persists. The largest proportion of Georgia’s excess FIMR was attributable to poor women’s health, and was greater for blacks compared to whites. Interventions to improve the health of women prior to pregnancy hold the most promise for further reducing and closing racial gaps in Georgia’s FIMR. Keywords: Health status disparities, Perinatal mortality, Very low birth weight.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"71 1","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85908150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Leptin (Ob Gene Product) in Reproductive System with Special Reference to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","authors":"Ravishankar Ram Mani, P. Shanthi, R. Malathi","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I3.70302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I3.70302","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine serum leptin and its ob mRNA expression both in the PCOS and non-PCOS ovary, endometrium and adipose tissue in normal or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in South Indian population. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and non-PCOS subject’s endometrium, ovary and adipose tissue were investigated using a reverse transcription-competitive polymerase chain reaction method to quantify the mRNA levels of leptin and compared with normal weight control adipose tissue. Results: Endometrium, ovary and adipose tissue ob mRNA levels were highly correlated with serum leptin, BMI and body fat distribution of 80 subjects (10 normal weight, 8 thin PCOS, 8 thin non-PCOS, 7 overweight PCOS, 7 overweight non-PCOS, 10 obese PCOS, 10 obese non-PCOS, 10 morbidly obese PCOS and 10 morbidly obese non-PCOS). Ob mRNA levels were positively correlated with serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, free testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. Ob mRNA level was inversely correlated with SHBG and androstenedione. Conclusion: Here, we report for the first time in Indian population, that endometrium, ovary, adipose tissue ob mRNA levels and serum leptin are highly correlated and are different in expression levels in thin, obese, morbidly obese PCOS and non-PCOS, when compared to individuals with normal weight. The leptin could be a novel, independent risk factor for PCOS. Keywords: Ob mRNA, Serum leptin, body mass index, body fat distribution, infertility, ovary.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91332792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Annona senegalensis Pers Stem Bark Extracts in Experimental African Trypanosomiasis","authors":"Eo Ogbadoyi, AY Kabiru, AA Salako","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70268","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the stem bark extracts in the treatment of model Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice. Methods: Powdered stem bark of A. senegalensis was sequentially extracted under reflux in hexane, methanol and water and the extracts were investigated for their efficacies in the treatment of albino mice infected with T.b brucei . Blood and cerebrospinal fluid infectivity (CSF) tests were done to confirm cure of infection. Results: Hexane extract, at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight and aqueous extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight, cured the experimental infection in mice. Blood and CSF infectivity tests confirmed cure of infected animals. Conclusion: The two different extracts of the same plant being efficacious brings hope that appropriate combinations of preparations from these extracts or preparations thereof may help in overcoming the problem of resistance, a major limitation of current chemotherapy, since the different extracts may be acting by different mechanisms. Keywords: Trypanosoma , anti-trypanosome, chemotherapy, trypanocidal, sleeping sickness","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"32 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86419351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Management, Use and Safety in Non- Communicable Diseases: Any Hope for the Nigerian Patients?","authors":"P. Erah, I. Suleiman","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70263","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the recognition of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as a major cause of morbidity and mortality is increasing. The link between poor lifestyle choices such as drug use, alcohol and tobacco use, diet, lack of exercise or stress management provides a major challenge in medication use in the management of NCDs. In NCDs, the management and use of medications is associated with many challenges in the Nigerian health care system including access to medicine, infrastructural decay, quality of health professional, poor adherence to therapy, and poor knowledge of patients, among others. Despite these challenges, there is hope for Nigerian patients suffering from NCDs as the existing global approaches aimed at improving access to drugs, and medication management and use can be a live saver for them. Irrespective of poverty problems in the country, the threat from increasing prevalence of NCDs can be overcome with a combination of the efforts from government, health professionals and the individual patients. Adequate education of the patients and the public can lead to behavioral change and reduction in NCDs while at the same time improving medication use behaviours. Keywords: NCDs, Drug management, Drug safety, Drug Use, Nigerian population.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"42 1","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89194885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferred Choice of Health Facilities for Healthcare among Adult Residents in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Abodunrin, J. Bamidele, A. Olugbenga-Bello, D. B. Parakoyi","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70271","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The choice of health facilities for healthcare by an individual is largely determined by several factors. This study aims to determine predictors of preferred choice of health facility for care. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, pre-tested semi-structure questionnaire was administered to 366 adults selected through a multi-stage sampling technique in Ilorin metropolis. Data collected were analysed using Epi Info software version 3.4.1 and level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The preferred health facility for medical care was private hospitals (35.2%) followed by pharmaceutical store (27.9%) and 17.0% for general/teaching hospitals and only 12.3% for primary health care (PHC). Quick service and availability of drugs were the major reasons for their preference which were said to be better in private hospitals. Sex, marital status, educational status, occupation and city area where the respondents dwell are all associated with the preferred choice of health facility for care. Conclusion: This study has shown that the private sector is preferred to the public ones with regards to receiving healthcare and that within the public sector, the higher levels of health facilities are preferred to the primary health care centres. Improving the image and performance of the public health facilities especially the PHC is very important for appropriate utilization of health services Keywords: Preference, Health Facilities, Public hospital, Private hospital","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"9 1","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82430601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Reference Ranges for Fasting Profiles and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for Healthy Adults in Metropolitan Region of Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"S. Waithaka, Enm Njagi, J. Ngeranwa, D. M. Mwangi, Bernard M. Chiuri, L. Njagi, W. Gatua","doi":"10.4314/ijhr.v3i1.70264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijhr.v3i1.70264","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To establish quantitative reference ranges for fasting profiles and oral glucose tolerance test for healthy adults in metropolitan region of Nairobi. Methods: A prospective study carried out on 871 healthy subjects from the metropolitan region of Kenya. Results: The fasting profile parameters investigated were fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC) triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and TC/HDLC ratio. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also investigated. Eight hundred and seventy one (871) healthy study subjects were involved in the study. Established reference ranges were as follows: FBG (venous whole blood) (2.1 – 5.7) mmol/L, TC (2.9 – 6.4) mmol/L, TG (0.44- 2.44), HDL C (1.1 – 2.1) mmol/L, LDLC (1.1 – 4.3) mmol/L, TC/HDLC ratio (1.1 – 5.4). Established reference ranges for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were as follows: baseline/fasting blood glucose capillary whole blood (3.2-5.4) mmol/L, half hour (4.7-8.9) mmol/L, one hour (4.4-9.8) mmol/L, one hour and half (4-8.1) mmol/L and two hours (3.4-7.2) mmol/L. Results for gender differences for the studied parameters were as follows: FBG (p=0.124), TC (p=0.205), TG (p=0.705) HDLC (p= 0.52), LDLC (p=0.417) and TC/HDLC ratio (p=0.359). On the other hand, the gender results for timed OGTT were as follows: 0 hour (p=0.123), half hour (p=0.479), one hour (p=0.412), one hour and half (p=0.596)) and two hours (p=0.630). Hence there were no gender disparities for the parameters in the studied adult Kenyan population. Conclusion: Since the established reference ranges are a reflection of the Kenyan adult population our clinical chemistry laboratory reports interpretations will henceforth be independent of what has been quoted in literature. Likewise effective diagnosis and management of glucose and lipids pathological disorders will be achieved by the use of established adult Kenyan reference ranges. Keywords: Reference ranges, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, Adult Kenyan, Nairobi metropolitan city","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"126 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87711108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Consequences of Using Liquefied Petroleum Gas ( LPG) as an Alternative Car Fuel in Gaza Governorates","authors":"M. Sirdah, M. A. Rahma","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I1.70267","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the attitude and perceived health status of car drivers in relation to the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as car fuel. Methods: Close-ended questionnaire was administered to 230 drivers and volatile organic compounds (VOC) levels emission were determined for each of the cars driven by the drivers. Results: Although none of the cars was authorized to work on LPG, 42.6% of car engines were powered with LPG. The lowest health complains were reported by drivers using LPG. Public health and environmental impact of LPG were not among the concerns of the majority of drivers. The mean health complains percentage score (MHCPS) significantly favours LPG as better fuel for driver health. All categories of cars showed more or less degree of VOC emissions, the lowest VOC was recorded in diesel-based engines. Significant correlation was found between MHCPS and VOC. Conclusions: A high proportion of drivers use LPG in their cars even though public health and environmental soundness of LPG were not among the concerns of the majority of drivers. It is recommended that a public enlightenment program should be organised to address the problem properly. Keywords: Fuel; Liquefied petroleum gas; Attitude; Health complains; Volatile organic compounds","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"9 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81621555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Asian Dust Storm on Health-related Quality of Life: A Survey Immediately after an Asian Dust Storm Event in Mongolia","authors":"Haosheng Mu, B. Battsetseg, Takehiko Y. Ito, S. Otani, Kazunari Onishi, Y. Kurozawa","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70272","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In spring, Asian dust storm events occur frequently in the deserts of Mongolia and northwestern China. Epidemiological studies have shown that particulate matter during a dust event can cause the deterioration of subjective symptoms concerning the eye and the respiratory. The objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of dust events on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the general population. Methods: A survey of the HRQoL and subjective symptoms related to eye and respiratory systems was carried out for inhabitants in Mongolia after a dust storm event. HRQoL was assessed based on the SF-36. The study participant were 87 nomads. Results: The scores of SF-36 subscales for group with symptoms were significantly lower than group without symptoms. In the results of the multiple regression analysis, the scores of SF-36 subscales were significantly related to the subjective symptoms. Conclusion: This result suggested that a decreased HRQoL of people with symptoms, corroborated by subjective symptoms, may be the result of damage from a dust storm event. Measurement of HRQoL in the general population may thus be an index of the effect from the dust storm. Keywords: Asian Dust storm; HRQoL; Subjective symptom; SF-36","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"114 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79450279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Approaches to Penetration Enhancement","authors":"Dinesh Dhamecha, V. Rajendra, Amit A Rathi, Sv Ghadlinge, M. Saifee, M. Dehghan","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70269","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal delivery of drugs through the skin to the systemic circulation provides a convenient route of administration for a variety of clinical indications. For transdermal delivery of drugs, stratum corneum is the main barrier layer for permeation of drug. So to circumvent the stratum corneum and to increase the flux through skin membrane, different approaches of penetration enhancement are used. Many reviews had described regarding iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, phonophoresis but other physical method of penetration enhancement like magnetophoresis, laser radiation and photomechanical waves, radio frequency, thermophoresis, microneedle based devices, skin puncture and perforation, needleless injection, suction ablation, application of pressure, skin stretching, skin abration are not exploited for reviews. These physical methods are used extensively to enhance permeation of drugs through skin. The review presents mainly the routes of penetration through skin and the physical approach of penetration enhancement to optimise the transdermal delivery system. Keywords: Transdermal; Penetration enhancement; Physical method; Skin.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"57-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77234990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Lozenges Containing Extract of Garlic and Ginger","authors":"C. Esimone, F. Okoye, D. Odimegwu, C. Nworu, P. Oleghe, Pw Ejogha","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70274","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present work is an antimicrobial evaluation of lozenge dosage forms containing garlic and ginger extract. Methods: Lozenges containing pulverized garlic and ginger were produced by the moulding method and was evaluated against oropharyngeal microbial isolates after time-release in a normal saline-saliva sink solution. The solution was withdrawn at different intervals and screened for antimicrobial activities using the agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Candida albicans . Nystatin tablets were used as standard. Results: There was inhibition of growth by Nystatin tablet but garlic-ginger combination only inhibited growth of laboratory strains of C. albicans . Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the garlic and ginger can be formulated into lozenges and used in nonresistant oral thrush. Keywords: Antimicrobial evaluation, Lozenges, Garlic extract, Ginger extract, Oral thrush.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":" 1","pages":"105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJHR.V3I2.70274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72377745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}