Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial utilisation in South Australian hospitals 2002-2004","authors":"Anita C Marwood B Pharm,&nbsp;Catherine M Dollman B Pharm","doi":"10.1071/HI06071","DOIUrl":"10.1071/HI06071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The South Australian statewide antimicrobial utilisation surveillance programme collects and reports on in-hospital antimicrobial usage data from South Australian metropolitan hospitals. Antimicrobial usage rates over the period of January 2002 – December 2004 are reported.</p><p>There has been a 3% increase in total annual usage over the period, with monthly analysis suggesting a small upward trend in total antimicrobial consumption. Antimicrobial consumption in intensive care units (ICUs) has shown a reduction of 14% over the 3 year surveillance period; however, monthly data demonstrates variable usage, making assessment of trends difficult. Changes in usage patterns for fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins have occurred, and should be the focus of antibiotic stewardship efforts. Comparison to international data shows that South Australian antimicrobial usage rates are high and efforts to optimise use of these agents should be encouraged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 71-72, 74-76, 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59225955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of infectious diseases in Western Australian residential aged care facilities: a population-based record linkage study","authors":"Janine Calver PhD (Dr),&nbsp;Barbara Horner PhD (Associate Professor),&nbsp;Duncan Boldy PhD (Professor),&nbsp;Max Bulsara MSc","doi":"10.1071/HI06079","DOIUrl":"10.1071/HI06079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite infections being a major cause of morbidity and mortality in residential aged care facilities (RACFs), population-based epidemiological literature is currently lacking. The aims of this study were therefore to provide a baseline for infection surveillance in Australian RACFs, to examine the association between resident characteristics and infections and to calculate the inpatient cost implications of infections. A retrospective, population-based cohort was identified from Western Australian (WA) residential aged care claims data in 2001 (14,075 permanent care residents) linked with resident appraisals, hospital discharge and mortality records for 2 years.</p><p>Almost one quarter (23.3%) of residents hospitalised in the 2 years of follow-up were hospitalised due to infection. The overall rate of infection was 0.29 per 1,000 resident days. Compared with residents assessed as low-care, high-care residents were at reduced risk of respiratory tract (RTIs) (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99), urinary tract (UTIs) (OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.56-0.76) or skin infections (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.76), but at increased risk of septicaemia (OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.13-2.14). Residents hospitalised for infection used 18,731 bed days and had inpatient costs of A$12.1m.</p><p>Infection is a common reason for patient transfers from RACFs to hospital. Workforce profile is the most likely explanation for the increased risk of infections (excluding septicaemia) in residents assessed as low-care. Efforts to reduce hospital transfers from Australian RACFs should focus on developing Australian practice guidelines and improving the availability of skilled clinical staff to support practice in low-care facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 79-80, 82, 84, 86, 88-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59226089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal Watch","authors":"","doi":"10.1071/HI06098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HI06098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Journal Watch presents a brief description of articles recently published in other journals and thought to be of relevance or interest to the AIC readership. Readers are encouraged to refer to the full article for complete information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 98-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137222184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary of Events","authors":"","doi":"10.1071/HI06068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HI06068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 2","pages":"Page 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136480687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clonal outbreak of rifampicin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an intensive care unit","authors":"N Deborah Friedman MBBS FRACP,&nbsp;Despina Kotsanas BSc (Hons), MClinEpi,&nbsp;Jill Wilson RN, RM, ICC,&nbsp;Fiona Ten Berk de Boer RN, ICC,&nbsp;Tony M Korman FRACP, FRCPA","doi":"10.1071/HI06053","DOIUrl":"10.1071/HI06053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated an outbreak of a rifampicin-resistant methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) strain which occurred in our intensive care unit (ICU). Prospective laboratory-based surveillance on all clinical isolates of MRSA and routine screening of patients to detect MRSA colonisation are both performed on ICU patients.</p><p>Prior to 2004, less than 1.5% of clinical MRSA isolates from our entire healthcare network were rifampicin-resistant. However, between July and September 2004, seven patients with rifampicin-resistant MRSA were identified in the ICU after a mean length of stay of 18 days. Isolates from six of the seven patients were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and were identical.</p><p>All screening and clinical MRSA isolates from the ICU since this cluster have displayed susceptibility to rifampicin. Resistance to rifampicin may occur via single-step resistance during rifampicin monotherapy or possibly with the use of venous catheters impregnated with rifampicin, although this was not the case in this outbreak. This outbreak of rifampicin-resistant MRSA is an indication of the emerging problem that multidrug-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> pose, and reminds both clinicians and infection control staff to be vigilant in identifying these outbreaks and preventing their spread.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59226279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and management of outbreaks in Australia: well founded or a house of cards?","authors":"Cathryn Murphy RN, MPH, PhD, CIC (Associate Professor)","doi":"10.1071/HI06037","DOIUrl":"10.1071/HI06037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 2","pages":"Page 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59225657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal Watch","authors":"","doi":"10.1071/HI06060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HI06060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Journal Watch presents a brief description of articles recently published in other journals and thought to be of relevance or interest to the AIC readership. Readers are encouraged to refer to the full article for complete information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 60-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136480686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased incidence of infections associated with peripheral IV cannulae: recognition, investigation, interventions","authors":"Helen Van Gessel,&nbsp;Christopher McCavana","doi":"10.1071/HI06039","DOIUrl":"10.1071/HI06039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article discusses the initial recognition, subsequent investigation and intervention methods of an outbreak of nosocomial <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> blood stream infections (BSI) sourced to peripheral intravenous cannulae (PIVC) at a busy metropolitan hospital.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 39-40, 42, 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59226060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new imperative for the Australian infection control community: improving detection of device-related outbreaks","authors":"Cathryn Murphy RN, MPH, PhD, CIC (Associate Professor),&nbsp;Sue Resnik RN, RMW, Grad Dip (IC), CIC (Syd)","doi":"10.1071/HI06046","DOIUrl":"10.1071/HI06046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In late 2004, the authors became aware of international reports of increased bloodstream infections (BSI) associated with the use of mechanical valve access devices (MVAD). MVADs were already used in Australian and New Zealand hospitals; however, none of the state-wide standardised systems of BSI surveillance monitoring, nor the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) had identified the potential for similar increases in Australian BSI rates temporally associated with MVADs.</p><p>After describing this serious problem at relevant 2005 infection prevention meetings in Australia and New Zealand, several concerned infection control professionals (ICPs) who had identified potentially similar BSI increases approached the authors for advice and assistance to further investigate the issue. The authors convened a face-to-face meeting of self-identified ICPs whose BSI rates had changed subsequent to introducing MVADs. At the November 2005 meeting, participants considered the implications of the local increases. Meeting participants were brought together as an Advisory Panel and described their local circumstances in detail for peer review. The Panel concluded that one New Zealand and at least three other large Australian hospitals were experiencing MVAD-BSI increases identical to those reported in the US the year previously. Panelists were aggrieved by the failure of existing Australian and New Zealand surveillance and regulatory mechanisms to detect and raise general awareness of these MVAD-related BSI increases and proposed the development of a formal, rapid response alert system to advise ICPs of subsequent device-related outbreaks.</p><p>This paper describes the process, findings and outcomes of the first meeting, including an overview of several local increases in BSI temporally associated with use of MVADs. It also recommends the introduction of a system to ensure the provision of timely and important advice to ICPs in the event of unexpected negative consequences associated with implementation of new equipment and/or devices. Failure to introduce this or a similar model represents an ongoing deficiency in proactive infection prevention in Australia and New Zealand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 46, 48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59226182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paramedic knowledge of infection control principles and standards in an Australian emergency medical system (EMS)","authors":"Ramon Z. Shaban RN, EMT-P BSc, BN, PGDipPH&TM, GradCertlnfCon, MEd, MCHPrac(Hons)","doi":"10.1071/HI06013","DOIUrl":"10.1071/HI06013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infection control is an essential component of health care. The literature generally suggests that most health professionals’ knowledge of infection control principles and standards is poor or, at the very least, inadequate. There is a paucity of research examining paramedic knowledge of infection control principles and standards, particularly in the Australian pre-hospital context. The purpose of this study was to determine paramedic knowledge of standard infection control definitions and principles in an Australian emergency medical system (EMS).</p><p>A confidential and anonymous mail survey was distributed to all paramedics working in a State-wide Australian ambulance service (n=2274) A total of 1258 surveys were returned - a response rate of 55.3%. Only 46.2% (n=581) of the participants identified the correct components of the ’chain of infection’. Correct identification of the definition of ’nosocomial’ was made by 27,9% (n=347) of participants. Less than one-fifth (17.2%, n=217) of participants identified 'standards and additional precautions’ as the current system of infection control. Less than half (41.6%, n=523) of the sample correctly identified hand washing as the primary’ infection control strategy’ to prevent cross-infection.</p><p>This study suggests knowledge of fundamental principles and standards of infection control among paramedics is poor in this jurisdiction and recommends the introduction of comprehensive in-service education programmes in infection control. Further research is required to investigate if, and how, these results may be realised in practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92877,"journal":{"name":"Australian infection control : official journal of the Australian Infection Control Association Inc","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 13-14, 16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HI06013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37832102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}