Annual review of fish diseases最新文献

{"title":"Major bacterial diseases affecting mariculture in Japan","authors":"Riichi Kusuda,&nbsp;Fulvio Salati","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90029-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90029-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the development of intensive fish culture practices in Japan, bacterial and viral diseases have spread and caused serious problems for culturists. The most important bacterial diseases affecting mariculture of yellowtail, sea bream, and flounder in Japan are caused by <em>Enterococcus seriolicida, Pasteurella piscicida, Vibrio anguillarum, Nocardia kampachi</em>, and <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em>. Characteristics of these pathogens and efforts to control them via chemotherapeutic and immunological methods are reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 69-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90029-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proliferative kidney disease of salmonid fish","authors":"R.P. Hedrick ,&nbsp;E. MacConnell ,&nbsp;P. de Kinkelin","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90039-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90039-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most economically important diseases among commercially reared rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) in Europe and causes significant losses among Pacific salmon and rainbow trout populations in western North America. The parasite that causes PKD is a poorly understood myxosporean (PKX), presumed but not yet proven to be a member of the family <em>Sphaerosporidae</em>, genus <em>Sphaerospora</em>. The disease occurs in both cultured and feral populations of salmonids that come into contact with a 20–25 μm waterborne infective stage. The disease is often seasonally dependent occurring at water temperatures above 15 °C in the summer and fall months of the year. At permissive water temperatures, the first recognizable vegetative or extrasporogonic stages appear about 10–14 days after exposure to the infective stage. They are initially prominent in the blood sinuses of the kidney, are accompanied by a mild hyperplasia of the interstitial hematopoietic cell populations, and multiply via binary fission, endogeny, and plasmotomy, provoking a strong inflammatory response. This diffuse granulomatous response occurs principally in the kidney but is also seen in the spleen and other organs. The major host cell type involved in the lesion is the macrophage, but lymphocytes are also abundant in close proximity to PKX. As the inflammation progresses (6–8 weeks postexposure to the infective stage), the gross renal swelling becomes evident as do other clinical signs including anemia. Mortality in uncomplicated cases of PKD is generally 20% or less but often secondary pathogens or unfavorable environmental conditions coincide with peak periods of PKD and mortalities can reach 95–100%. Compromised renal functions such as macromolecule adsorption and divalent cation excretion are also impaired and this may contribute to the mortality observed among fish with PKD. Generally, by 12–20 weeks postexposure, fish begin, or are in the process of, recovery and the renal hematopoietic and excretory functions return to normal. In fish that have experienced a full clinical episode of the disease, a strong acquired immunity develops. The basis of the immunity is unknown but circulating antiparasite antibodies can be detected as early as six weeks postexposure to the infective stage. A strong cellular component to the immunity is also suspected. No vaccines have yet been developed to control PKD, and only recently have experimental therapies been applied. Both fumagillin DCH, an antibiotic effective against certain microsporidia and myxosporidia, and the arylmethane dye malachite green, have shown some promise as treatments for PKD. Unfortunately, neither drug is licensed for use in the U.S. and both treatments suffer from potential difficulties with drug toxicity, tissue residues, or durg discharges in hatchery effluent waters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 277-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90039-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish","authors":"M.D. Furones ,&nbsp;C.J. Rodgers ,&nbsp;C.B. Munn","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90031-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90031-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is caused by the bacterium <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em>, and is an economically important disease, principally affecting farmed rainbow trout. Since its first description in the Hagerman Valley, Idaho, USA in the 1950s, the causal agent has been shown to be increasingly widespread in a variety of salmonid species in North America. More recently, the disease has been reported, and the bacterium isolated, in many countries and fish hosts throughout the world. Although there has been much work published on this problem, many unanswered questions remain concerning the taxonomy, serological characteristics, epidemiology, and pathogenicity. In particular, we suggest that the development of agreed standard methodologies are needed to make further progress. Despite these limitations, considerable success has been achieved in control of the disease. In this article, we provide a detailed review of the development of immunization for ERM, and the current status of chemotherapy. Overall, we aim to give a comprehensive survey of the many published studies on <em>Y. ruckeri</em> and ERM, in which we bring together the work carried out by various authors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 105-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90031-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial vaccines for fish","authors":"Stephen G. Newman","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90033-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90033-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vaccination of fish for the prevention of specific bacterial diseases afffecting commercially reared fish species has had a significant impact on this industry. Almost all of the vaccines available at this time are bacterins or formalin-inactivated whole cell suspensions, some with adjuvants. The first vaccines to be successfully commercialized were those against <em>Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio ordalii</em>, and <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em> in the late 1970s. Developed initially for the salmonid industry, these bacterins are now routinely used worldwide on many species of fish. Though in some areas salmon farming has flourished without the use of these vaccines, in most areas they have been essential to the economic viability of aquaculture operations. Vaccines against <em>Vibrio salmonicida</em>, a pathogen of salmonids, <em>Aeromonas salmonicida</em>, a pathogen of salmonids and carp, and <em>Edwardsiella ictaluri</em>, a pathogen of channel catfish have also been commercialized and are in widespread use. A number of other bacterins have been the subject of research and some of them may eventually be available. Though a bacterin against <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em>, a pathogen affecting species of fish reared in warmwater has been successfully tested, as have bacterins against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> and <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em>, the serologic heterogeneity of these groups of organisms make it unlikely that widely utilizable vaccines will be available in the near future. Those pathogens that appear to be serologically more homogeneous, including <em>Flexibacter columnaris, Pasteurella piscicida</em> and <em>Streptococcus</em> species affecting fish, will likely end up in commercially available bacterins in the not too distant future. The use of a new generation of adjuvants in conjunction with automated injection methods could result in vaccines that will protect against diseases that conventional methods may not be successful against, such as bacterial kidney disease (BKD) caused by <em>Renibacterium salmoninarum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 145-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90033-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral vaccines for aquaculture","authors":"J.C. Leong,&nbsp;J.L. Fryer","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90036-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90036-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A description of the types of viral vaccines that are being developed for fish is presented in this review. All three types of vaccines, i.e. killed, attenuated, and subunit vaccines, have worked to some extent in fish under controlled laboratory conditions. However, with the exception of a killed vaccine for spring viremia of carp, there are no commercially available viral vaccines for fish. The introduction of these vaccines to aquaculture will require an understanding of immune recognition in fish and the development of cost-effective ways of producing a safe, immunogenic vaccine. A review of available information on vaccines for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, spring viremia of carp virus, and channel catfish virus is presented. These are the main viruses that have been investigated for vaccine development. Very little information is available on vaccines for other viral diseases of fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 225-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90036-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious diseases of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Ralph A. Elston","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90038-D","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90038-D","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Pacific oyster, <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>, is known for not having been affected by major epizootics of infectious diseases, unlike many other commercially important oysters worldwide. Nonetheless, review of the scientific literature reveals more than ten infectious diseases of this species including those with viral, bacterial, protozoan, and metazoan etiologies. These include diseases of larval, juvenile, and adult oysters. Diseases such as oyster velar virus disease, herpes-like infection, and ligament disease are known because of their importance in intensive husbandry systems of this bivalve. Nocardiosis, <em>Marteilioides</em> infection, haplosporidiosis, Denman Island disease, and others are primarily known from their effect on extensively cultured populations of the Pacific oyster. These diseases are reviewed in terms of their disease manifestations, etilogy, epizootiology and economic importance, prevention, and management and diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 259-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90038-D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author index and keyword index volume 3, 1993","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90044-C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90044-C","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 351, 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90044-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91634363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New viruses described in finfish from 1988–1992","authors":"Frank M. Hetrick ,&nbsp;Ronald P. Hedrick","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90034-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90034-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A number of new virus isolates from finfish have been reported in the scientific literature during the past five years. These include nine aquareoviruses, eight picornaviruses, six iridoviruses, five herpesviruses, three rhabdoviruses, three retroviruses, a paramyxovirus, and a coronavirus. Not all of these agents have been isolated in cell culture or established as etiologic agents of disease by controlled transmission studies. The burgeoning number of fish viruses is a reflection of the increased interest in fish diseases, particularly those occurring in aquaculture facilities, and the number will surely grow as fish farming intensifies on a global scale. This review chronicles the new virus isolates and lists them with other members of their virus family where appropriate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 187-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90034-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37831931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers: Biochemical, physiological, and histological markers of anthropogenic stress","authors":"Edwin L. Cooper","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90043-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90043-B","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Page 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90043-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny of the neuroendocrine-immune system: Fish and shellfish as model systems for social interaction stress research in humans","authors":"Francesco Chiappelli ,&nbsp;Claudio Franceschi ,&nbsp;Enzo Ottaviani ,&nbsp;Mario Farnè ,&nbsp;Mohamed Faisal","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90042-A","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90042-A","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Significant interactions among various physiological systems and between an organism's physiological and psychological structures are evident throughout phylogeny. Environmental stimuli induce neuroendocrine responses that include the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and that modulate cellular and humoral host defense mechanisms from the invertebrates to humans. Because increased levels of HPA products are among the most consistent physiological responses to stress, and bacause cell-mediated immune (CMI) mechanisms are crucial to the initiation, propagation, and regulation of antigen-specific immune responses, this review focuses on the phylogeny of HPA-CMI interaction under basal conditions and following stressful stimuli.</p><p>Research has characterized several paradigms for the study of the physiological outcomes to a variety of stressors. In recent decades, a substantial literature has emerged that describes the neuro-endocrine-immune response to social confrontation in invertebrates and in vertebrates. The social confrontation paradigm provides an ideal model for the elucidation of the phylogeny of the HPA-CMI interactive system to a specific stressful stimulus. We have characterized the neuroendocrine-immune outcomes of social confrontation in fish. Our data help to explain physiological and pathological mechanisms in fish. Implications of this body of knowledge to clinical medicine and aging are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 327-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90042-A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}