Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Renal Dysfunction Among hiv Infected Children Attending hiv clinic at Dodoma Referal Regional Hospital and Makole health Centre.","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) is a multisystem disease that contributes to significant morbidity. Renal involvement is reported to be common among patients with HIV. This study was carried out to determine renal involvement using simple bedside tests combined with ultrasonography examination. Methodology: A crossectional Study design was carried out and included, The Total number of 236 Children’s Infected with HIV were Recruited at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital and Makole Urban Health Centre. During the study Population included HIV/AIDS Positive Children male and Female were aged less than 15 years whether on or not on HAART regimen. The study duration was carried out for the period of six months (6 months). Results: The prevalence and factors associated with Renal dysfunction in HIV infected Children were among boys and girls Recruited infected children’s were 52.5% and 47.5% Respectively and were by those accounting below 5 years were 39.8% and among above of Five years of the age recruited were 60.2% .The association of the number of the infected children with renal dysfunction prevalence was 56% and The association between HIV with the renal dysfunction with the estimated eGlomerular Filtration (eGFR) of below <60ml/min of the patient recruited below five years were 7.6% and above 5< Years of Age recruited were 80.8% with significantly P Value <0.001.Enrolled Children with Proteinuria Investigated accounted for the 20.5 % .With this similar study that was conducted at MNH Fredrick et al which correlated with our study and findings. Proportional of the children with anemia account for Renal Dysfunction was 91.7% with significance P Value < 0.019. Conclusion: The prevalence of renal dysfunction among recruited patients were 56% and this finding are higher compared to previously research study. The association of Renal Dysfunction that were included in the study showed proportional with the association of High viral load, low CD4 count, Drug adherence, Malnutrition, Comorbidities anemia and over all HIV Human Immuno deficiency Staging.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45578147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dysfunction in Males Receiving Buprenorphine-Naloxone Based Opioid Substitution Therapy","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abuse of opioids and related substances have exerted a tremendous economic, social, legal impact apart from its dire consequences on the individual user’s health. Heroin is a quite common illicit opioid that is covertly made available by illegal traders and has a wide client base. The abuser self-administers heroin by two common methods, namely chasing and intravenous injection. Intravenous administration is associated with high risks of contracting parenterally transmitted infections like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, as well as infective endocarditis, thrombophlebitis etc. The unsafe injecting practices include sharing of needles, syringes, and other paraphernalia. The National Aids Control Programme, currently in its fourth phase (NACP-IV), makes provisions for strategies known as ‘harm reduction’ to prevent transmission of HIV among intravenous drug users. The harm reduction strategies include needle syringe exchange programme (NSEP), behaviour change communication (BCC), outreach, condom promotion, and substitution therapy (1).","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42931652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Degrees of Vape Use Relate to Illicit Substance Use by Youth Aged 13 To 17 in The United States","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Neurobiology studies on co-occurrence of nicotine and addiction indicate that nicotine primes the brain for greater likelihood of experimentation with illicit drugs and increases risk of addiction. Young people, whose brains are still developing, may experience greater and longer lasting neurobiological changes upon addiction or even mere exposure to nicotine [1]. In laboratory experiments, mice pre-exposed with nicotine via cigarette or vape demonstrated addictive behaviors around THC; however, mice pre-exposed with normal air did not demonstrate these addictive behaviors [2]. Nicotine use can also increase the rewarding feeling derived from using other mind-altering drugs; therefore, vaping itself may be a dangerous gateway that increases the propensity for other types of substance use and addiction [3].","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45026161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Impact of Smoking Tobacco Among Adolescents: An Explorative Qualitative Study from Gumuz Community, Benishangul Gumuz Region of Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco is commonly smoked among adolescents, but is very harmful for public health. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of smoking tobacco among Gumuz adolescents in Debatie District of Benishangul Gumuz regional state of Ethiopia. It mainly focus’ on adolescents who use pipe or smokeless tobacco regularly. Methods: The study employed qualitative research method with case study design. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants of the study for in depth interview, focused group discussion, and key informant interview data collection tools. The collected data was analyzed through thematic data analysis techniques. Results: Smoking tobacco has a negative impact on people’s economy. The economic ability of Gumuz adolescents is unable to fulfil basic needs: food, clothing and stationery materials due to the inability to save money through tobacco addition. The result also indicated the social impact of tobacco such as addictions, an aid for alleviating stress, tiredness and fatigue, hygiene problem and limited social interaction. Principally, it has an impact on mental and physical health such as the physical change, yawning, cancer, coughing, stress, headache, diabetes, watering of their eyes and loss of appetite. It also impacts on their education from a lack of attention, failure to attend classes and a low enrolment rate in schools. Conclusion: From the findings, it can be deduced that, the habits of smoking tobacco among Gumuz adolescents victimized for economical loses, limited social capital, hygiene and health problems. Therefore, attention should be given from this study area through conducting project and research, providing community awareness programmes and education for immediate health interventions.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48387738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcoholism Is an Addiction, Not a Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"I will argue that addictions are not diseases, and certainly not chronic brain diseases. Diseases do not bring about pleasure or expectations of pleasure. Diseases are qualitatively different from behavioral extremes. Addictions are simply extremes of behavior. They are addictions, a kind of its own. The necessary cause is a normal but extreme desire for enjoyment (or happiness, pleasure or serenity). Triggering causes vary, and these are usually different for different people. Together they constitute the sufficient cause.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48547970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Australian Policy Makers’ Perceptions of eHealth Interventions","authors":"A. Subahe, P. Baker, J. Carroll","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-460457/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-460457/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: The increasing volume of research on electronic health (eHealth) smoking cessation interventions presents a challenge for policymakers and service providers when they try to decide which strategies to select for health promotion programs. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Australian policymakers and service providers regarding the effectiveness and quality of eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation against the evidence in a recent systematic review. Methods: This cross-sectional study invited 38 Australian public health policymakers and service providers in smoking cessation to participate in an online survey assessing their knowledge of the current available evidence-base. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the results of the survey against the published review. Results: Eighteen participants completed the survey. Comparison identified that the majority of participants failed to correctly identify the effects and the quality of the evidence of popular smoking cessation interventions. They lacked knowledge of the usefulness and quality of some eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation. Conclusions: The finding of this study indicates that the prior perceptions and beliefs held by Australian policymakers and service providers about the effects of eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation are significantly detached enough from the evidence-base to affect the provision of effective interventions to smokers who want to quit.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43538365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Shadow Paradigm in Recovery Pascal Scoles, DSW, LCSW","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"In recovery, the Shadow Paradigm is the accumulation of an individual’s life events, including frustrations, fears, and common adversarial behaviors. A person’s Shadow Paradigm shapes their life experiences and determines their worldview. The ability to cope with stress and adversity and return to a normal state of daily functioning by avoiding negative consequences of one’s behavior is usually related to a person’s shadow paradigm. Favorable resolution of a person’s Shadow is often one’s capacity and opportunity to navigate and negotiate their way to psychological, social, cultural, and physical resources that sustain a positive outlook on all of life’s experiences. Building a resilient, healthy life is related to a person’s propensity to command and shape their Shadow Paradigm. One’s capacity to manage: Denial, Projection, Rationalization, negative Acting Out Behavior while minimizing Enabling and Codependent behaviors determines an individual’s ability to deal with adversity effectively. Change is often related to an individual’s capacity to manage, adapt and integrate new knowledge that facilitates a more positive, productive view of their past and how it influences a person’s recovery in the present and future. If one stops old behaviors without new activity, he/she is doomed to failure. The ability to cope with stress and adversity and return to a normal state of daily functioning by avoiding negative consequences of one’s behavior is usually related to a person’s shadow paradigm (1-3).","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48600619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Addiction of Employees: Damages to Quality of Life in Organizations?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The expanded use of digital technological has transformed human behavior by altering the collective environment of organizations, by changing people’s dynamics and quality of life. Our objective was to investigate the level of digital addiction among employees in a Brazilian Federal corporation of Information and Communication Technology. method: Online application of a previously validated 20-item questionnaire constructed to evaluate the level of digital addiction within the workplace. A sample of 301 volunteers from the entire staff of the surveyed organization was selected. results: Collected data were submitted to a question-by-question percentage evaluation; individual results were not discussed. Tabulated results were submitted to statistical evaluation and showed the collective level digital addiction detected by each question. Results suggested the occurrence of moderate to severe addiction, but the overall addiction level was low. conclusion: Results demonstrate the digital addiction stage of the sample studied, contribute to the debate of this collective phenomenon in organizations and may stimulate other similar projects.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45383357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Trends in Catgut Therapy Using Textile Materials","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article comprehensively reviews recent developments in textile materials used for catgut embedding therapy applications. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) monofilament has been regarded as an excellent acupoint catgut embedding therapy (ACET) material because it offers numerous advantages, including easy accessibility and good forming and degradable properties. However, the poor hydrophilicity and cytocompatibility are the main disadvantages preventing it from having wider applications. Chitosan coating on acupoint catgut embedding therapy (ACET) is a critical issue in improving the comprehensive performances of embedding materials. However, the existing coating technologies have struggled to keep pace with both the academic study and industrial production. This work proposed a novel chitosan coating system consisted of pretreatment, spray-coating and rolling and drying parts. To evaluate the feasibility of this system, four types of monofilaments, namely polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), polydioxanone (PDO) and polyglycolide acid (PGA), were adopted and their properties, such as swelling, compression and hydrophilicity, were also measured. Surgical site infections are liable to cause significant postoperative morbidity and increase health costs. However, polylactic acid and poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) acupoint catgut-embedding therapy materials used to stimulate certain points for curing diseases are typically devoid of antibacterial activity. Novel polylactic acid and poly (D, L-lactide-coglycolide) embedding materials have been developed with effective antibacterial properties via chitosan-coating treatment that retained their inherent excellent characteristics. Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy (ACET) is considered one of the most promising technologies to replace traditional acupuncture therapy in clinical settings. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) monofilament shows great potential for ACET applications due to its advantages of good formability and biodegradability. The ideal embedding materials are required to have excellent swelling, mechanical, and antibacterial properties. For this paper we prepared two types of PGA monofilaments by first using the melt-spinning method and then applying chitosan onto the PGA monofilaments at three different concentrations.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46456630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical modelling and analysis on COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.05.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.05.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus called COVID-19 has raged across the world since December 2019. The novel coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to Asia and now many countries around the world are affected by the epidemic. The deaths of many patients, including medical staff, caused social panic, media attention, and high attention from governments and world organizations. Today, with the joint efforts of the government, the doctors and all walks of life, the epidemic in Hubei Province has been brought under control, preventing its spread from affecting the lives of the people. Because of its rapid spread and serious consequences, this sudden novel coronary pneumonia epidemic has become an important social hot spot event. Through the analysis of the novel coronary pneumonia epidemic situation, we can also have a better understanding of sudden infectious diseases in the future, so that we can take more effective response measures, establish a truly predictable and provide reliable and sufficient information for prevention and control model. Methods: We establish different models according to the different developments of the epidemic situation, different time points, and different response measures taken by the government. To be specific, during the period of 2020.1.23-2020.2.7, the traditional SIR model is adopted; during the period of 2020.2.8-2020.3.30, according to the scientific research results, it was considered that the novel coronary pneumonia has a latent period, soin the later phase of epidemic development, the government has effectively isolated patients, thus we adopt the SEIQR model accordingly. During the period of 2020.3.31-2020.5.16, because more asymptomatic infected people were found, we use the SEIQLR model to fit. Finally, through a SEIR simulator, considering the susceptible number, the latent number, the infected number, the cured number, death number and other factors, we simulate the change of various numbers of people from the beginning to the next 180 days of novel coronary pneumonia. Findings: The results based on the analysis of differential equations and kinetic models show that through the prediction of the model established in the first phase, the epidemic situation of novel coronary pneumonia in Hubei Province was controlled at the end of March, which is in line with the actual situation. The rest of Hubei province, except for Wuhan, lifted control of the departure channel from 0:00 am on March 25, and Wuhan was also unblocked on April 8. Through the establishment of the secondphase model, it is found that the epidemic situation will reach its peak in mid-February. For example, the quarantine admission of the hospital declined after mid-February, which is inseparable from the measures to build square cabin hospitals in early February so that more and more patients can be admitted. The model established in the third phase shows that the epidemic had been comple","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48102294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}