British Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Association between recorded physical activity and cancer progression or mortality in individuals diagnosed with cancer in South Africa","authors":"Ntokozo Mabena, Nivash Rugbeer, Sandra Lehmann, Georgia Torres, Deepak Patel, Mosima Mabunda, Mike Greyling, Jane S Thornton, Yun-Hee Choi, Saverio Stranges, Jon S Patricios","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108813","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives This study aimed to determine the association between progression and mortality in individuals with stage 1 cancer and their recorded physical activity before the diagnosis of the cancer. Methods We included 28 248 members with stage 1 cancers enrolled in an oncology programme in South Africa. Physical activity was recorded using fitness devices, logged gym sessions and participation in organised fitness events. Levels of physical activity over the 12 months before cancer diagnosis were categorised as no physical activity, low physical activity (an average of <60 min/week) and moderate to high physical activity (≥60 min/week). Measured outcomes were time to progression, time to death and all cause mortality. Results Physically active members showed lower rates of cancer progression and lower rates of death from all causes. The HR for progression to higher stages or death was 0.84 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.89), comparing low activity with no physical activity, and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.77), comparing medium to high physical activity with no physical activity. The HR for all cause mortality was 0.67 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.74), comparing low physical activity with no activity, and 0.53 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.58), comparing medium to high physical activity with no physical activity. Conclusions Individuals engaging in any level of recorded physical activity showed a reduced risk of cancer progression or mortality than those not physically active. There was a further reduction among individuals with moderate to high levels of physical activity compared with those with lower levels. No data are available.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the role of the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit during rehabilitation from Achilles tendinopathy (PhD academy award)","authors":"Ine Mylle","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109443","url":null,"abstract":"My PhD aimed to gain insights in the relationship between triceps surae muscle force-sharing, Achilles tendon properties, and changes in pain, tendon structure and functioning during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy. The long-term aim of this work was to identify new outcomes that could optimise and improve rehabilitation strategies. We identified differences in force-sharing between patients with Achilles tendinopathy and healthy controls, assessed Achilles tendon property changes over time, compared responders from non-responders throughout rehabilitation and investigated the impact of incorporating Achilles (sub)tendon characteristics into musculoskeletal models. ### Why did I do it? The Achilles tendon is connected to, and loaded through force production of the three triceps surae muscle forces: the soleus (SOL), the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and medialis (GM). Tendon remodelling occurs due to repetitive, high or unusual loads as internal tendon strains will increase, leading to microtrauma, where the arrangement of collagen fibres within the tendon gets disorganised. This common overuse injury, known as Achilles tendinopathy, affects both competitive and recreational athletes. Various structural and functional changes in the tendinopathic tendon are observed compared with healthy tendons, for example, increased volume and cross-sectional area, and decreased stiffness, …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound as a predictor of time-loss injury for the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in division I collegiate athletes","authors":"Daniel M Cushman, Derek Stokes, Leyen Vu, Blake Corcoran, Michael Fredericson, Sarah F Eby, Masaru Teramoto","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109066","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Tendinopathy and fasciopathy are common conditions that can result in time-loss injury in athletes. This study aimed to determine if preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia are associated with future time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes. Methods National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes from three institutions participated in this 3-year prospective, observational study. Each athlete completed a questionnaire, self-reporting current and prior symptoms and underwent an ultrasound examination of bilateral patellar tendons, Achilles tendons and plantar fasciae during annual preseason examinations. Ultrasound evaluations assessed for tendon and fascia thickening, hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation. Athletes were monitored for time-loss injury over the subsequent year. Results A total of 695 athletes across 18 sporting disciplines (61.1% female, age 20.0±1.6, body mass index 23.1±2.9 kg/m2) were analysed over 3 years. Sonographic abnormalities were identified in 36.6%, 7.5% and 2.8% of the patellar tendons, Achilles tendons and plantar fasciae, respectively. Injuries were reported in 3.3%, 1.6% and 0.7% of these structures with an adjusted relative risk of injury increased by 8.9 (95% CI 3.7, 21.4), 18.8 (95% CI 7.2, 48.8) and 21.0 (95% CI 6.4, 68.1) times in those with preseason ultrasound abnormalities (p<0.001). The presence of an ultrasound abnormality was more predictive of future injury than self-report of a prior injury or pain in the area at the time of the scan. Conclusion Preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon or plantar fascia are associated with a higher risk of developing time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes. Data are available on reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women’s netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus","authors":"Sarah Whitehead, Lois Mackay, Ben Jones, Omar Heyward, Aaron S Fox, Lucy Jane Chesson, Sean Scantlebury, Dina Christina (Christa) Janse van Rensburg","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108756","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to establish consensus on injury risk factors in netball via a combined systematic review and Delphi method approach. A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL) was conducted from inception until June 2023. Twenty-four risk factors were extracted from 17 studies and combined with a three-round Delphi approach to achieve consensus. In round one, experts listed perceived risk factors for injury in netball which were combined with the risk factors identified via the systematic review. In round two and round three, experts rated their level of agreement with each risk factor on a 5-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree). Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement (with<10% in disagreement). In round three, experts also rated the priority for mitigating the risk factor (1, very low to 5, very high). Nineteen experts participated in round one and round two, and 16 participated in round three (response rate 84%). One-hundred and nine risk factors for injury were identified by the systematic review and experts combined. Sixty-one risk factors reached consensus, categorised into five groups: ‘individual characteristics’ (n=22), ‘lifestyle’ (n=11), ‘training and competition’ (n=14), ‘sport science and medical provision’ (n=6) and ‘facilities and equipment’ (n=8). ‘Poor landing technique/mechanics’ had a median (IQR) mitigation priority rating of 5 (1), while all others had median ratings of 3–4.5. This study identifies a range of risk factors for injury, provides focus areas for injury prevention and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to injury mitigation in netball.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infographic. Muscle-strengthening exercise for older adults: a critical strategy for maintaining health and independence.","authors":"Vitor Antonio Assis Alves Siqueira, Eurico Nestor Wilhelm, Emerson Sebastião","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109204","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"133-134"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why exercise may never be effective medicine: an evolutionary perspective on the efficacy versus effectiveness of exercise in treating type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Christopher MacDonald, Mia Bennekou, Julie Midtgaard, Hennig Langberg, Daniel Lieberman","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108396","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, highlighting that lifestyle modifications should be the primary defence against developing T2D. Although accumulating evidence suggests that exercise can be an efficacious therapy for T2D, especially in conjunction with pharmacological interventions, its long-term effectiveness remains controversial owing to significant adherence challenges. In this narrative review, we combine an evolutionary perspective with epidemiological and prospective interventional studies to examine the efficacy versus effectiveness of varying volumes of exercise prescriptions for treating T2D. Commonly prescribed and recommended volumes of moderate-intensity physical activity (150 min/week) have demonstrated low-to-moderate efficacy in improving glycaemic control, reflected by improvements in glycated haemoglobin levels. Higher exercise volumes have been shown to enhance efficacy. While exercise can be moderately efficacious under the optimal circumstances of short-term exercise interventions (≤1 year), there is little evidence of its long-term effectiveness, primarily due to poor adherence. To date, no study has demonstrated long-term adherence to exercise programmes in individuals with T2D (>1 year). From an evolutionary perspective, the finding that exercise interventions are often ineffective over time is unsurprising. Although often overlooked, humans never evolved to exercise. Exercise is a counter-instinctive behaviour that can be difficult to maintain, even in healthy populations and can be especially challenging for individuals who are unfit or have T2D morbidities. We conclude by presenting several considerations informed by evolutionary logic that may be useful for practitioners, policymakers and advocates of exercise as medicine to improve exercise adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of sports psychiatry: a clinical intersection of mental health and physical activity","authors":"Malte Christian Claussen, David Prossor, Carolyn Nahman, James W Burger, David Baron, Carla Edwards, Ira D Glick","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109208","url":null,"abstract":"Long before the term ‘sports psychiatry’ was first introduced nearly 40 years ago,1 2 clinicians and academics recognised the critical role of mental and brain health in sports. For example, Jokl and Guttmann explored neurological and psychiatric studies in boxers as far back as 1932.3 More recently, with efforts spanning the last 30 years, the International Society for Sports Psychiatry (ISSP) has driven development of this field of medicine and psychiatry in the world of competitive and elite sports.4 However, the aim of sports psychiatry is not only to bring more psychiatric expertise into the care of athletes but also to bring more sport and exercise into psychiatry5 (figure 1). This multinational editorial aims to create awareness of the role of exercise medicine in psychiatric disease and advance the integration of sports psychiatry into the care of athletes by sports medicine professionals globally. Figure 1 The evolution of sports psychiatry. The definition and skill set of the sports psychiatrist is outlined in the recently published First International Consensus Statement on Sports Psychiatry.5 Sports psychiatrists complete medical and psychiatric training before specialising in sports psychiatry. The Role of a Sport Psychiatrist on the Sports Medicine Team, Circa 2021 by Stull and Glick et al comprehensively sets out the wide range of roles, relationships and impact that a sports psychiatrist has within a sports medicine setting.6 These included awareness of gender-specific treatment, drug and alcohol disorders, racial discrimination and trauma, treating athletes, coaches and their support personnel. Finally, Glick and Reardon et al emphasised the importance of early detection of mental distress in their paper titled Sports Psychiatry: An Update and the Emerging Role of the Sports Psychiatrist on the Sports Medicine Team.7 They highlight that early and appropriate intervention by a sports psychiatrist may potentially prevent …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road cones of medicine","authors":"Blair Jarratt","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109531","url":null,"abstract":"They invade our lives at some point or another. At times, they cause us intense angst, and other times, we pass by without thinking about what they mean—blending into the background. So why am I talking about road cones in the warm-up for BJSM? They could symbolise us, medicine, the journey. In New Zealand, it has been reported that we have more of these than people; the road cone numbers have surpassed our national icon—the humble sheep. Road cones might be a symbol of repair or a symbol of progress—that is your perspective. I am just back from a fantastic weekend at our Sports and Exercise Physiotherapy New Zealand (SEPNZ) conference. Our Physiotherapy Keynote speakers, Tania Pizzari and Sally McLaine, made the trek across the ditch from Australia to New …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk for exertional heat illness among US army enlistees: climate indexes, intrinsic factors and their interactions","authors":"Josh B Kazman, D Alan Nelson, Anwar E Ahmed, Patricia A Deuster, Francis G O'Connor, James D Mancuso, Stephen A Lewandowski","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108441","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To characterise intrinsic and extrinsic (climatic) risks for mild and severe exertional heat illness (EHI) among first-year army enlistees. Methods We examined 337 786 soldiers who enlisted between 2012 and 2019. Survival models were used to predict incident EHI from intrinsic factors (demographics, healthcare utilisation, chronic conditions, body mass index (BMI), Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), upper/lower respiratory tract infections (URTI and LRTI), skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI), extrinsic factors (geographical region, daily mean Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT)) and interactions. Results There were 1390 cases of mild and 359 cases of severe EHI. Females had a higher risk for mild (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.78; 95% CI 1.57 to 2.02) but a lower risk for severe (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.87) EHI. Obesity was associated with severe EHI (aOR: 1.76; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.84) but not mild EHI (aOR: 1.03; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.39). URTI was associated with severe (aOR: 2.44; 95% CI 1.12 to 5.30) and mild (aOR 3.72, 95% CI 2.84 to 4.87) EHI, as were LRTI (severe, aOR: 11.40; 95% CI 6.09 to 21.32; mild, aOR 2.06; 95% CI 1.22 to 3.46), but not SSTI. UTCI outperformed WBGT in predicting EHI. Outside the Southern USA, EHI risk was elevated at lower UTCI. Associations varied over climate conditions and generally did not increase with climatic heat stress. Conclusions Respiratory infections were associated with the highest risk for EHI in soldiers. Risk mitigation strategies may include monitoring prevention and recovery from respiratory infections. Female sex and obesity may have different associated risks over climate conditions. No data are available. Data are derived from official population military records and sources, and were provided to us under strict data use agreement guidelines. Therefore, we cannot reasonably share the data with outside parties. We are willing to share our code to other researchers with access to similar data.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards evidence-based breast protective equipment in contact, combat and pseudo-contact sport","authors":"Celeste E Coltman, Isabel S Moore, Daniel S Cottam, Susan L Sokolowski, Elisabeth MP Williams, Eddi Pianca, Sam Tomkins, Brooke R Brisbine","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108750","url":null,"abstract":"The use of breast protective equipment has been recommended as a potential injury prevention strategy to reduce the frequency and severity of breast injury.1 2 However, no research has evaluated the efficacy of breast protective equipment as an injury prevention strategy.1 3 The aim of this editorial is to outline the current state of play for breast protective equipment as an injury prevention strategy and the current use of breast protective equipment in contact, combat and pseudo-contact sports. We highlight the need to evaluate the efficacy of breast protective equipment and propose steps towards the development of evidence-based breast protection. Female breasts are susceptible to injury when women participate in contact and combat sports, as well as pseudo-contact sports (in which contact between players is permitted to limited extent, eg, basketball and water polo), due to their anatomical position on the front of the torso and lack of musculoskeletal protection.1 3 Indeed, a high prevalence of contact breast injuries have been reported in sports such as Rugby 7s, Rugby League, Australian Football, Basketball, Softball, Volleyball, Water Polo and Soccer.4–7 Breast injuries are known to negatively affect sporting performance6 7 and contribute to acute (eg, painful, swollen or bruised breast tissue) and long-term health impacts (eg, damage to the ductal system of lactating breasts and breast implant rupture).8 9 Discomfort associated with breast injuries may also act as a barrier to participation for girls and women in contact, combat and pseudo-contact sports. As such, a growing body of research has recommended the use of specialised breast …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"291 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}