Biomedical research and clinical practice最新文献

{"title":"Unravelling the world of consciousness and opening a possible gateway for protection against radiation induced damage","authors":"Indraganti Pk, Namita I, Khanna A","doi":"10.15761/brcp.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brcp.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"Whole body exposure to acute doses of ionizing radiation may result in either hematopoietic or gastrointestinal form of acute radiation syndrome ( hs-ARS or GI- ARS ). ARS is multifactorial in nature and is the result of complex interactions which are dynamic in a spatial-temporal fashion. This complexity poses a real challenge to radioprotective drug development endeavours (especially post irradiation protection). Understanding of the spatial-temporal complexity at cellular, tissue, organ, system and organism level, seems to be a critical prerequisite for the development of ideal medical radiation countermeasures but as of now it is not implicitly deciphered. Here, we are proposing, based on the idea of panpsychism, hierarchical consciousness (atomic, molecular, supramolecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, systemic and so on) as a probable strategy for deciphering the complexity that evolve during and after exposure to ionizing radiation. The hierarchical consciousness is also proposed as a framework or model for artificial intelligence (AI) based strategies to understand the pathophysiology of ARS.","PeriodicalId":92336,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67431331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current controversies of using cost per QALY for cost- effectiveness analysis-Isn’t two decades enough?","authors":"B. Borissov","doi":"10.15761/brcp.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brcp.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"Cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) has murky origins and is empirical by nature. The fundamental issue is that QALY is not aimed at valuing health improvements but rather valuing health states. In the present era of breakthrough innovations and personalized medicine, the cost per QALY approach is outdated and far too imprecise. Cost per QALY remains a golden standard for some health technology assessment agencies to determine the value for money of innovations. The method is associated with well-acknowledged shortcomings. Criticism to cost per QALY is steadily growing and echoed by experts and international organizations. Cost-effectiveness analyses are expected to be expressed as costs per relevant clinical outcome and integrate fairly all relevant attributes. Cost per QALY assessment for health decision-making played its role in the last decades but should be abandoned in light of the current knowledge and nature of new medical technologies.","PeriodicalId":92336,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological and functional characteristics of airway mucociliary clearance","authors":"Adolf A Krishtafovich, Zagdyn Zinaida, B. Ariel","doi":"10.15761/brcp.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brcp.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92336,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene sensor for smart phone based continuous monitoring of ECG signals","authors":"Mohammed Butt, M. Abbod, A. Vehkaoja, W. Balachandran","doi":"10.15761/brcp.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brcp.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"ECG (Electrocardiography) is an important vital sign in the body of a human, which can detect different illness including cardiac arrhythmias, heart attacks and cardiomyopathy. Continuous monitoring of ECG can prevent such type of diseases on time and help to control the death rates and decrease the healthcare costs by enabling early intervention. In this regard, this paper presents a graphene-based ECG sensor for continuous monitoring using behind the ear location. Due to excellent electrical conductivity, the graphene layer is coated on the surface of Ag/AgCl ECG measurement electrodes using a drop casting technique for the improvement of skin to electrode contact. The quality of the contact is further compared with traditional Ag/AgCl electrodes to evaluate the performance in terms of the better output signal. The obtained results showed that the signal from graphene-based electrodes is better than the one obtained with conventional electrodes in term of SNR (signal to noise ratio) and shoes that all the waveforms of a cardiac cycle very clearly. Furthermore, the ECG acquisition unit is integrated with the CBT (Core body temperature) sensor capable of measuring temperature from the tympanic membrane (in the ear). Both sensors are capable of measuring the vital signs from the ear location. Moreover, the device is capable of sending the data to the mobile application via Bluetooth communication, the application running in the phone of the user would allow continuous monitoring of their ECG and CBT in real time by providing a user-friendly environment. *Correspondence to: Wamadeva Balachandran, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK, Tel: +44 (0) 1895 265774; Fax: +44 (0) 1895 269782; E-mail: wamadeva. balachandran@brunel.ac.uk","PeriodicalId":92336,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment for indeterminate pulmonary nodules using a novel, plasma-protein based biomarker assay.","authors":"Neil N Trivedi, Mehrdad Arjomandi, James K Brown, Tess Rubenstein, Abigail D Rostykus, Stephanie Esposito, Eden Axler, Mike Beggs, Heng Yu, Luis Carbonell, Alice Juang, Sandy Kamer, Bhavin Patel, Shan Wang, Amanda L Fish, Zaid Haddad, Alan Hb Wu","doi":"10.15761/brcp.1000173","DOIUrl":"10.15761/brcp.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increase in lung cancer screening is intensifying the need for a noninvasive test to characterize the many indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) discovered. Correctly identifying non-cancerous nodules is needed to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Alternatively, early identification of malignant nodules may represent a potentially curable form of lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a plasma-based multiplexed protein assay for classifying IPN by discriminating between those with a lung cancer diagnosis established pathologically and those found to be clinically and radiographically stable for at least one year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a novel technology, we developed assays for plasma proteins associated with lung cancer into a panel for characterizing the risk that an IPN found on chest imaging is malignant. The assay panel was evaluated with a cohort of 277 samples, all from current smokers with an IPN 4-30 mm. Subjects were divided into training and test sets to identify a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model for risk classification containing those proteins and clinical factors that added discriminatory information to the Veteran's Affairs (VA) Clinical Factors Model. The algorithm was then evaluated in an independent validation cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 97 validation study subjects, 68 were grouped as having intermediate risk by the VA model of which the SVM model correctly identified 44 (65%) of these intermediate-risk samples as low (n=16) or high risk (n=28). The SVM model negative predictive value (NPV) was 94% and its sensitivity was 94%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The performance of the novel plasma protein biomarker assay supports its use as a noninvasive risk assessment aid for characterizing IPN. The high NPV of the SVM model suggests its application as a rule-out test to increase the confidence of providers to avoid aggressive interventions for their patients for whom the VA model result is an inconclusive, intermediate risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":92336,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical practice","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38366283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follicular lymphoma presenting as scalp mass deformity: Case Report and Review of the literature.","authors":"Divine Nwafor,&nbsp;Walid Radwan,&nbsp;Brandon Lucke-Wold,&nbsp;William Underwood,&nbsp;Kymberly Gyure,&nbsp;Robert Marsh","doi":"10.15761/BRCP.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/BRCP.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphoma presenting as a scalp mass is a rare but serious medical condition mandating aggressive treatment and neurosurgical intervention. We report a case of 53-year-old male who presented with a large right sided frontal scalp mass and a smaller mass located on the left frontal scalp. After discussion with the patient, it was decided to resect the larger mass for definitive diagnosis. After subtotal resection of the mass, biopsy revealed WHO grade 1 follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse pattern stage IV. The patient was subsequently treated with 4 grays (Gy) of palliative radiotherapy over 2 fractions to the right frontal scalp and systemic chemo-immunotherapy (6 cycles) followed by rituximab maintenance. Lumbar puncture to obtain cerebrospinal fluid was done a month after therapy began and the results were negative for spread of malignant cells. Approximately 3 months after initiation of therapy, PET/CT showed no evidence of active malignancy and MRI revealed a complete internal resolution of the enlarged right frontal scalp mass. We use this case to provide a detailed discussion regarding disease pathophysiology, early diagnosis, and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":92336,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical practice","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6059655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36354891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein S: a Multifunctional Anticoagulant.","authors":"A'drianne Dorsey, Vijaya Satish Pilli, Howard Fried, Rinku Majumder","doi":"10.15761/BRCP.1000151","DOIUrl":"10.15761/BRCP.1000151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92336,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical practice","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6103620/pdf/nihms928822.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36432233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}