British Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Athletes with hip dysplasia: current understanding, management and future directions","authors":"Michael JM O’Brien, Andrew K Wallis, Joshua J Heerey, Tønning Lisa Urup, Inger Mechlenburg, Julie Sandell Sandell Jacobsen, Jitendra Balakumar, Joanne L Kemp","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108777","url":null,"abstract":"Hip dysplasia is a developmental condition that can be congenital or occur throughout childhood and increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis. It is associated with pain and impairments in young adults and can be career-ending for professional athletes. Rehabilitation often involves high-level goals and expectations, and there is no guarantee that interventions (both surgical and non-surgical) can always achieve these. Existing research in adults with hip dysplasia has focused on non-athletes undergoing surgery, with minimal studies in athletes. To guide future research, it is important to appreciate current knowledge and recognise gaps in the literature. The aim of this editorial is to outline what is known about athletes with hip dysplasia and offer considerations for management and future studies. ### Hip dysplasia prevalence Hip dysplasia is a condition of insufficient acetabular coverage of the femoral head. The prevalence of hip dysplasia among athletes has a large variation in the reported data, potentially due to differences in diagnostic criteria. In elite ballet dancers, dysplasia rates of up to 89% have been reported1 with different imaging methods used across studies. The lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA) indicates lateral coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum and is the traditional radiographic measure used to diagnose hip dysplasia. In a cohort of female football players, hip dysplasia was identified in 16% when using an LCEA cut-off of <20°; this increased to 66% when using an LCEA of <25°.2 More uniform diagnostic …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors predicting disordered eating and the prevalence of eating disorders in adolescent elite athletes, trained athletes and a reference group: a prospective controlled two-step study","authors":"Christine Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, Nina Sølvberg, Monica Klungland Torstveit, Margo Mountjoy, Therese Fostervold Mathisen","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108808","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To prospectively examine the prevalence of diagnosed eating disorders (ED-diagnosis), ED-symptoms and factors predicting ED-symptoms in three male and female high school student groups: elite athletes, trained athletes and a non-athlete reference group at baseline (T1) and 1-year follow-up (T2). Methods A survey was administered at baseline (T1) (n=1186) and 1-year follow-up (T2) (n=1144) (step-one). Participants classified with ED-symptoms by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ 6.0) at T2 were invited to a diagnostic interview (step-two). Results Prevalence of ED-diagnosis for males and females were 6.9% and 9.3% in elite athletes, 5.9% and 11.2% in trained athletes and 3.0% and 11.9% in references, respectively. No group differences were statistically significant. Male references had more ED-symptoms compared with elite and trained male athletes (EDEQ-global score 0.81 vs <0.55), while elite female athletes had fewer ED-symptoms compared with trained female athletes and female references (EDEQ-global score 1.14 vs >1.59). Trained female athletes increased ED-symptoms over time, whereas elite female athletes consistently had fewer ED-symptoms in comparison. High ED-symptom presentation was predicted by high body mass index and more psychological distress in males, whereas for females, ED-symptoms were predicted by lower resilience, more psychological distress and being a non-athlete reference. Conclusion No statistically significant group differences in the prevalence of ED-diagnosis were observed between elite athletes, trained athletes and a non-athlete reference group. Female elite athletes had fewer ED-symptoms compared with other female groups, and male references had more ED-symptoms compared with male athlete groups. Preventive measures that address psychological resilience and distress should be considered. Trial registration number [NCT04003675][1]. Data are available upon reasonable request. The data set analysed during the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT04003675&atom=%2Fbjsports%2Fearly%2F2025%2F03%2F17%2Fbjsports-2024-108808.atom","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable device-measured physical activity and incident cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors","authors":"Chengqing Jiang, Ziang Li, Bo Guo, Lin Chen, Liang Zhu, Yu Liang, Yinghan Shen, Tianxin Long, Ming Zhai, Jiayun Shi, Haiyan Xu, Yongjian Wu","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108734","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To explore the association of wearable device-measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in long-term cancer survivors. Methods This retrospective analysis involved a prospective cohort of 6109 cancer survivors without CVD from the UK Biobank accelerometry subsample. The MVPA volume is categorised into four groups based on guideline recommendations (0–75 min/week, 75–150 min/week, 150–300 min/week, ≥300 min/week). Cox proportional hazard models are used to investigate the association of MVPA with incident CVD. Results Over a median follow-up of 7.88 years, there were 539 incident CVD events (361 incident coronary artery disease (CAD) events, 155 incident heart failure (HF) events, and 109 incident stroke events). Adjusted CVD incidence rates (95% CIs) across MVPA groups (0–75 min/week, 75–150 min/week, 150–300 min/week, ≥300 min/week) were 15.30 (12.90, 18.10), 13.50 (11.00, 16.40), 12.00 (10.20, 14.10) and 9.86 (8.35, 11.60) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for CVD, CAD, HF and stroke in the highest MVPA group (≥300 min/week) compared with those in the lowest MVPA group (0–75 min/week) were 0.63 (0.49, 0.80), 0.68 (0.51, 0.91), 0.66 (0.42,1.06) and 0.72 (0.42, 1.23), respectively. For obesity-related cancers, the beneficial effect on CVD was observed when exceeding 300 MVPA min/week (HR 0.54 (0.37–0.81)) compared with the lowest MVPA group. Conclusions Findings from the UK Biobank study suggest that longer MVPA durations are associated with reduced CVD risk in cancer survivors, underscoring the potential for physical activity to serve as a key component in cardio-oncology care. This study was conducted based on the UK Biobank cohort study under application number 91035.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Delphi study of clinical and exercise professionals’ opinion of physical activity prescreening and contraindications for participating in postpartum physical activity","authors":"Margie H Davenport, Shefali Christopher, Rita E Deering, Christina Prevett, Sinead Dufour, Milena Forte, Nicole Beamish, Kristi Adamo, Kari Bo, Emma Brockwell, Émilie Brunet-Pagé, Radha Chari, Marlize De Vivo, Karen Fleming, Amal Hassan, Melanie Hayman, Kirstin N Lane, Michelle F Mottola, Sarah E Neil-Sztramko, Rita A Santos-Rocha, Anna Szumilewicz, Stephanie-May Ruchat","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109104","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To establish expert consensus on prescreening and contraindications to moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) during the first year postpartum. Methods A Delphi survey of clinical and exercise professionals working with postpartum women and people was conducted until consensus was reached (≥75% agreement). Round I consisted of questions about relative and absolute contraindications to MVPA. Rounds II and III included additional questions based on the thematic coding of open-ended responses from the previous rounds. The results were used to develop a postpartum MVPA preparticipation screening tool. Results 120 participants completed round I, 105 completed round II and 95 completed round III. Consensus was reached in 46/49 (94%) statements. Twenty-four relative contraindications to MVPA were identified: (loss of consciousness; neurological symptoms; kidney disease; calf pain or swelling suggestive of deep vein thrombosis; severe abdominal pain; vaginal bleeding not associated with menses; postpartum cardiomyopathy; caesarean section with symptoms that worsen with MVPA; unstable hypertension; eating disorder; malnutrition; anaemia; excessive fatigue; fractures or other significant musculoskeletal injuries; haemodynamic instability; breathing difficulties; acute systemic infection accompanied by fever, body aches, or swollen lymph glands; the new onset of chest pain, discomfort, and other angina-like symptoms with exertion; dizziness or lightheadedness during MVPA; new symptoms of heart disease, stroke; and other medical or physical conditions that may affect the ability to be physically active. Key biopsychosocial barriers to MVPA were identified. Conclusion This Delphi study recommends relative contraindications to MVPA for the first year postpartum that were incorporated into a postpartum MVPA pre-participation screening tool the Get Active Questionnaire for Postpartum. Data are available upon reasonable request. Data is available upon request.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe Activity participation Following Elective Total hip replacement: the SAFE-T investigation","authors":"Ajay Shah, Cari Whyne, Alex Kiss, Hans Kreder, Dawit Gulta, Stephen Chen, Harman Chaudhry","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109237","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Total hip replacement (THR) is one of the most common elective orthopaedic surgeries performed, with increasing demand among younger individuals. Few evidence-based guidelines exist on safe activity participation following THR, including whether high-intensity sport participation is safe for individuals. The purpose of this study was to identify if increased intensity of physical activity following THR was associated with increased activity-related pain and increased revision rates. Methods Two groups undergoing THR were recruited: preoperative (cohort 1) and 5–7 years postsurgery (cohort 2); both followed for 5 years. Activity was self-reported through validated questionnaires and grouped into categories from ‘A’ (low intensity, eg, aquafit) to ‘F’ (high intensity, eg, tennis). The primary outcome was the presence of hip pain during activity (binary variable, Y/N), measured by the association between hip pain and intensity of activity (categories A–F). Secondary outcomes included activity duration, revision rate or a change in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Results 1098 individuals were included in this study (cohort 1: n=588, cohort 2: n=510). Regression analysis showed no significant interaction between activity intensity and hip pain across all time points. Approximately 20.6% of all activity (11.0% of participants) occurred in the highest intensity categories (E and F); these subjects showed no decrease in activity duration, worsening PROMs or increased revision rates compared with lower intensity activity groups (all p>0.05). When analysing by individual activities, certain activities (eg, snowboarding, squash, tennis and backpacking) were more correlated with hip pain (r>0.60), while others (eg, snorkelling, swimming, home weights, aquafit, cross-country skiing and sledding) were less likely to have hip pain (r<−0.60). Conclusions This study showed that higher-intensity activities do not lead to decreased activity duration, worsening patient-reported outcomes or increased revision rates following THR, although certain activities may be associated with increased pain. These findings can inform patient counselling after THR. Data are available on reasonable request. We request investigators to contact us directly to discuss data sharing.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of cognitive functional therapy for pain intensity and disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomised sham-controlled trial","authors":"Mariana Romano de Lira, Ney Meziat-Filho, Gabriela Zuelli Martins Silva, Julia Castro, Jessica Fernandez, Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus Guirro, Roger Berg, Thais Cristina Chaves","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109012","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This study investigated the efficacy of cognitive functional therapy (CFT) versus a sham procedure for pain intensity and disability for patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods This is a randomised sham-controlled trial conducted in a primary care public health service. A total of 152 participants were randomly assigned to the CFT group (n=76) and the sham group (n=76). The CFT group received six 1 hour individualised sessions; the sham procedure group received six individual sessions of neutral talking+detuned photobiomodulation (low-level laser therapy) equipment. Both groups received an education booklet with information on strategies for CLBP self-management. Primary outcomes were pain intensity and disability at 6 weeks. Participants were assessed preintervention, postintervention (at 6 weeks), and 3 and 6 months after randomisation. Results We obtained primary outcome data from 97.4% (n=74) of participants in the CFT group and 98.7% (n=75) from the sham group. The CFT group showed greater effects in pain intensity (mean difference (MD)=−1.8; 95% CI −2.5 to −1.1) and disability (MD=−9.9; 95% CI −13.2 to −6.5) postintervention compared with the sham group. The effect remained at the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. Conclusions CFT showed sustained clinical efficacy compared with a sham procedure for treating pain intensity and disability in patients with CLBP. Trial registration number This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, [NCT04518891][1] and was previously published <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35788240/>. Data are available upon reasonable request. The study protocol, participant consent and information forms, de-identified individual participant data, the data dictionary and statistical code can be made available by request to the corresponding author. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT04518891&atom=%2Fbjsports%2Fearly%2F2025%2F03%2F05%2Fbjsports-2024-109012.atom","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of exercise for improving cognition, memory and executive function: a systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis","authors":"Ben Singh, Hunter Bennett, Aaron Miatke, Dorothea Dumuid, Rachel Curtis, Ty Ferguson, Jacinta Brinsley, Kimberley Szeto, Jasmine M Petersen, Claire Gough, Emily Eglitis, Catherine EM Simpson, Christina L Ekegren, Ashleigh E Smith, Kirk I Erickson, Carol Maher","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108589","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To evaluate systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and executive function across all populations and ages. Methods Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and executive function were eligible. Data extraction and risk of bias scoring were conducted in duplicate. The A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) was used to assess the risk of bias. Effect sizes were pooled using random effects models and reported as standardised mean differences (SMD). Subgroup analyses were conducted for participant and intervention characteristics. General cognition, memory and executive function. Data sources CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE via OVID, Emcare, ProQuest Central, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, PsycINFO, Scopus, Sport Discus and Web of Science. Results 133 systematic reviews (2,724 RCTs and 258 279 participants) were included. Exercise significantly improved general cognition (SMD=0.42), memory (SMD=0.26) and executive function (SMD=0.24). Memory and executive function improvements from exercise were greater for children and adolescents than for adults and older adults. Those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder exhibited greater improvement in executive function than other populations. Effects were generally larger for low- and moderate-intensity interventions. Shorter interventions (1–3 months) and exergames (video games that require physical movement) had the largest effects on general cognition and memory. Findings remained statistically significant after excluding reviews rated as low and critically low quality. Conclusions These findings provide strong evidence that exercise, even light intensity, benefits general cognition, memory and executive function across all populations, reinforcing exercise as an essential, inclusive recommendation for optimising cognitive health. Trial registration number PROSPERO ID: CRD42023468991. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation after arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation: are we letting patients down by being too conservative?","authors":"David Andrew O’Brian, Joshua Mattock, Jo Gibson, Evangelos Pappas","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-109290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109290","url":null,"abstract":"The glenohumeral joint is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body,1 primarily due to sports-related injuries, with up to 15% of contact athletes having experienced shoulder dislocation.2 Surgical stabilisation is a common treatment after dislocation, particularly in young males, as it reduces the risk of recurrent instability.3 Over 20,000 shoulder stabilisation procedures are performed annually in the USA, with increasing incidence over time.4 In Finland, a similar trend has been observed, with the incidence of stabilisation surgery increasing by 177% from 1997 to 2014, particularly among young and middle-aged adults.5 Despite the effectiveness of soft tissue surgical stabilisation, one-fourth of people undergoing surgery never return to their pre-injury sport and activities, and one-third report ongoing instability.6 While numerous functional, psychological and surgical factors contribute to these findings, >50% of cases have been attributed to shoulder-related causes (instability, apprehension, reduced athletic performance and pain).7 Patients experience a significant reduction in functional strength, range of motion (ROM) and neuromuscular control 4–6 months post-operatively,8 a critical period for returning to work and sport. These problems are modifiable and could be addressed by improved, evidence-based and criterion-based post-surgical rehabilitation protocols. This commentary explores the potential value of accelerated rehabilitation after arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation. The most recent consensus on a specific rehabilitation protocol after arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) was reached by the American Society of Shoulder …","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of abusive supervision among collegiate athletes from equity-deserving groups","authors":"Edward B Runquist, Oluwasanmi O Adenaiye, Mojdeh Sarzaeim, Jeffery Milroy, David Wyrick, Yetsa A Tuakli-Wosornu","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108282","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To examine differences in abusive/supportive coach supervision experienced by collegiate athletes across race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation and disability; determine the impact of coach characteristics on abusive supervision prevalence; and explore outcomes related to team culture, athlete autonomy, perceived coach leadership skills and perceived concern for athletes’ well-being. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the 2021–2022 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) myPlaybook survey on 3317 athletes (aged ≥18 years). The survey captured self-reported demographics, sport type (team vs individual, lean vs non-lean) and multiple validated measures reflecting abusive/supportive coaching styles. Structural equation modelling identified associations while controlling for confounders. Results Overall, 18.6% (n=618) of athletes reported some form of abusive supervision. After adjusting for covariates, participating in team sport (OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.17) and having a disability (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.31) were associated with higher odds of reporting abusive supervision. No significant differences were found based on athlete race/ethnicity, gender identity or sexual orientation. Coaches demonstrating attentiveness to athletes’ needs (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.92) and respect for their input (OR=0.89, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.00) had lower odds of reported abusive supervision. Conclusion Nearly one-fifth of this NCAA cohort experienced abusive coach supervision. Disability and team sport participation were significantly associated with increased reports, whereas race/ethnicity, gender identity or sexual orientation showed no significant differences. In disabled and team sport athletes, sustained verbal/non-verbal abuse had a negative impact on athletes’ perception of team culture, autonomy, coaches’ leadership skills and coaches’ concern for their well-being. Coaching and leadership styles remain critical educational targets for providing safe sport environments for all athletes. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tale of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review with longitudinal and multivariate meta-analysis.","authors":"Michael Girdwood, Adam G Culvenor, Ebonie K Rio, Brooke E Patterson, Melissa Haberfield, Jamon Couch, Benjamin Mentiplay, Michael Hedger, Kay M Crossley","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2023-107977","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjsports-2023-107977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate how knee extensor and flexor strength change over time after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review with longitudinal meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and SPORTDiscus to 28 February 2023.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Studies of primary ACLR (n≥50), with mean participant age 18-40 years, reporting a quantitative measure of knee extensor or flexor strength were eligible. Muscle strength had to be reported for the ACL limb and compared with: (1) the contralateral limb (within-person); and/or (2) an uninjured control limb (between-person).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 232 studies of 34 220 participants. Knee extensor and flexor strength showed sharp initial improvement postoperatively before tailing off at approximately 12-18 months post surgery with minimal change thereafter. Knee extensor strength was reduced by more than 10% compared with the contralateral limb and approximately 20% compared with uninjured controls at 1 year for slow concentric, fast concentric and isometric contractions. Knee flexor strength showed smaller deficits but was still 5%-7% lower than the contralateral limb at 1 year for slow concentric, fast concentric and isometric contractions. Between-person comparisons showed larger deficits than within-person comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knee extensor muscle strength is meaningfully reduced (>10%) at 1 year, with limited improvement after this time up to and beyond 5 years post surgery. Many people likely experience persistent and potentially long-term strength deficits after ACLR. Comparison within person (to the contralateral limb) likely underestimates strength deficits in contrast to uninjured controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"423-434"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}