British Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A decade on: successes and future directions for integrating physical activity into healthcare curricula in the UK and EU","authors":"Ann Bernadette Gates, Fiona Moffatt, George S Metsios","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108607","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014, as part of the outcomes from the inaugural World Heart Federations Emerging Leaders’ work,1 a network of collaborators and change agents set about strengthening the capacity of healthcare professionals (HCPs) to support patients and communities to be more physically active. The intent was to influence the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and poor health, in the context of research demonstrating that even brief physical activity advice during routine consultations can translate to significant clinical outcomes.2 The community of practice3 aim was simple: to upskill, through capacity building, key frontline professionals of any healthcare discipline to be more confident, capable and competent in implementing interventions to mitigate NCDs. This included enabling HCPs to promote greater physical activity by their patients and use their leadership influence to effect wide-scale change in society.4 Previous initiatives across UK medical and health schools to access free physical activity and health resources and implement them through curriculum change resulted in slow and inconsistent uptake. Similar suboptimal outcomes were reflected in other countries.5 However, in 2019, the European Union (EU) ERASMUS+Virtual Advice, Nurturing, Guidance on Universal Action, Research and Development for physical activity and sport engagement (VANGUARD) project enabled five European schools of medicine (and one UK-based physiotherapy school) to embed bespoke resources, secure academic support and empower future HCPs. The VANGUARD project objectives were to: 1. Embed physical activity in the EU undergraduate curricula of future frontline HCPs (medical doctors and subsequently allied health professions) in these six European countries to help promote and sustain health. 2. Foster meaningful collaborative partnerships in the implementation, methodology and evaluation of physical activity in the EU curricula of future frontline HCPs. 3. Develop an at-scale approach, led by future HCPs, in the critical role of physical activity/sport in the prevention and treatment …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standing in the shadows: is standing a tonic or a toxin for cardiometabolic health?","authors":"Andreas Holtermann, Pieter Coenen, Matthew N. Ahmadi, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Leon Straker","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108232","url":null,"abstract":"Need to put the health effects of standing in the research spotlight. Since the turn of the century, the spotlight on the cardiometabolic risks of prolonged sitting has overshadowed the health effects of perhaps the greatest behavioural change in the transition from hunter-gatherers to modern humans: the remarkable increase in time spent standing.1 As an example, figure 1 makes a comparison in device-measured time spent in various postures between middle-aged British adults2 and Hadza adults in Tanzania1 who still live a typical hunter-gatherer lifestyle. These data illustrate that in modern western society adults spend more than twice as much time in standing postures while stepping less, than typical hunter-gatherers. There are many differences between the populations which might confound these differences, but they indicate that globally, adults might have different compositions of physical behaviours depending on whether they are living in agricultural, industrial or information-based communities. A large portion of present-day adults spend a considerable amount of their day standing, with recent data from international adult cohorts showing that daily standing accounts for a staggering 3.1–4.6 hours/day or approximately 19%–29% of total waking times.2 3 Figure 1 Comparison in device-measured posture and activity (sedentary, standing, stepping and sleeping) allocation between middle-aged British adults2 (representing modern lifestyle) and Hadza …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where is the research on sport-related concussion in Olympic athletes? A descriptive report and assessment of the impact of access to multidisciplinary care on recovery.","authors":"Thomas Romeas, Félix Croteau, Suzanne Leclerc","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108211","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This cohort study reported descriptive statistics in athletes engaged in Summer and Winter Olympic sports who sustained a sport-related concussion (SRC) and assessed the impact of access to multidisciplinary care and injury modifiers on recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>133 athletes formed two subgroups treated in a Canadian sport institute medical clinic: earlier (≤7 days) and late (≥8 days) access. Descriptive sample characteristics were reported and unrestricted return to sport (RTS) was evaluated based on access groups as well as injury modifiers. Correlations were assessed between time to RTS, history of concussions, the number of specialist consults and initial symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>160 SRC (median age 19.1 years; female=86 (54%); male=74 (46%)) were observed with a median (IQR) RTS duration of 34.0 (21.0-63.0) days. Median days to care access was different in the early (1; n_SRC=77) and late (20; n_SRC=83) groups, resulting in median (IQR) RTS duration of 26.0 (17.0-38.5) and 45.0 (27.5-84.5) days, respectively (p<0.001). Initial symptoms displayed a meaningful correlation with prognosis in this study (p<0.05), and female athletes (52 days (95% CI 42 to 101)) had longer recovery trajectories than male athletes (39 days (95% CI 31 to 65)) in the late access group (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Olympic athletes in this cohort experienced an RTS time frame of about a month, partly due to limited access to multidisciplinary care and resources. Earlier access to care shortened the RTS delay. Greater initial symptoms and female sex in the late access group were meaningful modifiers of a longer RTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"993-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High rates of respiratory illnesses upon arrival: lessons from Team USA at the Santiago 2023 Pan American and Parapan American Games.","authors":"Eric G Post, Travis Anderson, Olivia Samson, Ashley N Triplett, Alexis D Gidley, Steven S Isono, Jennifer Watters, Amber T Donaldson, Jonathan T Finnoff, William M Adams","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108384","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illnesses among Team USA athletes competing at the Santiago 2023 Pan American Games (PAG) and Parapan American Games (PPAG), with a particular focus on the incidence of respiratory illnesses and on injuries for sports new to the Olympic and Paralympic programmes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Illnesses and injuries occurring among the 870 Team USA athletes competing in the Santiago 2023 PAG or PPAG were documented within Team USA's Injury and Illness Surveillance system. Illness and injury incidence per 1000 athlete-days (ADs) and incidence ratios (IR) were calculated, both with 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Illness (IR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6, 3.9) and injury (IR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3, 2.5) rates were greater during PPAG compared with PAG. Illness rates were higher in the pre-opening ceremony period compared with the competition period for both PAG (IR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1, 5.9) and PPAG (IR 1.9, 95% CI 0.9, 3.8). Respiratory illness was the most common illness with 3.2% and 8.9% of all Team USA athletes reporting a respiratory illness during the PAG and PPAG, respectively. Sports that are relatively new to the Olympic/Paralympic programmes exhibited the highest injury rates during the Games: breaking (250.0 (91.7, 544.2) per 1000 ADs), Para taekwondo (93.8 (19.3, 274.0) per 1000 ADs) and surfing (88.9 (24.2, 227.6) per 1000 ADs).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Respiratory illness rates were the most common type of illness during both PAG and PPAG and were more likely to occur prior to competition starting. Our data have identified high injury risk populations (breaking, surfing, Para taekwondo) and timing (pre-opening ceremony period) for further risk factor analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"983-992"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paris air quality monitoring for the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics: focus on air pollutants and pollen.","authors":"Valerie Bougault, Richard Valorso, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Dominique Baisnee, Nicolas Visez, Gilles Oliver, Jordan Bureau, Fatine Abdoussi, Veronique Ghersi, Gilles Foret","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108129","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to air pollution can affect the health of individuals with respiratory disease, but may also impede the health and performance of athletes. This is potentially relevant for people travelling to and competing in the Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG) in Paris. We describe anticipated air quality in Paris based on historical monitoring data and describe the impact of the process on the development of monitoring strategies for future international sporting events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Air pollutant data for July to September 2020-2023 and pollen data for 2015-2022 were provided by Airparif (particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃)) and RNSA stations in the Paris region. Airparif's street-level numerical modelling provided spatial data for the OPG venues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum daily mean PM_2.5 was 11±6 µg/m³ at traffic stations, below the WHO recommended daily air quality threshold (AQT). Daily NO₂ concentrations ranged from 5±3 µg/m³ in rural areas to 17±14 µgm³ in urban areas. Near traffic stations, this rose to 40±24 µg/m³ exceeding the WHO AQT. Both peaked around 06:00 and 20:00 UTC (coordinated universal time). The ambient O₃ level exceeded the AQT on 20 days per month and peaked at 14:00 UTC. The main allergenic taxa from June to September was Poaceae (ie, grass pollen variety).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Air pollutant levels are expected to be within accepted air quality thresholds at the Paris OPG. However, O₃ concentrations may be significantly raised in very hot and clear conditions and grass pollen levels will be high, prompting a need to consider and manage this risk in susceptible individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"973-982"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ice challenge in recent summer olympic games.","authors":"Sebastien Racinais, Mohammed Ihsan, Marie-Elaine Grant, Valentin Dablainville, Yohan Rousse, Wolfgang Schobersberger, Richard Budgett, Lars Engebretsen","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108664","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"943-945"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport: ReFORM synthesis of the International Olympic Committee consensus statement.","authors":"Pascal Edouard, Camille Tooth","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108516","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"941-943"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of therapeutic use exemptions at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games: an analysis of data from 2016 to 2022.","authors":"Alan Vernec, David Healy, Tamar Banon, Andrea Petroczi","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108266","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study are to describe the prevalence of therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs) among athletes competing in four Olympic and four Paralympic games. The secondary objective was to present the prohibited substance and methods classes associated with TUEs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Anti-Doping Administration and Management System were extracted for this cross-sectional observation study. Eight cohorts were created to include athletes with TUEs who competed in the Rio 2016, Pyeongchang 2018, Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic games. Prevalence of TUEs and proportion of prohibited substance and methods classes were defined as percentages among all athletes competing at each games.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>28 583 athletes competed in four editions of the Olympic games. Total prevalence of athletes with TUEs was 0.90% among all competitors. At the four Paralympic games, a total of 9852 athletes competed and the total TUE prevalence was 2.76%. The most frequently observed substances associated with TUEs at the Summer Olympics were glucocorticoids (0.50% in Rio) and stimulants (0.39% in Tokyo). At the Summer Paralympics, diuretics (0.79% in Rio) and stimulants (0.75% in Tokyo) were the most common. Winter games had somewhat similar trends, although TUE numbers were very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of athletes competing with valid TUEs at the Olympic and Paralympic games was <1% and <3%, respectively. Variations in substances and methods associated with TUEs for different medical conditions were identified. Nevertheless, numbers were low, further reaffirming that TUEs are not widespread in elite sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"966-972"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Olympic journey—presenting a contemporary paradigm for elite-level youth athletes","authors":"Michael F Bergeron","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108837","url":null,"abstract":"The global youth sports landscape continues to exhibit pronounced growth providing increasing and exciting opportunities for youth athletes to compete on the world’s sports stage. Likewise, there is a parallel growing concern whether the existing minimum age eligibility requirements (AERs) across the International Federations for youth participation in the Olympic Games are appropriate. For those sport disciplines that have AERs, the current age thresholds are largely variable and not fully scientifically informed, and the limited research and supporting evidence relied on are notably complicated by the distinctively vulnerable age range of concern. Adolescence is inherently dynamic and non-linear with asynchronous development of numerous physical, physiological, psychological and social attributes within and between individuals. Accordingly, each athlete’s personal development profile uniquely affects their own athletic development and corresponding performance and risk in sport. Whereas an apt discipline-specific or overall AER is arguably warranted, precisely where those respective limits should be sensibly established cannot be easily defined. What is more, an AER alone (although convenient) would not be sufficient in enabling …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of muscle strength training combined with aerobic training versus aerobic training alone on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials","authors":"Tasuku Terada, Robert Pap, Abby Thomas, Roger Wei, Takumi Noda, Sarah Visintini, Jennifer L Reed","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108530","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To compare the effects of aerobic training combined with muscle strength training (hereafter referred to as combined training) to aerobic training alone on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, trial registries and grey literature sources were searched in February 2024. Eligibility criteria Randomised clinical trials comparing the effects of ≥4 weeks of combined training and aerobic training alone on at least one of the following outcomes: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), anthropometric and haemodynamic measures and cardiometabolic blood biomarkers in patients with CAD. Results Of 13 246 studies screened, 23 were included (N=916). Combined training was more effective in increasing CRF (standard mean difference (SMD) 0.26, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.49, p=0.03) and lean body mass (mean difference (MD) 0.78 kg, 95% CI 0.39 kg to 1.17 kg, p<0.001), and reducing per cent body fat (MD −2.2%, 95% CI −3.5% to −0.9%, p=0.001) compared with aerobic training alone. There were no differences in the cardiometabolic biomarkers between the groups. Our subgroup analyses showed that combined training increases CRF more than aerobic training alone when muscle strength training was added to aerobic training without compromising aerobic training volume (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.68, p=0.02). Conclusion Combined training had greater effects on CRF and body composition than aerobic training alone in patients with CAD. To promote an increase in CRF in patients with CAD, muscle strength training should be added to aerobic training without reducing aerobic exercise volume. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}