Annual review of fish diseases最新文献_第5页

In the memory of Professor Gabriele Peters 1936–1992 为了纪念加布里埃尔·彼得斯教授1936-1992年

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90024-6

M. Faisal

引用次数: 1

Renibacterium salmoninarum and bacterial kidney disease — the unfinished jigsaw 沙门氏菌和细菌性肾病——未完成的拼图

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90030-F

A.J. Evenden, T.H. Grayson, M.L. Gilpin, C.B. Munn

{"title":"Renibacterium salmoninarum and bacterial kidney disease — the unfinished jigsaw","authors":"A.J. Evenden, T.H. Grayson, M.L. Gilpin, C.B. Munn","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90030-F","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90030-F","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is one of the most important diseases of wild and cultured salmonid fish, and has been reported from many different countries. Despite considerable effort, many pieces are still missing from the “jigsaw puzzle” which represents our knowledge of the disease, and its etiological agent Renibacterium salmoninarum. The purpose of this review is to consider current knowledge about this bacterial pathogen and the pathogenesis of BKD. It is our intention to construct a picture of the possible ways in which pathogen and host interact, in particular by high-lighting the areas where our understanding is poor and indicating how recent advances in methodology offer the prospect of improvement. The exact status of R. salmoninarum as an obligate fish pathogen, and the implications for transmission, entry, colonization, and disease progression are considered. We review the considerable progress that has been made recently through work on the molecular determinants of pathogenicity, particularly attachment, cellular invasion mechanisms, intracellular survival of the bacterium, and its interactions with the host defense mechanisms and immune system. Finally, we consider ways in which the future control of BKD through improved diagnosis, chemotherapy, and vaccination may be realized through an integrated approach to the study of BKD.</div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 87-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90030-F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 118

Virulence mechanisms in Cytophaga psychrophila and other Cytophaga-like bacteria pathogenic for fish 嗜冷细胞噬菌和其他类细胞噬菌致病性鱼类的毒力机制

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90032-7

I. Dalsgaard

{"title":"Virulence mechanisms in Cytophaga psychrophila and other Cytophaga-like bacteria pathogenic for fish","authors":"I. Dalsgaard","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90032-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90032-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The present knowledge concerning the virulence mechanisms of Cytophaga psychrophila and other Cytophaga-like pathogens for fish, including Cytophaga columnaris, Flexibacter maritimus, and Flexibacter ovolyticus is reviewed as is the taxonomic work defining the genera in the Cytophaga-Flexibacter phylogenetic branch. Although specific adhesins have not been described, many Cytophaga-like bacteria are surrounded by a thin slime layer that attaches the cells to a surface but allows their translational moves as well. Many Cytophaga-like bacteria also exhibit bacteriolytic activity, which seems to be a characteristic of the order Cytophagales, however these activities are not useful in distinguishing pathogenic from nonpathogenic strains. Extracellular proteases produced by Cytophaga columnaris and Cytophaga psychrophila have been identified as have a protease, hemolysin, LPS, and extracellular products (ECP) in Flexibacter maritimus with the ECP and hemolysin possibly being related to its pathogenicity. Four different plasmid profiles have been demonstrated in Cytophaga psychrophila but at present their role, if any, in virulence is not known. In Cytophaga psychrophila there appears to be a common species-specific antigen, and somatic antigen may be used to distinguish pathogenic from nonpathogenic strains. In spite of the importance of Cytophaga psychrophila, its pathogenicity is still poorly understood.</div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 127-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90032-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 95

Metal pollution-induced immunomodulation in fish 金属污染诱导的鱼类免疫调节

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90041-9

Judith T. Zelikoff

{"title":"Metal pollution-induced immunomodulation in fish","authors":"Judith T. Zelikoff","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90041-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90041-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The exact relationship between disease incidence in aquatic organisms and environmental pollution is not well defined. A number of mechanisms by which aquatic pollutants may act to increase disease incidence in fish have been speculated, many suggesting immunosuppression as a link in the etiology of disease among fishes in highly contaminated areas. This article will review the effects of metal pollutants on the immune responses of fish by examining in vitro and in vivo laboratory studies carried out since 1980. It will also describe how those alterations may be responsible for pollution-associated diseases in directly exposed fish. While a large number of environmental contaminants represent aquatic pollutants of concern (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated organics, and pesticides), heavy metals were selected as the pollutants for this review because of their: (a) prevalence in polluted aquatic environments; (b) immunotoxic potential in mammalian systems; (c) ability to induce tumors in exposed rodents; and (d) their overall toxicity in a variety of species. It can be concluded that a number of heavy metal pollutants shown to be immunotoxic in mammalian systems, including cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, and zic, also alter immunoregulatory functions in a variety of fish species. These alterations may ultimately lead to increased host susceptibility to infectious and malignant diseases in fish inhabiting heavy metal-contaminated waters.</div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 305-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90041-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 126

Dedication 奉献

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90025-7

引用次数: 0

Virulence factors of bacteria pathogenic for coldwater fish 冷水鱼致病性细菌的毒力因子

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90027-9

Alicia E. Toranzo, Juan L. Barja

{"title":"Virulence factors of bacteria pathogenic for coldwater fish","authors":"Alicia E. Toranzo, Juan L. Barja","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90027-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90027-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The importance of cell surface associated properties and extracellular products (ECP) as virulence factors varies among the fish pathogens considered in this review. Among members of the genus Vibrio, V. salmonicida, and V. ordalii do not secrete proteases, hemolysins, or cytotoxins, while V. anguillarum, V. vulnificus, and V. damsela are strong exotoxin producers. In V. salmonicida, the presence of a hydrophobic surface antigen, VS-P1 (40 Kd), has been described as a possible virulence determinant protecting the bacterium against the action of host serum. Although in V. anguillarum surface properties related to adherence and invasiveness, as well as different exoenzymes (i.e. hemolysins, cytotoxins, and dermatotoxins) can contribute to the development of infections, metallo-proteases, and undetermined low MW substances are the main toxins responsible for the lethality of their ECP. Whereas V. vulnificus seems to have a different mechanism of virulence for eels and mice, with the presence of a capsule being associated only with its pathogenicity for mammals, all V. damsela strains possess similar virulence determinants for poikilotherm and homoiothermic hosts secreting a potent lethal phospholipase toxin with hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. Although cell surface characteristics linked to the A layer can play a role in disease produced by Aeromonas salmonicida, the pathogenesis of furuncle formation in vivo is due to a combined effect of two enzymes, a 70 Kd serine protease and a 25 Kd phospholipase. Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Flavobacterium branchiophilum, and the gliding bacteria (Flexibacter-Cytophage spp) are producers of proteolytic enzymes, but the involvement of ECP in the first attack of external fish tissues has only been demonstrated in Flavobacterium. In P. anguilliseptica, however, a relationship between the presence of K antigens and virulence has been clearly confirmed. Yersinia ruckeri lacks most of the cell-surface virulence properties present in other pathogenic Yersinia spp., with proteases and/or hemolysins being the main toxins responsible of the lethal effects of the ECP. In contrast, ECP from Renibacterium salmoninarum are devoid of proteolytic, hemolytic, and cytotoxic activities, and are not lethal for fish. The virulence of R. salmoninarum is strongly correlated with the nature and properties of the cell envelope such as hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, hemagglutination, and the presence of a 57 Kd antigenic protein.Although in some of these bacteria, the iron-acquisition systems can play a role in their pathogenicity, only in V. anguillarum has it been conclusively demonstrated that a direct relationship exists between virulence for fish and the possesion of two siderophore-mediated iron transport mechanisms coded, respectively, by p","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 5-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90027-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 107

Retroviruses of fish 鱼类的逆转录病毒

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90035-A

Paul R. Bowser , James W. Casey

引用次数: 25

Use of monoclonal antibodies in identification and characterization of fish viruses 单克隆抗体在鱼类病毒鉴定和鉴定中的应用

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90037-C

Bruce L. Nicholson

{"title":"Use of monoclonal antibodies in identification and characterization of fish viruses","authors":"Bruce L. Nicholson","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90037-C","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90037-C","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for fish viruses have been used increasingly in fish health management programs and as tools in research. The initial and most widespread use has been in the development of improved diagnostic and virus identification assays. MAbs with broad reactivity that provide standardized reagents for use in general screening assays for particular groups of fish viruses have been developed, whereas MAbs with more restricted specificities permit the rapid serotyping of fish viruses and, in some cases, the identification of specific virus strains. The large number and variety of MAbs now available for some fish viruses, such as the aquatic birnaviruses and rhabdoviruses, present an ideal opportunity to select appropriate MAbs to construct standardized virus identification assays for use by all fish pathologists worldwide. Furthermore, these MAbs have been used to identify specific epitopes that stimulate a protective immune response to many fish viruses, and to investigate the mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of fish viruses. They also have been used to study the epidemiology of specific viruses as well as antigenic variation and the mechanisms by which new strains arise. Such information is important for the development of reliable diagnostic assays for short-term control methods as well as the development of effective vaccines for long-term control of virus diseases in fish. This article presents a brief overview of MAb production and a review of some current applications of MAbs in the identification and characterization of viruses of fish.</div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 241-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90037-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Water mold infections of freshwater fish: Recent advances 淡水鱼的水霉菌感染:最新进展

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90040-I

Edward J. Noga

{"title":"Water mold infections of freshwater fish: Recent advances","authors":"Edward J. Noga","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90040-I","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90040-I","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Various investigations have identified morphological and physiological differences among water mold isolates. There is some evidence that isolates taken from fish lesions are more infective for live fish and are more resistant to host defenses, compared to environmental isolates. Many other characteristics, including propagule retention on fish, propagule morphology, propagule response to nutrients, fungal isozyme patterns, and antigenic relatedness of fungal isolates, have been examined. However, the significance of these characteristics to pathogenicity is uncertain, either because the putative pathogenic marker does not consistently differentiate pathogenic from saprophytic isolates, or the adaptive significance of the marker is unclear. Water molds grow rapidly in dead tissue, yet do not easily cause disease in healthy, unstressed hosts. They are usually relegated to the skin and superficial muscle. The fact that they are common secondary invaders of wounds implies that in these instances there is a significant compromise of host defenses. Trauma, nutritional deficiencies, endocrine changes, and stressful water quality have been implicated. There may be major differences in how different fish species respond to such stresses. Both humoral and cellular defensive responses to invading water molds have been observed. The type of response may modulate the gross clinical signs of the resulting infection.</div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 291-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90040-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

Pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial infections in warmwater fish 温水鱼革兰氏阴性细菌感染的发病机制

Annual review of fish diseases Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(93)90028-A

Ronald L. Thune , Lisa A. Stanley , Richard K. Cooper

{"title":"Pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial infections in warmwater fish","authors":"Ronald L. Thune , Lisa A. Stanley , Richard K. Cooper","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90028-A","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0959-8030(93)90028-A","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Knowledge concerning the pathogenesis of many bacterial diseases in fish is limited, especially in those diseases that occur in warmwater species. This limited knowledge base is due to the relative recent emergence of warmwater fish culture as a major industry in many parts of the world, and to the previous economic insignificance of warmwater aquaculture and the bacterial pathogens affecting warmwater species. This article is an overview of the important gram-negative pathogens of warmwater fish, including members of the genera Aeromonas, Edwardsiella, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio. The current knowledge of the pathogenesis of these organisms is emphasized, including: the source of the pathogen, its preferred site and method for attaching to and penetrating the host, its adaptations for surviving the host immune system, and its strategies for obtaining nutrients required for proliferation and growth. Although information for many of these pathogens is limited, the intent of this article is to provide a baseline for the development of future research projects. Increases in worldwide aquaculture production will result in a demand for knowledge about the pathogenesis of bacterial pathogens in warmwater fish, because of its importance in making health management decisions, in deciding on treatment regimens, and in the development of vaccines.</div>","PeriodicalId":92872,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of fish diseases","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 37-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0959-8030(93)90028-A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54226706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 303