{"title":"Polyisoprenoid, cholesterol and ubiquinone levels in human hepatocellular carcinomas.","authors":"I Eggens, P G Elmberger, P Löw","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lipid composition of human hepatocellular carcinomas was examined. The level of dolichol in the tumours was decreased compared to control tissue, whereas the concentration of dolichyl phosphate did not exhibit any major change. A decrease in the amount of dolichyl ester was also observed. The pattern of individual polyisoprenoids in the free dolichol pool was changed in several carcinomas with a relative increase in the shorter dolichols. The isoprenol composition in the dolichyl ester and phosphate fractions of tumours were basically similar to those of controls. alpha-Unsaturated polyisoprenols are present in control livers at a level of 3% of the total free polyisoprenoid fraction, while this value was increased in the tumours. Similar to dolichol, the amount of ubiquinone was also decreased. The content of cholesterol was increased, while the fatty acid pattern of the dolichyl esters showed minor alterations. These modifications in lipid content indicate different mechanisms for the regulation of dolichol and dolichyl phosphate concentrations. The high levels of sterols in contrast to the low polyisoprenol content suggests interference with the regulation of the mevalonate pathway, which is the common biosynthetic route for cholesterol, ubiquinone and dolichol.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040537/pdf/brjexppathol00145-0091.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13682979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental frost-bite in Hanford Miniature Swine. I. Epithelial changes.","authors":"P Schoning, M P Hamlet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frost-bite lesions were produced in five Hanford Miniature Swine exposed to - 75 degrees C air for 1, 3, 5, 10 or 20 min. Biopsies were taken at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h and 1 and 2 weeks. Two hundred slides were evaluated microscopically: pyknosis, vacuolation, individualization of cells, and degeneration were graded from 0-5; 0, no change; 5, severe change. Necrosis, new epithelium, and microabscesses were recorded as present or absent. Early changes of vacuolation of keratinocytes, individualization of cells and pyknosis increased with biopsy time until 1 week, at which time more severe changes predominated. Intermediate changes of advanced degeneration and dermoepidermal microabscesses were seen at 48 h and 1 and 2 weeks. Late changes of necrosis and epithelial regeneration occurred, both separately or together in the same tissue, at 1 and 2 weeks. Regeneration occurred either as complete replacement of epithelium, or as crescents of new epithelium beneath degenerating epithelium. The results show that necrosis is a late development, so prognosis based on early skin biopsies must be guarded to unfavourable. Furthermore, these findings suggest that cold has a direct effect on epithelial cell membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 1","pages":"41-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040530/pdf/brjexppathol00145-0051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14059623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increased vascular permeability and polymorphonuclear leucocyte accumulation in vivo in response to recombinant cytokines and supernatant from cultures of human synovial cells treated with interleukin 1.","authors":"M L Watson, G P Lewis, J Westwick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inflammatory effects of intradermal injections of the human recombinant cytokines interleukin 1 (IL-1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha) have been assessed in rabbit skin, and compared with the effects of a novel polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN)-stimulating activity (PSA) produced by IL-1-treated human synovial cell cultures. IL-1 (84 fmol) and GM-CSF (10 pmol) caused increases in vascular permeability with a delayed onset, as assessed by the dermal accumulation of intravenously-administered 125I-human serum albumin. These cytokines also stimulated extravascular accumulation of PMNs. In contrast, PSA-containing supernatant caused a more rapid and prolonged increase in vascular permeability and PMN accumulation. TNF alpha (84 fmol) was unable to stimulate either of these responses. The increases in vascular permeability and PMN accumulation following IL-1 administration in vivo may be a consequence of the local generation of PMN-stimulating activity by connective tissue cells, such as the activity produced by IL-1-treated synovial cell cultures that we have described.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"70 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040532/pdf/brjexppathol00145-0101.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13788062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Dunham, M G Chambers, M K Jasani, L Bitensky, J Chayen
{"title":"Changes in oxidative activities of chondrocytes during the early development of natural murine osteoarthritis.","authors":"J Dunham, M G Chambers, M K Jasani, L Bitensky, J Chayen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high incidence of natural osteoarthritis of the knee joint is found in male mice of the STR/ORT strain. The condition affects mainly the medial tibial cartilage and by the age of 27 weeks most male mice of this strain show some osteoarthritic change. Analysis of the oxidative metabolism of the chondrocytes during the development of the lesion has been facilitated by the techniques of quantitative cytochemistry. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has been investigated as indicative of the NADPH-generating pentose-phosphate pathway; the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been studied as indicators of glycolytic activity. In young STR/ORT mice the G6PD activity of the lateral tibial cartilage was greater and more variable than in the control mice of the CBA/HT6 strain. The activity in the medial cartilage, relative to that in the lateral cartilage, decreased with age; this change was not reflected in the activities of the other enzymes. In the lateral cartilage, the expected relationship was found between the G6PD and the G3PD activities and between the LDH and the G3PD activities. In the medial cartilage, the G6PD activities were not related to the G3PD activities. The decreased proportionality of the G6PD activities in the medial cartilage as against that in the lateral cartilage was detected in mice as young as 9 weeks; by 27 weeks of age nine of the 13 mice showed marked depression of medial as against lateral G6PD activities. In contrast, only four of the 13 mice showed any overt histological charge until up to the age of 28 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"69 6","pages":"845-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2013294/pdf/brjexppathol00006-0090.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14350206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Pugh, S E Williams, T Barton, C G Clark, M R Lewin
{"title":"Endogenous prostaglandin E2 synthesis preserved following cytoprotection by Roter (bismuth subnitrate) in the rat alcohol model of gastric ulceration.","authors":"S Pugh, S E Williams, T Barton, C G Clark, M R Lewin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The protective effect of the compound preparation Roter, principally bismuth subnitrate and the other base constituents of these tablets, magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, were assessed using the standard alcohol model of gastric ulceration in the rat. Groups of ten rats were studied with Group A as controls, Group B alcohol alone, Group C pretreatment with base components followed by alcohol, Group D pretreatment with bismuth subnitrate followed by alcohol and Group E pretreatment with full formulation Roter followed by alcohol. The study was assessed by measurement of areas of gastric ulceration and tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Alcohol alone caused gross ulceration and reduction in PGE2 synthesis compared to controls (P less than 0.001). Pretreatment with tablet base gave only marginal protection whilst bismuth subnitrate gave marked protection against ulceration compared to alcohol alone (P less than 0.001). Full formulation Roter also gave marked protection against ulceration compared to alcohol alone (P less than 0.001) and this was associated with PGE2 synthesis indistinguishable from controls but significantly greater than in the alcohol alone group (P less than 0.001). It was not possible to determine whether the normal PGE2 synthesis was the cause or the result of protective effect of Roter and the accompanying reduction in ulceration. It was possible however to conclude that using this model of experimental ulceration. Roter and bismuth subnitrate are 'cytoprotective' and this was associated with the preservation of normal prostaglandin synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"69 6","pages":"833-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2013292/pdf/brjexppathol00006-0078.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14347689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Claassen, Y Westerhof, B Versluis, N Kors, M Schellekens, N van Rooijen
{"title":"Effects of chronic injection of sphingomyelin-containing liposomes on lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in the spleen. Transient suppression of marginal zone macrophages.","authors":"E Claassen, Y Westerhof, B Versluis, N Kors, M Schellekens, N van Rooijen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mice were injected with sphingomyelin/cholesterol or phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (PC/C) liposomes, from twice up to 10 times, on alternate days. Administration of sphingomyelin/cholesterol (SM/C) liposomes gave rise to hepato and splenomegaly, microgranulomatous infections and changes in macrophage numbers and activity in spleen and liver. Enzyme and immuno-cytochemical methods were used, to demonstrate the effect of liposomes on the lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell populations, on cryostat sections of the spleen. Routine histological staining, of sphingomyelin/cholesterol treated animals, showed no drastic changes in morphology or compartmentalization of the spleen, apart from a small enlargement (with some microgranulomas) of the red pulp. No significant differences were found in the presence or localization of T-helper, T-cytotoxic/suppressor, T-total-lymphocytes, B-total-lymphocytes, red pulp macrophages, marginal metallophils, or non-lymphoid dendritic cells. However, a transient suppression of cells expressing marginal zone macrophage surface marker ERTR-9, was observed between the second and eighth (intravenous) administration of sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes. Immunization of these animals with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-ficoll, a thymus-independent type-2 antigen which is specifically processed by marginal zone macrophages (MZM), showed that these cells were not suppressed with regard to their immunological function. We conclude that chronic administration of sphingomyelin liposomes influences macrophages, probably through a general phagocytic-system overload, but not permanent or damaging changes in splenic cell populations or immunological functions occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"69 6","pages":"865-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2013293/pdf/brjexppathol00006-0109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14350207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Significance of cyclosporin-A-associated renal surface irregularities.","authors":"J Cornish, M Vanderwee, G Findon, T Miller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate unusual irregularities observed on the surface of kidneys from rats which had been treated with seven 'clinically effective doses' (25 or 50 mg/kg) of cyclosporin A (CsA). Surface corrugations were obvious on gross examination and were a universal finding in our study which involved greater than 50 rats. Examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface irregularities resulted from swollen peritubular capillaries adjacent to vacuolized and partially collapsed tubules at the cortical surface. The enlarged capillaries were associated with vascular congestion, and although peritubular capillary congestion has been recognized in CsA-treated patients, it has been difficult to determine whether this reaction is associated with drug toxicity or graft rejection. Our findings, indicating that peritubular capillary congestion in addition to vacuolization and collapse of subcapsular tubules is a drug-associated phenomenon, may help give a more accurate assessment of biopsy and autopsy material from CsA-treated patients and laboratory animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"69 6","pages":"839-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2013300/pdf/brjexppathol00006-0084.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14347690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mouse interstitial lung disease and pleuritis induction by human Mollicute-like organisms.","authors":"E Wirostko, L A Johnson, W J Wirostko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mollicute-Like Organisms (MLO) are cell-wall deficient intracellular bacterial pathogens. As MLO are non-cultivable, detection is based on finding typical Mollicute bodies within the host cell using a transmission electron microscope. Extracellular Mollicutes cause disease by a variety of mechanisms. MLO cause disease by similar mechanisms, and in addition directly alter the host cell nucleus, replace the cytoplasm, and destroy the organelles. MLO parasitization of plant cells causes a well studied chronic vascular disease reversible by tetracycline antibiotics. Recently similar MLO were reported to cause human chronic ocular vasculitis. As it parasitizes, lyses, and destroys leucocytes, it has been termed Leucocytoclastic MLO. Inoculation of this MLO into mouse eyelids produced delayed onset chronic ocular and lethal cardiac vasculitis. All lesions demonstrated tissue lysis with leucocytic infiltrates and MLO parasitized leucocytes. MLO-caused human and mouse disease responds to Rifampin. This report describes the 40 interstitial lung disease lesions in 21 of 100 of those MLO inoculated mice vs 0 in 200 controls (P less than 0.05) and 27 pleuritis lesions in 17 mice vs 0 control mice (P less than 0.05). The lung and pleural disease were associated in 13 lesions and unassociated in 41 lesions. MLO parasitized leucocytes were found in both the lung and pleural lesions from six of six MLO inoculated mice versus none of six controls. As most human interstitial lung and pleural diseases are idiopathic and closely resemble this mouse disease, they may be induced by MLO and treatable by Rifampin.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"69 6","pages":"891-902"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2013284/pdf/brjexppathol00006-0133.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14350208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M A Bosch, R García, R Pagani, M T Portolés, I Díaz-Laviada, S Abarca, M J Ainaga, C Risco, A M Municio
{"title":"Induction of reversible shock by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in rats. Changes in serum and cell membrane parameters.","authors":"M A Bosch, R García, R Pagani, M T Portolés, I Díaz-Laviada, S Abarca, M J Ainaga, C Risco, A M Municio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reversible endotoxic shock was induced in adult rats by i.v. injection of Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (1.6 mg/100 g). The shock progression was evaluated by measuring serum glucose levels as well as activities of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase in serum. A rapid increase of serum glucose levels occurs, after LPS injection, followed by hypoglycaemia (minimum values at 6 h) with progressive reversion to control values. Serum GOT activity increased (twofold) 6 h after endotoxin administration and returned to control values at 72 h. No appreciable changes occurred in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Endotoxaemia produced a decrease in the cytochrome P-450 levels in all target organs considered: lung, adrenal glands and liver. The progressive decrease in the serum albumin concentration as well as changes of the physical properties of the plasma membranes observed in vivo, can not be explained only by direct interaction of endotoxin with the target organs, underlining the importance of serum mediators in the induction of the shock response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"69 6","pages":"805-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2013297/pdf/brjexppathol00006-0051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14197055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W M Bagchus, P J Hoedemaeker, J F Slegers, W W Bakker
{"title":"The specificity of nephritogenic antibodies. V. Glomerular localization of anti-GP 330 and anti-GP 90 antibodies present in passive Heymann serum.","authors":"W M Bagchus, P J Hoedemaeker, J F Slegers, W W Bakker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Administration in the rat of rabbit antibodies directed against rat tubular brushborder antigens (FXIA) leads to membranous glomerulopathy (HICN) associated with glomerular immune complexes (ICXS). These anti-FXIA antibodies (Abs) contain two major specificities, anti-GP 330 and anti-GP 90. The contribution of each specificity to the localization of anti-FXIA Abs was studied by direct immunofluorescence. Perfusion studies, under conditions which avoid ischaemia, confirmed that in this system glomerular localization of anti-FXIA Abs depends only on anti-GP 90 Abs, and the failure of anti-GP 330 Abs to localize after perfusion could not be attributed to ischaemia. In contrast, intravenous (i.v.) injection of anti-GP 330 Abs results in granular deposits of rabbit IgG, similar to those observed using anti-FXIA Abs. Injection i.v. of anti-GP 90 Abs results only in (faint) linear deposits. Using alternating and combined perfusion studies with these Abs, it is shown that anti-GP 90 Abs do not influence localization of anti-GP 330 Abs. In addition, systemic administration of anti-GP 90 Abs combined with perfusion of anti-GP 330 Abs does not facilitate localization of anti-GP 330 Abs. Although directly after i.v. injection of anti-FXIA Abs some anti-GP 90 Abs probably localize in the glomerular capillary wall, our results exclude a dominant or ancillary role for anti-GP 90 Abs in the formation of glomerular Icxs in HICN.</p>","PeriodicalId":9248,"journal":{"name":"British journal of experimental pathology","volume":"69 6","pages":"855-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2013298/pdf/brjexppathol00006-0099.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14197057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}