British Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effect of intravenous iron therapy on exercise performance, fatigue scores and mood states in iron-deficient recreationally active females of reproductive age: a double-blind, randomised control trial (IRONWOMAN Trial)","authors":"Cory Dugan, Peter Peeling, Paige Buissink, Beth MacLean, Jayne Lim, Pradeep Jayasuriya, Toby Richards","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108240","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Non-anaemic iron deficiency (IDNA) is highly prevalent in exercising females. Although iron therapy can be used to correct this issue, its impact on exercise performance is equivocal. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of intravenous iron therapy on exercise performance, fatigue, mood states, and quality of life in recreationally active IDNA females of reproductive age. Methods Twenty-six recreationally active IDNA females were randomised to either an intravenous iron treatment (IRON) group or placebo (PLA). Prior to, 4 days and 4 weeks following intervention, participants completed a variety of assessments to determine changes in exercise performance, haemoglobin mass, blood iron status and haematology, fatigue levels, mood states and quality of life. Results Intravenous iron therapy significantly improved serum ferritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation (p<0.05), with a highly variable individual response. No differences were observed between groups’ peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2Peak), lactate threshold or haemoglobin mass. Running economy improved in IRON from baseline to 4 weeks (p<0.05), which was also different to PLA at 4 weeks (p<0.05). Fatigue scores improved in IRON but not PLA after 4 weeks (p<0.05). Mood states and quality of life remained unchanged in both groups over the trial. Conclusion In recreationally active IDNA females, intravenous iron therapy corrects iron status and improves both exercise economy and fatigue scores after 4 weeks. Trial registration number ACTRN12620001357943. Data are available upon reasonable request. To adhere to ICMJE guidelines, a data sharing plan is included with trial registration (ACTRN12620001357943). Data will be made available following the published date for the purposes of generating empirical knowledge through research collaboration, for example, systematic reviews and meta-analyses (inclusive of individual patient data meta-analyses). Requests to obtain data can be made by emailing the principal investigator (cory.dugan@research.uwa.edu.au).","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in sports medicine: an international modified Delphi study","authors":"Hye Chang Rhim, Mani Singh, Nicola Maffulli, Amol Saxena, Carlos Leal, Ludger Gerdesmeyer, Kristina Quirologico, John P Furia, Johannes Zwerver, Chun-De Liao, Daniel Moya, Shih-Wei Huang, David M Robinson, Johnny Jarnagin, Joseph Ruiz, Kayle E Noble-Taylor, Hazem Alkhawashki, Brice W Blatz, Joanne Borg-Stein, Lauren Borowski, Jay Bowen, Michael Chin, Robert M Conenello, Michael Fredericson, Brian W Fullem, Karin Gravare Silbernagel, Karsten Hollander, Elena J Jelsing, Paul Langer, Kenneth Mautner, Adele Meron, Robert Monaco, Rowan V Paul, Sara Raiser, James W Ratcliff, Steven Sampson, Wolfgang Schaden, Jay Spector, Wei Sun, Isaac P Syrop, Kenji Takahashi, Benedict Tan, James F Wyss, Dan Zin, Jennifer Soo Hoo, Adam S Tenforde","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109082","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives While extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) may be an efficacious adjunctive treatment option for musculoskeletal injuries, current research is limited by significant heterogeneity within treatment protocols. This study aims to establish international expert consensus recommendations on ESWT terminology, parameters, procedural considerations, contraindications and side effects in the application of ESWT to sports injuries. Methods A systematic literature search was performed on the use of ESWT for musculoskeletal and sports medicine injuries to identify potential panellists, followed by the development of a steering committee-led questionnaire. A three-stage, modified Delphi questionnaire was provided to a panel of 41 international clinical and research experts across 13 countries. Panellists had the opportunity to suggest edits to existing statements or recommend additional statements in Round 1. Consensus was defined as≥75% agreement. Results All 41 panellists completed Rounds 1, 2 and 3. Consensus was reached on 69/118 statements (58.5%), including recommendations on terminology and fundamental concepts, indications for use, procedural aspects for tendinopathy and bone pathologies, treatment correlations with imaging, periprocedural and postprocedural considerations, absolute and relative contraindications and potential side effects. Of the 49 statements that did not reach consensus, 17/49 (34.7%) were related to procedural aspects of bone pathology. Conclusion This international panel presents recommendations on ESWT terminology, indications and treatment considerations to guide ESWT use and decision-making by sports medicine clinicians. While our panel supported the use of ESWT in the treatment of bone pathologies, certain procedural aspects of ESWT specific to these injuries did not reach consensus and require further investigation. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. Not applicable.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health professionals as champions of movement—promoting physical activity for a healthier world","authors":"Jacalyn Anne Marie Moore, Christopher Napier","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-109736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-109736","url":null,"abstract":"On behalf of Sport Physiotherapy Canada (SPC)/Physiothérapie du Sport du Canada, we are pleased to welcome you to the March 2025 edition of the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM). Nous sommes heureux de vous accueillir à l’édition du mou de mars 2025 du BJSM . BJSM’s vision is to foster a healthier world by bridging the divide between sports medicine and public health, and this edition represents a tremendous step towards this intent. Exercise and physical activity remain the most effective strategies for preventing chronic diseases and improving overall health1. Fostering lifelong engagement in physical activity not only supports physical health but also enhances cognitive function and emotional well-being, underscoring the importance of an active lifestyle. In this edition, Weeldreyer et al highlight this relationship in a systematic review that examines the link between physical activity and mortality (see page 339) , while Veerman et al explore the influence of physical activity on life expectancy (see page 333) . O’Donovan et al explore the critical role of physical activity in improving brain health, highlighting how sports participation and general physical activity can reduce the risk of …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"431 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of physical exercise in improving pulmonary function: a radiomic perspective (PhD Academy Award)","authors":"Xinyuan Ge","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2025-109718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-109718","url":null,"abstract":"The primary focus of my PhD research was to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and lung function, with a particular emphasis on imaging radiomic features derived from quantitative CT (qCT). My study aimed to uncover how different levels and intensities of physical exercise influence lung structural and functional parameters, as quantified by advanced radiomic analysis. Specifically, I evaluated the interplay between exercise-related parameters (eg, metabolic equivalent tasks, MET-min/week) and lung texture-based radiomic features, analysing their predictive value in chronic pulmonary disease progression and functional decline in lung capacity (figure 1). Figure 1 Design of the study. FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GLCM, grey-level co-occurrence matrix; GLDM, grey-level dependence matrix; GLRLM, grey-level run length matrix; GLSZM, grey-level size zone matrix; MET, metabolic equivalent value; NGTDM, neighbourhood grey tone difference matrix; VO2, volume of oxygen. Radiomic features have been demonstrated to be powerful predictors of lung diseases and pulmonary function.1–3 At the same time, physical exercise is well …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon monoxide inhalation to increase haemoglobin mass: a canary in a coal mine for sport?","authors":"Cory Dugan, Stephen Hennigar","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109240","url":null,"abstract":"The desire to enhance athletic performance drives research into potential ergogenic aids. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and poisonous gas that is difficult to detect, making it known as the ‘silent killer’.1 Despite its toxicity, CO has found varied applications in medicine and sport.2–9 Although CO can serve as a tool for monitoring performance gains through the measurement of haemoglobin mass (Hbmass),8 9 research surrounding its potential use as an ergogenic aid has raised ethical concerns.1 This editorial describes the legitimate applications of CO in sports and ways it may be exploited as an ergogenic aid to enhance athletic performance. At the turn of the 20th century, pioneering research by John Haldane revealed that CO binds to haemoglobin with greater affinity than oxygen, forming carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), limiting the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and leading to anaemic hypoxia.2 This finding stemmed from Haldane’s earlier research on miners that led to his idea of using canaries in coal mines. These birds, more sensitive to CO, were used as early warning signs to detect toxic gas levels, alerting miners to evacuate before CO concentrations became lethal. The toxic effects of CO are proportional to COHb concentrations, with moderate adverse effects (eg, fatigue, headache, nausea) typically presenting with COHb >10–20% and progressing in severity to heart failure, coma and death as COHb concentrations increase.2 These fundamental discoveries, coupled with advances in respiratory physiology and gas analysis techniques, laid the foundation for the applications discussed herein. One of the most significant advancements was the development of the CO rebreathing …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of reducing tendon compression in the rehabilitation of insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a randomised clinical trial","authors":"Lauren Pringels, Robbe Capelleman, Aäron Van den Abeele, Arne Burssens, Guillaume Planckaert, Evi Wezenbeek, Luc Vanden Bossche","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109138","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To assess the effectiveness of low tendon compression rehabilitation (LTCR) versus high tendon compression rehabilitation (HTCR) for treating patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Methods In an investigator-blinded, stratified randomised trial, 42 sport-active patients (30 males and 12 females; age 45.8±8.2 years) with chronic (> 3 months) insertional Achilles tendinopathy were allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive LTCR or HTCR. Both rehabilitation protocols consisted of a progressive 4-stage tendon-loading programme, including isometric, isotonic, energy-storage and release and sport-specific exercises. The LTCR programme was designed to control Achilles tendon compression by limiting ankle dorsiflexion during exercise, eliminating calf stretching and incorporating heel lifts. The primary outcome was the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) score at 12 and 24 weeks, which measures tendon pain and function and was analysed on an intention-to-treat basis using a linear mixed model. Significance was accepted when p<0.05. Results 20 patients were randomised to the LTCR group and 22 to the HTCR group. Improvement in VISA-A score was significantly greater for LTCR compared with HTCR after 12 weeks (LTCR=24.4; HTCR=12.2; mean between-group difference=12.9 (95% CI: 6.2 to 19.6); p<0.001) and after 24 weeks (LTCR=29.0; HTCR=19.3; mean between-group difference=10.4 (95% CI: 3.7 to 17.1); p<0.001). These differences exceeded the minimal clinically important difference of 10. Conclusions In sport-active patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy, LTCR was more effective than HTCR in improving tendon pain and function at 12 and 24 weeks. Consequently, LTCR should be considered in the treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: [NCT05456620][1]). Data are available upon reasonable request. Data are available on reasonable request. The data sets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT05456620&atom=%2Fbjsports%2Fearly%2F2025%2F02%2F26%2Fbjsports-2024-109138.atom","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of postpartum physical activity on maternal sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Paris A T Jones, Stephanie-May Ruchat, Zain Khan-Afridi, Muhammad Usman Ali, Brittany A Matenchuk, Sierra Leonard, Andrew WE Jantz, Kier Vander Leek, Lauren Maier, Laura Osachoff, Melanie J Hayman, Milena Forte, Allison Sivak, Margie H Davenport","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108839","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To examine the relationship between postpartum physical activity and maternal sleep. Design Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis. Online databases were searched through 20 January 2025. Study eligibility criteria Studies of all designs (except case studies and reviews) in all languages were eligible if they contained information on the population (individuals up to 1 year post partum); interventions/exposures (including subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+co-intervention’)); comparator (low volume or no physical activity) and outcomes: sleep duration, quality, latency, efficiency, disturbance and fatigue. Results 12 unique studies (n=3096) from nine countries were included. Moderate certainty of evidence showed that exercise-only interventions were associated with a greater improvement in sleep quality (five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), n=375, standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.44, 95% CI −0.79 to –0.09) compared with no exercise. High certainty of evidence showed that exercise interventions were associated with a greater improvement in daytime/general fatigue (six RCTs, n=535, SMD −0.56, 95% CI −1.06 to –0.05) compared with no exercise. No effect was found for sleep duration, latency, efficiency, or disturbance. Conclusion Postpartum physical activity improves maternal sleep quality and daytime/general fatigue. No data are available.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sleep on postpartum health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Zain Khan-Afridi, Stephanie-May Ruchat, Paris A T Jones, Muhammad Usman Ali, Brittany A Matenchuk, Sierra Leonard, Andrew WE Jantz, Kier Vander Leek, Lauren E Maier, Laura Osachoff, Melanie J Hayman, Milena Forte, Allison Sivak, Margie H Davenport","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109604","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To examine the impact of postpartum sleep interventions and postpartum sleep on maternal health outcomes. Design Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis. Online databases were searched on 12 January 2024. Study eligibility criteria Studies of all designs (except case studies and reviews) in all languages were eligible if they contained information on the population (individuals up to 1-year post partum), sleep interventions/exposures including (type, duration, frequency, alone or in combination with other components), comparator (control or different duration, frequency or type of sleep intervention) and outcomes: mental health, cardio-metabolic, postpartum weight retention (PPWR), low back pain and pelvic girdle pain, breastfeeding and urinary incontinence. Results 60 studies (n=20 684) from 14 countries were included. ‘High’ certainty of evidence showed that sleep interventions were associated with a greater decrease in depressive symptom severity compared with no intervention (five randomised controlled trials; n=992; standardised mean difference −0.27, 95% CI −0.40 to –0.14; small effect). Sleep interventions had no impact on the odds of developing depression (‘moderate’ certainty of evidence) or anxiety or anxiety symptom severity (‘low’ certainty of evidence). Additionally, ‘low’ certainty of evidence demonstrated no effect on cardiometabolic outcomes (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure), anthropometric measures (maternal weight, body mass index) or prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. ‘Low’ certainty of evidence from observational studies found that high-quality sleep reduces the odds of developing anxiety and reduces the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. ‘Low’ and ‘very low’ certainty of evidence from observational studies found that shorter sleep duration is associated with greater PPWR. Conclusions Postpartum sleep interventions reduced the severity of depression symptoms. No data are available. n/a.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep quantity and quality during the first week postinjury and time to symptom resolution in youth with concussion","authors":"Olivia VonDeylen, Enas Alshaikh, Krista Wheeler, Robyn Recker, Paola Malerba, Amy Valasek, Keith Owen Yeates, Jingzhen Yang","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109058","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To examine bidirectional associations between objective measures of sleep quantity and quality with postconcussion symptoms (PCS) scores in concussed youth during the first week postinjury and to explore the associations between sleep measures and time to symptom resolution. Study design We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort of youth (11–17 years) with a physician diagnosed concussion within 72 hours of injury. During the first week postconcussion, sleep quantity (time in bed, total sleep time and daytime sleep) and sleep quality (sleep efficiency, WASO and number of awakenings) were measured using an ActiGraph. We evaluated bidirectional temporal associations between the sleep measures and PCS during the first week postinjury using cross-lagged panel models. We assessed the associations between sleep measures and time to symptom resolution using Cox proportional hazard models. Results Participants included 78 concussed youth, 34.6% females, mean age of 14.2 years (SD=2.1). Significant bidirectional associations were observed between PCS and both total sleep time and daytime total sleep in the first week postinjury. Increased daytime sleep was also associated with a decreased likelihood of symptom resolution, adjusted HR (aHR)=0.88, 95% CI=0.78, 0.999. An optimal total sleep time of 418 min per day was associated with a 2.1-fold increased likelihood of symptom resolution (aHR=2.1, 95% CI=1.3, 3.2). Conclusions Clinicians should provide guidance on sleep hygiene, including limiting daytime sleep/naps and getting the appropriate amount of nighttime sleep acutely postconcussion to aid recovery in youth. Data are available upon reasonable request. Dr Yang has full access to all of the study data and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The data sets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from Dr Yang upon reasonable request. Raw data are not available due to parameters indicated in the participant consent materials.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is 9 months the sweet spot for male athletes to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?","authors":"Roula Kotsifaki, Enda King, Roald Bahr, Rod Whiteley","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108733","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Most studies examining the time to return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) do not account for the athlete’s physical readiness. This study aimed to investigate the status of male athletes at 2 years after ACLR, the factors affecting a return to pivoting sports, and the association between time to RTS and subsequent knee injury risk for those athletes who met discharge criteria. Methods We prospectively followed 530 male athletes (mean age 26.7±7.7 years) participating in pivoting sports throughout rehabilitation and at 2 years after ACLR. Pair-wise analyses were conducted to compare athletes who returned to pivoting sports and those who did not. We performed a Cox regression analysis to assess the association between subsequent non-contact or indirect contact knee injuries and time to RTS. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to compare athletes who RTS in ≤9 months to those who RTS in >9 months after ACLR. Results In total, 379 (72%) athletes returned to pivoting sports at 2 years after ACLR. Athletes who completed rehabilitation and met discharge criteria (n=190) were almost 6 times more likely to return to their preinjury sport (OR 5.71; 95% CI 3.39 to 9.62). Of those who did not complete their rehabilitation (n=340), 132 (39%) did not return to pivoting sports. For athletes who met discharge criteria, time to RTS was not associated with the risk of new knee or ACL injury. There was no increased risk for new knee (HR 0.892, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.07, p=0.79) or ACL (HR 0.718, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.17, p=0.56) injury whether athletes returned before or after the 9-month mark following ACLR. Conclusions Completing rehabilitation and meeting objective criteria significantly increased the odds for male athletes to return to pivoting sports. Time to RTS did not impact the risk for a new knee or ACL injury if athletes met objective criteria. Data are available on reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}