BMJ Open Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of value-based healthcare in ophthalmology: a scoping review.","authors":"Zulkarnain Abubakar, Amal Chalik Sjaaf, Tjahjono Darminto Gondhowiardjo, Moh Anfasa Giffari Makkaraka","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001654","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aimed to identify and summarise how value-based healthcare (VBHC) is implemented in the field of ophthalmology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted by searching empirical and non-empirical articles from from electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest and Scopus) and other methods starting January 2006 (the year Porter and Teisberg introduced VBHC) up to 31 December 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1.081 records were screened, and 12 articles (8 empirical studies and 4 non-empirical articles) were used for data extraction. Most articles were published in the UK. Most articles described the implementation of VBHC agenda by measuring outcomes and costs. All the included empirical studies reported implementation effect; otherwise, non-empirical articles were only described proposed implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of VBHC in ophthalmology has shown a positive impact on enhancing patient value and reducing healthcare costs. Nevertheless, the study highlighted that no provider or healthcare system has fully embraced and implemented VBHC, comprehensively addressing the entire value agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astigmatism and maternal myopia as important factors affecting success rate of DIMS lens treatment","authors":"Patricia Domsa, Éva M Bankó, Judit Körtvélyes, Christof Meigen, Rita Széchey, Krisztina Lantos, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, Adrienne Csutak","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001499","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To assess the efficacy of myopia control spectacle lenses (defocus incorporated multiple segments/DIMS) in slowing myopia progression among a diverse Central European paediatric population and investigate the contribution of baseline parameters on treatment outcomes. Methods and analysis This retrospective observational study included 62 individuals aged 4–17 years (mean±SD: 10.21±2.70) with progressing myopia but without ocular pathology with a range of −0.88 to −8.25 D spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (−3.73±1.56), coupled with astigmatism up to −3.25 D cylindrical. All participants were prescribed DIMS (Hoya MiyoSmart) spectacles. Key outcome variables were cycloplegic SER, measured for all participants and axial length (AL), assessed in a subset of patients, recorded at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Quality of life assessments were conducted at baseline, at 2 weeks, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Additionally, parental myopic dioptre was recorded when applicable. Results At the 12-month mark, myopia progression in patients (mean±SE: −0.40±0.05) mirrored findings from prior European DIMS studies, but with 50% of patients showing no progression. A multivariate analysis of covariance model revealed that baseline astigmatism and younger age adversely affected therapy outcomes in both SER and AL, while severe maternal myopia led to greater SER progression. In contrast, only young age but not astigmatism was associated with AL increase in a comparable group of children with myopia, part of the LIFE Child Study, wearing single-vision spectacles. Patients reported consistent satisfaction with treatment, with minimal side effects, which diminished over the year. Conclusion In the European population, astigmatism, young age and severe maternal myopia are risk factors for suboptimal outcomes following DIMS therapy. Further research is necessary to elucidate the impact of astigmatism on myopic defocus therapy. Data are available upon reasonable request. Deidentified participant data are available on reasonable request from PD (domsa.patricia@npumail.hu). Data reuse is only permitted with permission from PD.","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"11 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thinning, perfusion changes and optic neuropathy in carriers of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy-associated mitochondrial variants","authors":"Clare Quigley, Kirk A J Stephenson, Paul F Kenna, Lorraine Cassidy","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001295","url":null,"abstract":"Background We investigated Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) families for variation in peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and perfusion, and associated optic nerve dysfunction. Method A group of LHON-affected patients (n=12) and their asymptomatic maternal relatives (n=16) underwent examination including visual acuity (VA), visual-evoked-potential and optic nerve imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). A control sample was also examined (n=10). The software imageJ was used to measure perfusion by assessing vessel density (VD), and statistical software ‘R’ was used to analyse data. Results The LHON-affected group (n=12) had significantly reduced peripapillary VD (median 7.9%, p=0.046). Overall, the LHON asymptomatic relatives (n=16) had no significant change in peripapillary VD (p=0.166), though three eyes had VD which fell below the derived normal range at 6% each, with variable VA from normal to blindness; LogMAR median 0, range 0–2.4. In contrast, RNFL thickness was significantly reduced in the LHON-affected group (median 51 µm, p=0.003), and in asymptomatic relatives (median 90 µm, p=0.01), compared with controls (median 101 µm). RNFL thinning had greater specificity compared with reduced perfusion for optic nerve dysfunction in asymptomatic carriers (92% vs 66%). Conclusion Overall, reduced peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer perfusion was observed in those affected by LHON but was not reduced in their asymptomatic relatives, unlike RNFL thinning which was significantly reduced in both groups versus controls. The presence of RNFL changes was associated with signs of optic neuropathy in asymptomatic relatives. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method comparison and overview of refractive measurements in children: implications for myopia management.","authors":"Jonas Müller, Xiaoqin Chen, Arne Ohlendorf, Lihua Li, Siegfried Wahl","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001322","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the agreement between objective wavefront-based refraction and subjective refraction in myopic children. It also assessed the impact of cyclopentolate and refraction levels on the agreement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 84 eyes of myopic children aged 6-13 years were included in the analysis. Non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic objective wavefront-based refraction were determined and cycloplegic subjective refraction was performed for each participant. The data were converted into spherical equivalent, J₀ and J₄₅, and Bland-Altman plots were used to analyse the agreement between methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear functions were used to determine the dependency between the central myopic refractive error and the difference between the method of refraction (=bias). The influence of central myopia was not clinically relevant when analysing the agreement between wavefront results with and without cyclopentolate (comparison 1). The bias for wavefront-based minus subjective spherical equivalent refraction (comparison 2) was ≤-0.50 D (95% limits of agreement -0.010 D to -1.00 D) for myopia of -4.55 D and higher when cycloplegia was used (p<0.05). When no cyclopentolate was used for the wavefront-based refraction (comparison 3), the bias of -0.50 D (95% limits of agreement -0.020 D to -0.97 D) was already reached at a myopic error of -2.97 D. Both astigmatic components showed no clinically relevant bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The spherical equivalent, measured without cycloplegic agents, led to more myopic measurements when wavefront-based refraction was used. The observed bias increased with the amount of myopic refractive error for comparisons 2 and 3, which needs to be considered when interpreting wavefront-refraction data.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT05288335.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research productivity and gender of research award recipients in international ophthalmology societies.","authors":"Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Dipti Satvi Venkatesh, Ankita Biyani, Sanyam Ratan, Gun Min Youn, Albert Y Wu","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001323","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to assess the research productivity and gender of award recipients of ophthalmology research awards in international societies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective, observational study. The study population included award recipients of research awards from 36 ophthalmologic societies (listed on the International Council of Ophthalmology database) in 99 years (1922-2021). A gender-specific pronoun and a photograph of each award recipient were extracted from professional websites to assign their gender. Research productivity levels were retrieved from the Elsevier Scopus author database. The main outcome measures were gender distribution of award recipients per year, mean h-index per year, mean m-quotient per year, mean h-index by society, and mean m-quotient by society.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 2506 recipients for 122 awards, 1897 (75.7%) were men and 609 (24.3%) were women. The proportion of woman recipients increased from 0% in 1922 to 41.0% in 2021. Compared with 2000-2010 (19.8%, 109 of 550), women received a greater proportion of awards (48.4%, 459 of 949) in the last decade, from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, men more often had greater h-index scores and m-quotient scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women received awards (24.3%) at a lower rate than men (75.7%) while also exhibiting lower productivity, supporting the existence of a gender disparity. Our study found that women are under-represented in research awards, and further investigation into award selection processes and gender membership data is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs and views on eye health and women's empowerment and theory of change map: implication on the development of a women-targeted eyecare programme for older Zanzibari craftswomen.","authors":"Fatma Omar, Kayleigh McCluskey, Eden Mashayo, Ai Chee Yong, Damaris Mulewa, Christine Graham, Carlos Price-Sanchez, Omar Othman, Ronnie Graham, Ving Fai Chan","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001292","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess needs and views regarding eye health and empowerment from craftswomen's perspectives to develop a theory of change (ToC) for a women-targeted eyecare programme.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Eighteen stakeholders participated in a 2-day consultation workshop in Zanzibar. The composition was (1) 15 women and 3 men; (2) Unguja (n=8), Pemba (n=6) and Tanzania mainland (n=4) and (3) craftswomen (n=14) and governmental stakeholders (n=4). Thematic analysis determined the craftswomen's needs and views regarding eye health and empowerment and subsequently inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes and impact to develop the programme's initial ToC. In refining the initial ToC, we used insights from a qualitative study suggesting that improved near vision is perceived by craftswomen as a potential source of empowerment across economic, psychological, social, political and educational dimensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eye conditions experienced by the craftswomen were eye irritation caused by foreign bodies, the need for near spectacles and other eye morbidities. They were advised by the cooperatives to visit eye health centres for treatment. The main barriers to accessing services were inaccessibility and unaffordability of eye services and a lack of eye health knowledge and practices. Nineteen subthemes on women empowerment (economic n=4, social n=4, psychological n=6, education n=2 and political n=3) were obtained. We created a ToC on how investing in improving craftswomen near vision could achieve empowerment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The participants provided insights into their needs and how they would like the eyecare programme to be implemented and how they see they could be empowered in the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10895232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of performance and safety of Corneal Chamber hypothermic storage medium and PSS-L corneal rinsing solution in human and porcine corneas.","authors":"Laura Giurgola, Umberto Rodella, Claudio Gatto, Orietta Rossi, Claudia Honisch, Eugenio Ragazzi, Paolo Ruzza, Stefano Ferrari, Jana D'Amato Tóthová","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001453","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To prove the safety and performance of the hypothermic corneal storage medium \"Corneal Chamber\" and the rinsing solution \"PSS-L\" in support of the new <i>Conformité Européenne</i> (CE) certification process in accordance with the Medical Device Regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen (n=15) human donor corneas and 11 (n=11) porcine corneas were evaluated for the following parameters: endothelial cell density (ECD) and mortality, percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX%), coefficient of cellular area variation (CV%) and corneal transparency at Day 0 and after 14±1 days of storage in Corneal Chamber medium at 2-8°C. Then, the same parameters were assessed after rinsing of corneas in PSS-L for 1 min at room temperature. Evaluation of gentamicin sulfate carryover after corneal storage and PSS-L rinsing was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis on human corneas homogenates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Human and porcine corneas stored in Corneal Chamber medium showed a good overall quality of the tissue according to the quality parameters evaluated. In particular, mean ECD, HEX% and CV% did not show statistically significant changes at the end of storage and endothelial mortality increased to 3.1±3.3 and 7.8±3.5% in human and porcine corneas, respectively. Tissue rinsing with PSS-L did not affect the quality parameters evaluated before and gentamicin sulfate residues were absent in human corneas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Corneal preservation in Corneal Chamber medium at 2-8°C for 14 days and the corneal rinse with PSS-L are safe and effective procedures allowing the preservation of the corneal quality parameters as well as the complete elimination of gentamicin sulfate from the tissues before transplantation.Cite Now.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139930150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation between a history of glaucoma and subjective happiness: the JPHC-Next study.","authors":"Ryutaro Yamanishi, Erisa Yotsukura, Akiko Hanyuda, Miki Uchino, Kenya Yuki, Kazuno Negishi, Nobufumi Yasuda, Isao Saito, Tadahiro Kato, Kazuhiko Arima, Kiyoshi Aoyagi, Kozo Tanno, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Isao Muraki, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001553","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This population-based, cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the relationship between a history of glaucoma and subjective happiness.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of 92 397 Japanese men and women aged 40-74 who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation study. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the ORs of glaucoma associated with subjective happiness and their two-sided 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 40 727 men and 51 670 women, 1733 participants (635 men, 1098 women) had a history of glaucoma. The odds of unhappiness in male participants with a history of glaucoma were higher (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.51) than in female participants (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.23). In a subgroup analysis stratified by age, among participants with a history of glaucoma, males in the younger group (40-59 years) showed the most robust association with unhappiness (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that a history of glaucoma is related with subjective unhappiness, especially in men.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10882359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of visual field change and functional progression in glaucoma following trabecular microbypass implantation of iStent technologies: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Kevin Gillmann, Dana M Hornbeak","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001575","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>While intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression, the ultimate goal of glaucoma management is to preserve patients' functional vision and quality of life. To this end, minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGSs) aim to reduce IOP with minimal eye trauma. Commonly used MIGS devices include iStent technologies, which have well-documented IOP-reducing potential and favourable safety profiles. However, no study concluded on their effect on the rates of visual field (VF) changes. The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the long-term effect of iStent technology implantation on glaucoma functional progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic medical literature databases were searched to identify studies reporting on iStent technologies. Reports with follow-up durations <12 months, retention rates <75% and missing VF data were excluded. Fifteen studies reporting on 1115 eyes were identified. The overall weighted mean VF mean deviation (MD) progression, IOP reduction and follow-up duration were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weighted mean IOP at baseline was 19.0±3.1 mm Hg. At the end of a 37.9-month mean follow-up (range 12-96 months), a weighted mean 26.6% IOP reduction was achieved (range 15.2%-42.3%). Over the same duration, the weighted mean VF MD progression rate was -0.02±0.34 dBs/year, from a mean baseline of -5.76±5.68 dBs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this review, which examines functional stability of 1115 eyes, iStent technologies achieved a mean rate of progression of -0.024 dBs/year with serial standard automated perimetry, which is similar to that reported in non-glaucomatous eyes and slower than that reported in medically treated glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10875546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neovascular age-related macular degeneration: disease pathogenesis and current state of molecular biomarkers predicting treatment response-a scoping review.","authors":"Nikolaos Dervenis, Panagiotis Dervenis, Eleftherios Agorogiannis","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001516","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration is a major cause of blindness, and the development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal treatments has revolutionised the management of the disease. At the same time, new challenges and unmet needs arose due to the limitations of the current therapeutic options. Neovascularisation development during the course of the disease has a complex pathogenetic mechanism, and several biomarkers and their association with treatment outcomes have been investigated. We reviewed the relevant literature about neovascularisation development and biomarkers related to response to treatment. Improving our knowledge on the field can improve patient outcomes and offer personalised care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10862285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139715827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}