Clinical theriogenology最新文献_第3页

Nonpuerperal chronic endometritis with pyometra causing systemic illness in a production sow 一头生产母猪的非产褥期慢性子宫内膜炎合并脓子宫引起的全身性疾病

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.9806

Celeste Morris, Katherine Watson, Diana Schwartz, Richard Pereira

{"title":"Nonpuerperal chronic endometritis with pyometra causing systemic illness in a production sow","authors":"Celeste Morris, Katherine Watson, Diana Schwartz, Richard Pereira","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9806","url":null,"abstract":"A second parity, late pregnant, commercial mixed-breed sow was examined on a farm with a 5-day history of inappetence and lethargy that was unresponsive to treatment with flunixin meglumine. Clinical signs were suspected due to an enlarged, fluid-filled hollow abdominal organ identified via transabdominal ultrasonography. Further characterization of abdominal viscera and fluid was limited by the sensitivity of the imaging equipment. Flunixin meglumine was discontinued and a dietary supplement was added to the feed to encourage intake. Repeat transabdominal ultrasonography was performed 4 days later due to a lack of improvement with worsening lethargy, continued inappetence, and fever. The sow was euthanized because of poor prognosis, chronicity of disease, and lack of pregnancy. On necropsy, the uterine horns measured 20 cm in diameter and occupied ~ 80% of the abdominal cavity, compressing the intestines and liver. The uterine lumen contained watery, turbid fluid. The left ovary had multiple grossly appreciable corpora lutea, and right ovary had multiple corpora albicantia. Although uterine disease is poorly defined in swine, based on the gross and histologic findings this sow was diagnosed with nonpuerperal chronic endometritis with intrauterine accumulation of purulent fluid (consistent with pyometra). Additionally, the sow was diagnosed with salpingitis, interstitial nephritis, lymphadenitis, and gastric ulceration, all likely contributing to her declining health and systemic illness.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":"6 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Complete abstract section 完整摘要部分

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.10001

Abstracts Section

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Editor’s note Editor’s音符

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.9973

Augustine T. Peter

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The Journey of a Theriogenologist 一个病毒学家的旅程

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.9776

Stuart Meyers

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Clinical applications of flow cytometric sperm analyses 流式细胞术精子分析的临床应用

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.9406

Fernando Peña, Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez

{"title":"Clinical applications of flow cytometric sperm analyses","authors":"Fernando Peña, Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9406","url":null,"abstract":"Animal andrology has benefitted by flow cytometry use (to analyze various sperm components). Examples include its use to explore DNA intactness, to sort sperm for chromosomal sex, or to explore via suitable fluorophores the functional intactness of essential attributes (e.g. plasma membrane). These explorations can provide the clinician with evidence of the extent of cell death, a major variable in using semen for breeding. Such gains have evolved over the past decade(s) through the production of versatile markers, including biomarkers, the design of simpler protocols, and the availability of more user-friendly and less expensive bench-flow cytometers. The present review summarizes the current state of flow cytometry use within animal andrology. It attempts to be critical of research gains, separating them for clinical relevance and focusing on its use to examine the early events that occur in the labile sperm plasma membrane (leading to cell death) – a most relevant marker for clinical decisions during diagnosis and prognosis of fertility when using ejaculated sperm (either unprocessed or processed) for cooling, freezing, or sperm sorting for in vitro fertilization or artificial insemination.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Onset of reproductive capacity in unowned free-roaming cats 无主自由漫游猫繁殖能力的爆发

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.9745

Ellie Bohrer, Devany Billings, Kristin Patton, Michelle Kutzler

{"title":"Onset of reproductive capacity in unowned free-roaming cats","authors":"Ellie Bohrer, Devany Billings, Kristin Patton, Michelle Kutzler","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9745","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose was to investigate if an underlying biological cause exists for the reproductive success in unowned free-roaming (UFR) cats. These cats were presented for surgical sterilization during late summer/early fall. After castration of UFR toms, presence of penile spines was recorded, slides were made from vas deferens secretions for sperm morphology analyses, and testes were hemi-sectioned, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and seminiferous tubule diameters were measured. After ovariohysterectomy of UFR queens, total ovarian-uterine weights were recorded. Ovaries were hemi-sectioned, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned, stained, and follicles were counted. Presence of penile spines did not differ (p = 0.07) between toms 2 - 6 (n = 13) and > 6 months (n = 16). Percentage of normal sperm morphology did not differ (p = 0.39) between toms 2 - 6 (n = 11; 77 ± 11%) and > 6 months (n = 9; 81 ± 13%). Seminiferous tubular diameter increased (p < 0.01) in toms 2 - 2.5 (n = 6; 88.1 ± 10.9 µm), 3 - 4 (n = 6; 109.8 ± 8.9 µm), 5 - 6 (n = 6; 142.2 ± 16.9 µm), and > 6 months (n = 6; 237.9 ± 52.5 µm). There was no association (R2 = 0.20; p = 0.07) between age and total ovarian-uterine weight of queens. Number of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles recorded did not differ (p = 0.08) between queens 2 - 4 (n = 13) and 5 - 6 (n = 4) months. The largest follicle diameter did not differ (p = 0.14) between queens 2 - 4 (581.6 ± 53.7 µm) and 5 - 6 months (469.4 ± 113.9 µm). Results may explain why UFR cat populations continue to increase despite investments in extensive trap-neuter-return efforts. Selective pressure responses to shortened lifespans may contribute to onset of earlier reproductive capacity in UFR cats.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Recovery, storage, and preparation of epididymal and vas deferens sperm for insemination, cryopreservation, and shipping 附睾和输精管精子的回收、储存和制备，用于人工授精、冷冻保存和运输

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.9784

P. Mennick

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Comparison of bull sperm morphology evaluation methods under field conditions 野外条件下公牛精子形态评价方法的比较

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.9425

Rachel Hanson, Sadie Reddick, Sabrina Thuerauf, Katie Webb, V. Kasimanickam, R. Kasimanickam

{"title":"Comparison of bull sperm morphology evaluation methods under field conditions","authors":"Rachel Hanson, Sadie Reddick, Sabrina Thuerauf, Katie Webb, V. Kasimanickam, R. Kasimanickam","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9425","url":null,"abstract":"Sperm morphological assessment is a critical component in bull breeding soundness evaluations. Although sperm morphology is an important parameter to identify subfertile from fertile bulls, the evaluation can be biased because sperm staining methods used under field conditions may not be exact due to various factors, including artifacts. Objective was to compare 2 sperm morphological evaluation methods. Prebreeding season ejaculates of 1,216 Angus cross bulls collected via electroejaculation were evaluated. For each bull, an unstained (UNS) and an eosin-nigrosin stained (ENS) semen smear were viewed under a phase contrast microscope and a brightfield microscope with an oil immersion lens, both at 1,000 × magnification. Normal and percentage of abnormal sperm were identified by counting 200 sperm. Inter-rater agreements between 2 clinicians for the percentage of abnormal sperm determination and its categories were very good (ENS method, r = 0.84 – 0.96; UNS method, r = 0.76 – 0.96; p < 0.01). No differences (p > 0.1) were observed for abnormal sperm percentage determination and its categories between 2 methods. Correlation was very good between 2 methods for total abnormal sperm percentage determination (r = 0.91; p < 0.01) and its categories (r = 0.84 – 0.96; p < 0.05). Additionally, 60 ejaculates were evaluated by triple stain (TS), ENS, and UNS methods. Agreements between TS (percentage of sperm with damaged membrane) and ENS (percentage of abnormal sperm) and between TS and UNS methods were moderate (r = 0.58; p < 0.05) and fair (r = 0.43; p < 0.05), respectively. Based on our findings, either technique can be used for bull sperm morphological evaluation under field conditions. Considering the ease of semen smear preparation, the UNS method can be a viable alternative to the ENS method.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44518418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Use of deslorelin acetate to advance ovulation in goats for timed artificial insemination 醋酸地氯瑞林对山羊定时人工授精促排卵的应用

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v15.9382

J. Stewart, Alyssa B Helms, S. Clark, G. Perry, Elizabeth Frieden, Adelaide Lee, S. Legg, M. Tak, S. Waldrop, K. Pelzer

{"title":"Use of deslorelin acetate to advance ovulation in goats for timed artificial insemination","authors":"J. Stewart, Alyssa B Helms, S. Clark, G. Perry, Elizabeth Frieden, Adelaide Lee, S. Legg, M. Tak, S. Waldrop, K. Pelzer","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9382","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of deslorelin in advancing ovulation for timed artificial insemination (AI) protocols in goats. We hypothesized that deslorelin treatment advances the onset of ovulation and improves AI pregnancy rates. Does were synchronized using a 5-day CIDR (controlled internal drug releasing insert) protocol with prostaglandin treatment at CIDR insertion. For Experiment 1, does received 0.2 mg of intramuscular deslorelin (n = 9) or saline (control, n = 10) at CIDR removal. Serial blood collections and transrectal ultrasonography were performed to assess ovarian dynamics and identify ovulation. For Experiment 2, does received 0.2 mg of intramuscular deslorelin (n = 42), 5 ml of PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin)/hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) (n = 42), or were left untreated (control, n = 42) at CIDR removal, and were subsequently bred by transcervical AI with fresh semen after 48 to 56 hours. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 50 and 90 days after AI. In Experiment 1, compared to control does, deslorelin-treated does had an increased (p < 0.01) number of ovulations and increased (p < 0.01) serum estradiol concentrations from 48 to 72 hours after CIDR removal. Serum progesterone concentrations did not differ between treatments. In Experiment 2, there was a main effect (p = 0.02) of treatment on pregnancy rates, with control does tending (p = 0.06) to have greater pregnancy rates than those treated with deslorelin or PMSG/hCG. Deslorelin treatment also resulted in decreased (p = 0.04) breeding season pregnancy rates and increased (p = 0.05) number of cycles to achieve pregnancy compared to control does. These results demonstrated that deslorelin not only has a super-ovulatory effect but also, at the dose given, can negatively impact does’ subsequent ovarian function and ability to achieve pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47739000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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A review of small ruminant Cesarean section: case selection, surgical techniques, care of the neonates, and postoperative care of the dam 小反刍动物剖宫产术综述:病例选择、手术技术、新生儿护理及术后护理

Clinical theriogenology Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.58292/ct.v.9620

Jessica Cowley, Jenna Stockler, H. Maxwell

{"title":"A review of small ruminant Cesarean section: case selection, surgical techniques, care of the neonates, and postoperative care of the dam","authors":"Jessica Cowley, Jenna Stockler, H. Maxwell","doi":"10.58292/ct.v.9620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v.9620","url":null,"abstract":"Cesarean section is an important life-saving surgical procedure frequently performed by small ruminant practitioners. Knowledge of normal parturition and indications for obstetrical intervention are necessary for successful outcomes. If a doe or ewe is observed in active labor for more than an hour without signs of progression toward delivery of a fetus, obstetrical examination is indicated to guide appropriate interventions. It is often possible to relieve a dystocia without surgical intervention if the cervix is adequately dilated and the dam’s pelvis is of sufficient size to allow manipulation of the fetus. If vaginal delivery cannot be performed safely, a Cesarean section or fetotomy is indicated. The surgery is generally performed with sedation and local anesthesia, with a lumbosacral epidural preferred by the authors. The dam may be positioned in right lateral recumbency, standing, or dorsal recumbency, based on the surgeon’s preference and specifics of the case. The abdomen is entered routinely, the gravid uterus identified, and gently exteriorized through the abdominal incision. A hysterotomy incision is made over the greater curvature of the uterus to allow removal of the fetus(es). The uterus is closed with absorbable suture using an inverting pattern. The abdominal incision is closed routinely. Systemic antibiotics, ecbolic agents, and analgesic agents are recommended for the dam postoperatively. Survival of the dam is reported at 81–99% with post-surgical complications encountered in 33–77% of cases. Females may be retained for future breeding following surgery, with 84–100% of females reported to become pregnant in the subsequent breeding season.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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