British Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Paris air quality monitoring for the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics: focus on air pollutants and pollen.","authors":"Valerie Bougault, Richard Valorso, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Dominique Baisnee, Nicolas Visez, Gilles Oliver, Jordan Bureau, Fatine Abdoussi, Veronique Ghersi, Gilles Foret","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108129","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to air pollution can affect the health of individuals with respiratory disease, but may also impede the health and performance of athletes. This is potentially relevant for people travelling to and competing in the Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG) in Paris. We describe anticipated air quality in Paris based on historical monitoring data and describe the impact of the process on the development of monitoring strategies for future international sporting events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Air pollutant data for July to September 2020-2023 and pollen data for 2015-2022 were provided by Airparif (particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃)) and RNSA stations in the Paris region. Airparif's street-level numerical modelling provided spatial data for the OPG venues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum daily mean PM_2.5 was 11±6 µg/m³ at traffic stations, below the WHO recommended daily air quality threshold (AQT). Daily NO₂ concentrations ranged from 5±3 µg/m³ in rural areas to 17±14 µgm³ in urban areas. Near traffic stations, this rose to 40±24 µg/m³ exceeding the WHO AQT. Both peaked around 06:00 and 20:00 UTC (coordinated universal time). The ambient O₃ level exceeded the AQT on 20 days per month and peaked at 14:00 UTC. The main allergenic taxa from June to September was Poaceae (ie, grass pollen variety).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Air pollutant levels are expected to be within accepted air quality thresholds at the Paris OPG. However, O₃ concentrations may be significantly raised in very hot and clear conditions and grass pollen levels will be high, prompting a need to consider and manage this risk in susceptible individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ice challenge in recent summer olympic games.","authors":"Sebastien Racinais, Mohammed Ihsan, Marie-Elaine Grant, Valentin Dablainville, Yohan Rousse, Wolfgang Schobersberger, Richard Budgett, Lars Engebretsen","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108664","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of therapeutic use exemptions at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games: an analysis of data from 2016 to 2022.","authors":"Alan Vernec, David Healy, Tamar Banon, Andrea Petroczi","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108266","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study are to describe the prevalence of therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs) among athletes competing in four Olympic and four Paralympic games. The secondary objective was to present the prohibited substance and methods classes associated with TUEs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Anti-Doping Administration and Management System were extracted for this cross-sectional observation study. Eight cohorts were created to include athletes with TUEs who competed in the Rio 2016, Pyeongchang 2018, Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic games. Prevalence of TUEs and proportion of prohibited substance and methods classes were defined as percentages among all athletes competing at each games.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>28 583 athletes competed in four editions of the Olympic games. Total prevalence of athletes with TUEs was 0.90% among all competitors. At the four Paralympic games, a total of 9852 athletes competed and the total TUE prevalence was 2.76%. The most frequently observed substances associated with TUEs at the Summer Olympics were glucocorticoids (0.50% in Rio) and stimulants (0.39% in Tokyo). At the Summer Paralympics, diuretics (0.79% in Rio) and stimulants (0.75% in Tokyo) were the most common. Winter games had somewhat similar trends, although TUE numbers were very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of athletes competing with valid TUEs at the Olympic and Paralympic games was <1% and <3%, respectively. Variations in substances and methods associated with TUEs for different medical conditions were identified. Nevertheless, numbers were low, further reaffirming that TUEs are not widespread in elite sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport: ReFORM synthesis of the International Olympic Committee consensus statement.","authors":"Pascal Edouard, Camille Tooth","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108516","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an exercise intervention to minimise hip bone mineral density loss following traumatic lower limb amputation: a Delphi study.","authors":"Fearghal P Behan, Anthony M J Bull, Belinda R Beck, Katherine Brooke-Wavell, Ralph Müller, Laurence Vico, Hanna Isaksson, Nicholas C Harvey, Arjan Buis, Kate Sherman, Gemma Jefferson, Daniel J Cleather, Alison McGregor, Alexander N Bennett","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elicit expert opinion and gain consensus on specific exercise intervention parameters to minimise hip bone mineral density (BMD) loss following traumatic lower limb amputation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In three Delphi rounds, statements were presented to a panel of 13 experts from six countries. Experts were identified through publications or clinical expertise. Round 1 involved participants rating their agreement with 22 exercise prescription statements regarding BMD loss post amputation using a 5-point Likert scale. Agreement was deemed as 3-4 on the scale (agree/strongly agree). Statements of <50% agreement were excluded. Round 2 repeated remaining statements alongside round 1 feedback. Round 3 allowed reflection on round 2 responses considering group findings and the chance to change or maintain the resp onse. Round 3 statements reaching ≥70% agreement were defined as consensus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 13 experts completed rounds 1, 2 and 3 (100% completion). Round 1 excluded 12 statements and added 1 statement (11 statements for rounds 2-3). Round 3 reached consensus on nine statements to guide future exercise interventions. Experts agreed that exercise interventions should be performed at least 2 days per week for a minimum of 6 months, including at least three different resistance exercises at an intensity of 8-12 repetitions. Interventions should include weight-bearing and multiplanar exercises, involve high-impact activities and be supervised initially.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This expert Delphi process achieved consensus on nine items related to exercise prescription to minimise hip BMD loss following traumatic lower limb amputation. These recommendations should be tested in future interventional trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Olympic journey—presenting a contemporary paradigm for elite-level youth athletes","authors":"Michael F Bergeron","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108837","url":null,"abstract":"The global youth sports landscape continues to exhibit pronounced growth providing increasing and exciting opportunities for youth athletes to compete on the world’s sports stage. Likewise, there is a parallel growing concern whether the existing minimum age eligibility requirements (AERs) across the International Federations for youth participation in the Olympic Games are appropriate. For those sport disciplines that have AERs, the current age thresholds are largely variable and not fully scientifically informed, and the limited research and supporting evidence relied on are notably complicated by the distinctively vulnerable age range of concern. Adolescence is inherently dynamic and non-linear with asynchronous development of numerous physical, physiological, psychological and social attributes within and between individuals. Accordingly, each athlete’s personal development profile uniquely affects their own athletic development and corresponding performance and risk in sport. Whereas an apt discipline-specific or overall AER is arguably warranted, precisely where those respective limits should be sensibly established cannot be easily defined. What is more, an AER alone (although convenient) would not be sufficient in enabling …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of muscle strength training combined with aerobic training versus aerobic training alone on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials","authors":"Tasuku Terada, Robert Pap, Abby Thomas, Roger Wei, Takumi Noda, Sarah Visintini, Jennifer L Reed","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108530","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To compare the effects of aerobic training combined with muscle strength training (hereafter referred to as combined training) to aerobic training alone on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, trial registries and grey literature sources were searched in February 2024. Eligibility criteria Randomised clinical trials comparing the effects of ≥4 weeks of combined training and aerobic training alone on at least one of the following outcomes: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), anthropometric and haemodynamic measures and cardiometabolic blood biomarkers in patients with CAD. Results Of 13 246 studies screened, 23 were included (N=916). Combined training was more effective in increasing CRF (standard mean difference (SMD) 0.26, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.49, p=0.03) and lean body mass (mean difference (MD) 0.78 kg, 95% CI 0.39 kg to 1.17 kg, p<0.001), and reducing per cent body fat (MD −2.2%, 95% CI −3.5% to −0.9%, p=0.001) compared with aerobic training alone. There were no differences in the cardiometabolic biomarkers between the groups. Our subgroup analyses showed that combined training increases CRF more than aerobic training alone when muscle strength training was added to aerobic training without compromising aerobic training volume (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.68, p=0.02). Conclusion Combined training had greater effects on CRF and body composition than aerobic training alone in patients with CAD. To promote an increase in CRF in patients with CAD, muscle strength training should be added to aerobic training without reducing aerobic exercise volume. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic mapping review of player safety, sport science and clinical care in lacrosse","authors":"Kyle Wallace, Samantha E. Scarneo-Miller, Jennifer Monnin, Andrew E Lincoln, Omar Hraky, Griffith Gosnell, Suin Jeong, Wilson Skinner, Eliana Schaefer, Dharmi K Desai, Shane V Caswell","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108298","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The objective is to comprehensively classify the types, topics and populations represented in the published lacrosse literature. Design Mapping review. Protocol registration at Open Science Framework (<https://osf.io/kz4e6>). Data sources 10 electronic databases were searched from inception to 31 March 2023. Eligibility criteria Peer-reviewed studies in English that included lacrosse were eligible. Publications without participant demographic or lacrosse-specific data were excluded. Results We identified 498 articles pertaining to lacrosse, with 270 (54.2%) focused on player safety, 128 (25.7%) on sport science and 74 (14.9%) on clinical care. Musculoskeletal injury was the focus of 179 studies (35.9%), and the most common study design was cross-sectional (n=162, 32.5%). Most (n=423, 84.9%) originated in the USA. Over half (n=254, 51.0%) were published since 2017. 216 articles (43.4%) included female and male athletes, while 112 (22.5%) and 142 (28.5%) focused solely on female and male athletes, respectively. Collegiate athletes were the most frequent study population (n=277, 55.6%), and traditional field lacrosse was the focus of 298 (59.8%) articles. We observed that 77.1% (27/35) of quasiexperimental, 91.3% (21/23) of randomised controlled trials and 62.1% (18/29) of systematic reviews had a high or moderate risk of bias. Conclusion The vast majority of lacrosse research originates from the USA, is in collegiate athletes, with a focus on player safety, and has a high risk of bias. With the sport’s inclusion in the 2028 Olympics and growing global participation, higher quality research studies that are more inclusive and adaptable to diverse athletic groups and changing gameplay parameters are needed. Data are available in a public, open access repository. Appendices for this manuscript are available on Open Science Framework (<https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KNS3E>) and are linked to our original a priori protocol. All included articles in this mapping review, with data coding, are available online (appendix 1). Unfilled JBI checklists are available online (appendix 2). Completed JBI checklists for all included articles are available online (appendix 3).","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between growth, maturation and injury in youth athletes engaged in elite pathways: a scoping review","authors":"Gemma N Parry, Sean Williams, Carly D McKay, David J Johnson, Michael F Bergeron, Sean P Cumming","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108233","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To describe the evidence pertaining to associations between growth, maturation and injury in elite youth athletes. Design Scoping review. Data sources Electronic databases (SPORTDiscus, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science) searched on 30 May 2023. Eligibility criteria Original studies published since 2000 using quantitative or qualitative designs investigating associations between growth, maturation and injury in elite youth athletes. Results From an initial 518 titles, 36 full-text articles were evaluated, of which 30 were eligible for final inclusion. Most studies were quantitative and employed prospective designs. Significant heterogeneity was evident across samples and in the operationalisation and measurement of growth, maturation and injury. Injury incidence and burden generally increased with maturity status, although growth-related injuries peaked during the adolescent growth spurt. More rapid growth in stature and of the lower limbs was associated with greater injury incidence and burden. While maturity timing did not show a clear or consistent association with injury, it may contribute to risk and burden due to variations in maturity status. Conclusion Evidence suggests that the processes of growth and maturation contribute to injury risk and burden in elite youth athletes, although the nature of the association varies with injury type. More research investigating the main and interactive effects on growth and maturation on injury is warranted, especially in female athletes and across a greater diversity of sports. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. Data relevant to the study have been uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health And Performance Promotion in Youth (HAPPY) hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised trial: comparison of two strategies to implement an injury prevention exercise programme in Danish youth handball","authors":"Merete Møller, Lotte Nygaard Andersen, Sören Möller, Alice Kongsted, Carsten B Juhl, Ewa M Roos","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2023-107880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-107880","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate if a combination of an online and onsite implementation strategy was superior to an online-only strategy in enhancing the use of an injury prevention exercise programme (IPEP) and in reducing the risk of shoulder, knee and ankle injuries in youth community handball players (age 11–17) over a handball season. Methods In this 30-week hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised type 3 study, 20 youth handball clubs were randomly assigned 1:1 to either a combined online and onsite implementation strategy (coach workshop using the health action process approach behaviour change model and health service provider (HSP) support) or an online-only strategy (control group). The primary implementation outcome was coach-reported adherence, measured as the average IPEP exercise usage by the team over 30 weeks. The primary effectiveness outcome was player-reported handball playing time to any new handball-related shoulder, knee and ankle injuries, reported weekly using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems. Results We enrolled 63 coaches (27% women) and 945 players (mean age 14.5 years, 55% girls). Intention-to-treat analyses showed no statistically significant difference between implementation strategies in adherence (between-group difference 1.4, 95% CI −0.5 to 3.4) or in cumulative injury risk (between-group difference 5.5% points, 95% CI −2.2 to 13.1). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that in youth community handball, a combined online and onsite implementation strategy, including a coach workshop and HSP support, was not superior to an online-only strategy regarding adherence to an IPEP or in reducing shoulder, knee and ankle injury risk. Trial registration number [NCT05294237][1]. Data are available on reasonable request. All personally identifiable information will be deleted or anonymised before data transfer. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT05294237&atom=%2Fbjsports%2Fearly%2F2024%2F08%2F29%2Fbjsports-2023-107880.atom","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}