Nanoscale最新文献

{"title":"Amino-ended hyperbranched polyamide-cross-linked conducting polymer hydrogels with enhanced performance for wearable electronics","authors":"Juan Teng, Xiaokai Jia, Ziyang Qiu, Hanjun Yang, Hai Li","doi":"10.1039/d4nr05041j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr05041j","url":null,"abstract":"Strain sensors are essential for accurately capturing intricate motions across various applications. However, achieving both high mechanical strength and stability in strain sensors remains challenging. Herein, we present a novel and high-performance strain sensor using an amino-ended hyperbranched polyamide (HBPN) as a cross-linker to construct a strong and tough conducting polymer hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The terminal amino groups in HBPN create non-covalent cross-links within the network, resulting in a robust structure. Notably, the unique hyperbranched topology of HBPN significantly enhances the hydrogel's properties, providing superior strength and toughness compared to its non-hyperbranched counterparts. Specifically, the distinctive macromolecular structure and abundant hydrogen bonding in the HBPN–PVA–PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer hydrogel result in exceptional toughness (991.53 kJ m<small>⁻³</small>), which is five times higher than that of the PVA–PEDOT:PSS hydrogel without HBPN. Additionally, the HBPN cross-linker enhances the sensitivity of the conducting polymer hydrogel, making it more responsive than linear analogs when used as a strain sensor. The resulting sensors adapt dynamically to human motion, demonstrating excellent detection capabilities. This work showcases a promising approach for developing cost-effective, sustainable, flexible, and high-performance wearable devices.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in 2D MXene-based heterostructures for gas sensing: mechanisms and applications in environmental and biomedical fields","authors":"Lanting Qian, Farnood Rahmati, Fengchao Li, Tianzhu Zhang, Tao Wang, Haoze Zhang, Shuo Yan, Yun Zheng","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04681a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04681a","url":null,"abstract":"MXenes, a unique class of 2D transition metal carbides, have gained attention for gas sensing applications due to their distinctive properties. Since the synthesis of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> MXene in 2011, significant progress has been made in using MXenes as chemiresistive sensors. Their layered structure, abundant surface groups, hydrophilicity, tunable conductivity, and excellent thermal properties make MXenes ideal for low-power, flexible, room temperature gas sensors, fostering scalable and reproducible applications in portable devices. This review evaluates the latest advancements in MXene-based gas sensors, beginning with an overview of the elemental compositions, structures, and typical fabrication process of MXenes. We subsequently examine their applications in gas sensing domains, evaluating the proposed mechanisms for detecting common volatile organic compounds such as acetone, formaldehyde, ethanol, ammonia, and nitrogen oxides. To set this apart from similar reviews, our focus centered on the mechanistic interactions between MXene sensing materials and analytes (particularly for chemiresistive gas sensors), leveraging the distinct functionalities of MXene chemistries, which can be finely tuned for specific applications. Ultimately, we examine the current limitations and prospective research avenues concerning the utilization of MXenes in environmental and biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced electromechanical response in Dy3+ doped PNN-PZT relaxor ferroelectrics","authors":"Yue Qin, Wenbin Liu, Yi Ding, Ting Zheng, Jiagang Wu","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04839c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04839c","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroelectric ceramics with both high piezoelectric coefficients and a wide operational temperature range are in high demand for advanced electromechanical applications. However, since these properties are often mutually exclusive, achieving both exceptional performance and robust thermal stability remains a significant challenge. Here, we report achieving high piezoelectricity (d33 = 840 pC/N, kp = 0.73, TC = 180 ℃) and excellent temperature stability (Δd33* less than 10% within 20-160 ℃) in 0.39Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.59Pb(Zr0.356Ti0.644)O3-0.02Pb(Mg1/2W2/3)O3 ceramics doped with 0.2 wt% Dy2O3, outperforming to those of other typical piezoceramics. Rayleigh analysis, domain writing of PFM, and calculation of the activation energy of domain wall motion reveal that the high piezoelectric properties result from enhanced internal contribution and easier domain wall motion. And excellent temperature stability is mainly attributed to the stable domain structure. This work provides a promising direction for the development of piezoelectric materials with both high piezoelectric performance and good temperature stability.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning Infrared Emissivity of Multilayer Graphene using Ionic Liquid Gel Electrolytes","authors":"Ying Cao, Kaiyu Yang, Haibo Ke, Lishi Fu, Xitong Yan, Jinghuan Xian, Mingyuan Lin, Rui Mu, Yufeng Zhang, Weiwei Cai, Xueao Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00322a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00322a","url":null,"abstract":"Actively controlling the infrared (IR) emissivity of materials is critical for numerous applications, such as radiative cooling and thermal camouflage. Multilayer graphene (MLG) has shown significant potential as a functional material with tunable IR emissivity. However, the poor long-term stability of currently reported MLG-based IR modulators greatly limits their practical applications. Herein, ionic liquid gel electrolytes (ILGPEs) are prepared and used as doping sources to assemble MLG-based IR modulators with a sandwich-like structure. The modulator lifetime is dramatically improved, while the modulation depth and dynamic response are retained at levels comparable to those using pure ionic liquids. Microscopic structural analyses, including Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, are correlated with the ionic conductivity of the ILGPE and the IR radiation of the MLG. The results indicate that the improvement in device performance is likely due to an improved interface between the ILGPE and MLG, as well as limited ion diffusion within the ILGPE, which preserves the structural integrity of the MLG. These findings shed light on the optimization of IR modulator based on ion intercalation.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the piezoelectric response of ZnO nanowires grown by PLI-MOCVD using post-deposition treatments through adjusted screening and surface effects","authors":"Lisa Legardinier, Gustavo Ardila, Isabelle Gélard, Carmen Jiménez, Matthieu Weber, Fabrice Donatini, Vincent Consonni","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00591d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00591d","url":null,"abstract":"As a biocompatible and non-critical material, ZnO, specifically in its nanowire morphology, holds great promise to be integrated into highly efficient mechanical energy transducers. However, the control of the density of free charge carriers driving the screening effect of the piezoelectric potential under mechanical solicitations is critical for enhancing their piezoelectric properties. To that extent, the effects of several post-deposition treatments, including oxygen plasma, UV ozone, and thermal annealing under oxygen atmosphere, on the properties of ZnO nanowires grown by pulsed-liquid injection metal-organic chemical vapor deposition are thoroughly investigated and compared. The thermal annealing at high temperature shows its predominance over the other post-deposition treatment for the decrease in the density of free electrons, roughly estimated from 1.8 ‒ 3.3 x 1018 to about 1017 cm-3, the removal of carbon contamination inside the structure, and the crystallinity improvement. By proceeding with the thermal annealing and increasing its temperature from 700 to 900 °C, time-resolved cathodoluminescence measurements further reveals the decrease in the density of surface traps from 7.7 to 3.0 x 1012 cm-2 due to an increase in the amount of oxygen vacancies at the surfaces of ZnO nanowires. The effective piezoelectric coefficient d33eff as measured by piezo-response force microscopy eventually shows a significant enhancement of 47 %, from 4.5 to 6.6 pm/V, as the annealing temperature and duration are increased. These findings reveal the trade-off to optimize when using the post-deposition treatments, as supported by finite element method simulations, which show that the reduction of both the densities of free electrons and of surface traps act in an opposite manner on the piezoelectric response of ZnO nanowires.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the Dimensionality of Semiconducting Nanostructures by Self-assembled Tetraphenylethylene Substituted Corroles","authors":"Giribabu Lingamallu, Swathi Nenavath, Nagadatta Pravallika, Neela Sravani, Seelam Prasanthkumar","doi":"10.1039/d4nr05477f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr05477f","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling the dimensionality of nanostructures from the self-assembled macrocyclic systems is tedious because they attain thermodynamically stable through the extended π-conjugated structure. Mainly, corrole-based macrocycles are challenging as they contract structures that make it difficult to grow hierarchical assemblies. Herein, three tetraphenylethylene (TPE) appended corroles (1-TPE-Cor, 2-TPE-Cor and 3-TPE-Cor) were developed by substituting at mono, bis and tri TPEs at meso phenyl position of corroles. Detailed investigations revealed that the substituent of each TPE influences the molecule's planarity, resulting in significant variation in optical, self-assembly, and electronic properties in three derivatives. One-dimensional (1D) nanotubes were observed through π-π stacking for 1-TPE-Cor, while 2D nanosheets and nanospheres from 2-TPE-Cor and 3-TPE-Cor. Consequently, electrical conductivity has shown that 1D nanotubes are 10 times higher than 2D and 0D nanostructures. Each TPE substitution on corroles affects their dynamics of aggregates and electronic properties, promoting the novel corrole-based macrocyclic group apart from porphyrin and phthalocyanine utilizing supramolecular interactions pave the way to diversify in fields of electronics.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in Computational Methods and Mechanistic Insights on the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"Linzheng Wang, Nicolas Tricard, Zituo Chen, Sili Deng","doi":"10.1039/d4nr05487c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr05487c","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotube (CNT), as a promising nanomaterial with broad applications across various fields, is continuously attracting significant research attention. Despite substantial progress in understanding their growth mechanisms, synthesis methods, and post-processing techniques, two major goals remain challenging: achieving property-targeted growth and efficient mass production. Recent advancements in computational methods driven by increased computational resources, the development of platforms, and the refinement of theoretical models, have significantly deepened our understanding of the mechanisms underlying CNT growth. This review aims to comprehensively examine the latest computational techniques that shed light on various aspects of CNT synthesis. The first part of this review focuses on progress in computational methods. Beginning with atomistic simulation approaches, we introduce the fundamentals and advancements in density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. We discuss the applicability and limitations of each method in studying mechanisms of CNT growth. Then, the focus shifts to multiscale modeling approaches, where we demonstrate the coupling of atomic-scale simulations with reactor-scale multiphase flow models. Given that CNT growth inherently spans multiple temporal and spatial scales, the development and application of multiscale modeling techniques are poised to become a central focus of future computational research in this field. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the growing role of machine learning in CNT growth research. Compared to traditional physics-based simulation methods, data-driven machine learning approaches have rapidly emerged in recent years, revolutionizing research paradigms from molecular simulation to experimental design. In the second part of this review, we highlight the latest advancements in CNT growth mechanisms and synthesis methods achieved through computational techniques. These include novel findings across fundamental growth stages, i.e., from nucleation to elongation and ultimately termination. We also examine the dynamic behaviors of catalyst nanoparticles and chirality-controlled growth processes, emphasizing how these insights contribute to advancing the field. Finally, in the concluding section, we propose future directions for advancements of computational approaches toward deeper understanding of CNT growth mechanisms and better support of CNT manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influences of reducing agents on the structure-activity relationships between oxygen vacancy and Au sites for CO preferential oxidation","authors":"Ganghua Xiang, Xing Lin, Zhigang Liu","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00548e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00548e","url":null,"abstract":"Ceria (CeO2)-based gold (Au) catalysts exhibit remarkable catalytic performance for preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream (CO-PROX), and their activity can be further enhanced by defect engineering and regulation of Au sites. Herein, oxygen vacancy (Ov) was constructed on CeO2 by different reducing agents including H2, NaBH4 and ascorbic acid, to modulate the electronic structure and coordination environment of Au sites. The properties of Ov and Au species were investigated by a series of characterizations such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of catalytic tests for CO-PROX showed that the sample reduced by H2 at 400 ℃ (Au/CeO2-H2-400) achieved the best performance, which completely converted CO across a wide temperature window, ranging from 70 ℃ to 150 ℃, while maintaining satisfactory selectivity and stability. The superior performance was attributed to the fact that, unlike ascorbic acid and NaBH4, H2 was a small molecule with negligible steric hindrance, leading to more concentrated distribution of Ov. These vacancies promoted the formation of partially oxidized Au+ with moderate Au−O coordination number, which enhanced CO adsorption and facilitated the activation of lattice oxygen, thereby contributing to the exceptional catalytic activity.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEGylated Lipid Screening, Composition Optimization, and Structure-Activity Relationship Determination for Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated mRNA Delivery","authors":"Lingyun Liu, Jae-Heon Kim, Zhongyu Li, Mengwei Sun, Trent Northen, Jackie Tang, Emma Mcintosh, Shrirang S Karve, Frank DeRosa","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00433k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00433k","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as effective carriers for mRNA delivery in vaccine and therapeutic applications, attracting substantial attention since the COVID-19 pandemic. Continued efforts are crucial to optimize LNP composition for improved delivery efficacy and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving differences in protein expression. This study systematically screened PEGylated lipids for intramuscular mRNA delivery, followed by optimization of the formulation composition, physiochemical characterization, and investigation of the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Using a model ionizable lipid, we initially evaluated twenty-nine PEGylated lipids from four lipid families (glyceride, phosphoethanolamine (PE), cholesterol, and ceramide), each varying in linker chemistries, tail structures, or PEG molecular weights. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol - 5000 (DMG-PEG5k) was identified as a promising candidate from this screening. Using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach, we further optimized the formulation to increase in vivo transfection efficacy, achieving increase in protein expression over the DMG-PEG2k benchmark. To explore SAR of the DoE formulations, advanced physiochemical characterizations were conducted including Laurdan assay, SAXS, Cryo-TEM, and QCM-D, alongside standard LNP analysis. Among the key factors examined, high mRNA encapsulation efficiency, LNP membrane integrity (especially under acidic conditions), and ordered internal structures were identified as the critical parameters for transfection efficiency. mRNA encapsulation efficiency increased with a lower PEG-lipid fraction. LNP membrane integrity, assessed by the generalized polarization (GP) ratio at pH 7.5 and 4.5 from the Laurdan assay, was strongly affected by the ionizable lipid ratio and, to a lesser extent, the cholesterol ratio. A lower GP7.5/GP4.5 ratio correlated with enhanced protein expression, primarily driven by a higher GP4.5 observed with lower ionizable lipid and higher cholesterol fractions. Overall, balancing the ratios of all LNP components is critical for maximizing LNP functionality. This study presents a systematic evaluation and characterization of LNPs with different PEG-lipid moieties, deepens SAR understanding, and provides valuable guidelines for rationally designing more effective next-generation LNPs.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical temperature-sensitive hydrophobic membrane based on Eu(III)-doped yttrium oxide nanosheets.","authors":"Yue Liu, Jinfeng Xia, Danyu Jiang, Yuchen Dong, Ying Chen, Enhui Ma, Qinian Wen, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00438a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00438a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, Eu(III)-doped yttrium oxide nanosheets were prepared after the dehydration and exfoliation of layered hydroxides. The morphologies of the as-prepared nanosheets were determined using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Positively charged Eu(III)-doped yttrium oxide nanosheets with α-thiophenylacetone trifluoride as antenna uniformly adhered to the surface of glass fiber membranes by layer-by-layer assembly technology with negatively charged polyacrylic acid. Thereafter, an optical temperature-sensitive hydrophobic membrane with a water contact angle of 124.35° ± 0.15° was obtained. In air and water environments, both the lifetime and luminescence intensity of the as-prepared fluorescent temperature-sensing membrane showed good and repeatable responses to temperatures in the range of 283-363 K. The luminescence intensity exhibited high sensitivity to temperature changes, with a relative thermal sensitivity of 7.61% K^-1 in air and 5.41% K^-1 in pure water. In conclusion, the developed membrane demonstrates potential as a promising candidate for use in fluorescence thermometers in both air and water environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}