Journal of stem cell research最新文献

{"title":"Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Case Report","authors":"Anoop V Somarajan, Athira Mohan, Ahamed Shabeer, RS Anusreeraj","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2021.3(3)-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2021.3(3)-36","url":null,"abstract":"Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura also known as Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura or ITP, is an autoimmune disorder characterised by accelerated destruction and suboptimal platelet production that leads to reduced peripheral blood platelet counts. Females have a higher incidence than in Males with the ratio of 3:1. Here we present a case of 68-year-old female, with complaints of purpuric spots, ecchymosis, discolouration of tongue and history of melena. The treatment is initiated with IV dose of Corticosteroids followed by platelet infusions. Steroid dose must be tapered after one month of treatment schedule. Splenectomy is preferred in severe cases. ITP occurs because of platelet destruction abruptly by complex mechanisms in the immune system.","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43200495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In The Treatment Of Obesity","authors":"Mary P. Welsh, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-05","url":null,"abstract":"The growing obesity epidemic has presented many challenges in the treatment and prevention of the disease due to its multifactorial nature. The onset of obesity is complex and involves an intricate interaction between genetic, biologic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Current treatment options focus on creating a negative energy balance where an individual burns off more energy than they consume. These treatments rely on drastic lifestyle changes that include increasing their amounts of physical activity and decreasing the amount of food consumed. In addition to these methods pharmacologic therapy can be used and when all else fails bariatric surgery such as a gastric bypass can be done. However, a common theme that occurs after these various treatments of obesity is weight regain after an initial weight loss. After treatment methods have been used some individuals regain more weight than they initially lost following the intervention. The need for an effective treatment option is essential to improving global health by decreasing obesity rates and its associated comorbidities. Therefore, new studies have emerged focusing on the use of adipose-derivedk mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic strategy for obesity. There have been several animal models that have shown that the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be an effective approach for treating obesity and its related comorbidities, however more studies need to be conducted in order to fully understand the mechanism.","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46366291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem Cells, Lithium And Neuropsychiatric Disorders","authors":"Maggie A. Bartony, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47615083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect Of Stem Cells On Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","authors":"Keeghan Andrews, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-04","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects over 15,000 infant births per year in the United States and is one of the major causes of mortality in preterm infants. BPD is one of the most common long-term adverse effects from premature infant birth. Unlike other medical complications related to premature infant birth, the incidence of BPD is not declining. Approximately 15 million infants are born prematurely each year. One million infants worldwide are reported to die each year as a result of medical complications due to premature birth. Therapeutic interventions for BPD include: maternal progesterone, antenatal steroids, surgical cerclage, decreased ventilation levels, caffeine/methylxanthines, diuretics, bronchodilators, postnatal steroids, vitamin A, and inhaled nitric oxide. These interventions have demonstrated limited effectiveness. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the preferred source for therapy for infants with BPD as they differentiate into various cell types including: muscles, bones, fat, and cartilage. Stem cell transplantation has shown to improve lung function and repair, decrease pulmonary hypertension, decrease risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, decrease BPD severity, and increase survival rates. Researchers believe the use of stem cells may offer alternative options for patients with BPD to improve lung function and decrease complications related to premature birth. potential BMSCs in a hyperoxia-induced model of BPD in rats. Results showed chronic hyperoxia in newborn rats led to loss of lung capillaries, air space enlargement, and decreased resident lung BMSCs. Administration of BMSCs on postnatal day 4 revealed decreased alveolar and lung vascular injury, improved survival and exercise tolerance, and decreased pulmonary hypertension. suggested for of hUSMSCs at 10 days of life. Six infants received a low dose of hUSCMSCs and 6 infants received a high dose of hUSCMSCs. Results of the study revealed no significant clinical differences between low dose and high dose groups. The treatment was tolerated and appeared to be safe. Additional research was recommended with a larger randomized controlled blinded study This study will evaluate monitor long term outcomes of therapy using neurological development tests and growth measures and compare hUCMSCs intervention with a placebo group. Sixty-two premature infants with BPD have been enrolled in this study. Each infant received a single intratracheal administration of hUCMSCs. Follow up assessments will be completed at: 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 36 months, 48 months, and 60 months. Several medical and clinical factors will be assessed and monitored: medical treatments including use of oxygen, steroids, bronchodilators, admissions to emergency room due to respiratory issues, survival rate, growth measured by percentile charts, neurological development measured by the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development, motor development measured by Gross Motor Function Cl","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42838215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Health Crisis Of Sickle Cell Disease And The Impact Of Stem Cell Therapy As A Viable Treatment","authors":"Hannah Chappell, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-03","url":null,"abstract":"S ickle cell disease is an inherited hematological disorder where the presence of this gene can impact the function of hemoglobin, causing it to polymerize and form the abnormal sickle red blood cells. Vascular occlusion is usually associated with this disease, as the abnormal shaped red blood cells are unable to move throughout microvasculature of the body and get trapped in vessels, causing a pain episode for patients which is referred to as being one of the most prominent and agonizing symptoms of the disease. Throughout the investigation of various forms of treatment for this disease, specific methods stand out from others with successful implementation or promising ongoing results. Hydroxyurea stands out among these various forms as a frontrunner as it has been investigated in low-resource countries such as Uganda and highlights several factors that make it low-cost and easily distributable. Stem cell therapy and CRISPR-gene editing technology are also promising forms of treatment, although individuals result in different phenotypic expressions. Both parents need to carry the gene in order for the disease to be inherited. Homozygous individuals develop sickle cell anemia, while heterozygous individuals are proven beneficial against fighting malaria [6]. High prevalence of sickle cell anemia is seen with the heterozygous genetic makeup in areas where levels of malaria are high [6]. High incidence areas are due to the lack of awareness among both local and public health policy makers [7]. Sickle cell disease targets certain ethnic groups including Hispanic americans from central and south America, people of middle eastern, Asian, Indian, and Mediterranean descent, and most seen in people of African descent and the sub-Saharan Africa region [4].","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46020686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy Of Autologous Stem Cell Transplants To Treat High Risk Neuroblastoma","authors":"Caitlyn Murphy, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-02","url":null,"abstract":"High Risk Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer that arises from immature nerve cells. While low and intermediate risk neuroblastomas remain curable with high survival rates, high risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) patients have less than a 50 percent chance of survival. Due to this disparity HRNB patients undergo intense multimodal treatment, while researchers attempt to find the best variants and combinations of treatments that will improve this statistic. One factor of interest in treatment is the autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). ASCT have been found to improve event free survival (EFS) when compared to continuing chemotherapy, however overall survival (OS) rates remain unchanged. Similarly, tandem ASCT has improved EFS significantly compared to a single transplant, while OS remains the same. While OS is the standard for measuring the efficacy of oncological treatments, with a cancer as aggressive as HRNB improved EFS is satisfactory. Thus, single transplants should be continued, and tandem transplants should be implemented when indicated. characteristics, including MYCN , contemporary induction, and pre-minimal residual disease (MRD)-positivity. This suggest that there is a need for reevaluation of stem cell transplants in the treatment of HRNB. concludes that ASCT does not have a significant effect on improving EFS or OS when local RT, anti-GD2 and are used for consolidation after dose-intensive induction chemotherapy and suggests reevaluating the use of ASCT in treating HRNB","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49450099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy For Chronic Wound Healing","authors":"Samantha Spence, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2022.3(1)-01","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic or non-healing skin wounds present an ongoing challenge in advanced wound care and the current wound healing technologies remain insufficient. Recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising new approach for chronic wound healing, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) being of the most interest. MSCs have proven to be an attractive cell type for cell-based therapy due to their ease of isolation, vast differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory effects during transplantation. Furthermore, MSCs were determined to play an innate role in the wound healing process making them an obvious candidate for treatment of chronic wounds. When introduced into the wound bed, MSCs have been shown to promote fibroblast migration, stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, facilitate wound closure, initiate re-epithelialization, enhance angiogenesis, and mitigate inflammation in preclinical animal models. The efficacy and safety of MSC application for treatment of chronic wounds was further confirmed by several clinical studies involving human subjects which yielded similar positive results with no adverse side effects. However, while MSCs appear to be a promising resource for chronic wound care, more research is required to determine the optimal cell source and route of delivery before this technology can be applied in clinical medicine. ability. Several comparative analyses have been conducted to compare the cell morphology, immunophenotype, gene expression profile, proliferation potential, differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory MSCs isolated from","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41373086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Potential Stem Cell Therapies For Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Seanin Graham, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2021.2(2)-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2021.2(2)-24","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to synthesize the existing literature on the intriguing research and development of stem cell treatments for age-related macular degeneration, AMD. AMD is the leading cause of vision loss for older adults across the world, and while it does not cause complete blindness, it does impact central vision, making it harder to see faces, read, drive, or do close-up work like cooking or fixing things around the house. AMD is a progressive disease that occurs in three stages, and it is subcategorized as either wet (neovascular) or dry (atrophic). There is no treatment for late-stage dry AMD, but there is a treatment for the much less common wet AMD. Pluripotent stem cells, which include human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have been used to study the development of disease processes and as potential therapies in multiple organ systems. This review focuses on the etiology of both forms of AMD, the stem cells being investigated for treatment, and the completed and ongoing clinical trials evaluating AMD stem cell treatments.","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42530338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem Cell Engineering Developments And Advances In Providing HIV Immunity","authors":"J. Desimone, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2021.2(2)-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2021.2(2)-23","url":null,"abstract":"Current research in HIV treatment is oriented toward developing a therapeutic that can permanently reduce viral load and restore functional immunity but without life-long and daily drug intake. A treatment like this would ultimately provide a cure for HIV/AIDS. The transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is one of these possible methods. These cells can be genetically engineered with HIV resistance then transplanted into a patient, where they can differentiate and mature to develop an HIV-resistant immune system. This would provide a patient with life-long resistance to HIV and reduce the effects of AIDS and further viral replication. Thus, this method of treatment would provide a one-time, life-long cure for HIV/AIDS. Here we review current and recent developments in hematopoietic stem cell modifications, anti-HIV gene construction, in vitro HIV resistance, transplantation of modified cells, and the progress of different methods on animal and human trials.","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46591735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation Of The Role Of Stem Cells In Treatments For Organ Damage Related To COVID-19","authors":"E. Bryant, V. Gallicchio","doi":"10.52793/jscr.2021.2(2)-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52793/jscr.2021.2(2)-22","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is an illness that can produce life-threatening complications in hosts. It is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This work examines and compares existing publications covering the usage of stem cells in the research and treatment of COVID-19 symptoms. Specifically, hPSCs serve a purpose centered on research as they are incorporated into determining pathophysiology of COVID-19; whereas MSC injections are being developed as medical treatments. hPSCs have been utilized to form artificial organoids crucial to the study of COVID-19 effects on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and neural systems. The ability of MSCs to regenerate tissue and communicate with the host immune system to induce anti-inflammatory effects makes them key in medical studies during which MSC solutions are injected into COVID-19-infected patients. The results of these studies, though incomplete, show that MSCs are capable of alleviating COVID-19 symptoms. Both hPSCs and MSCs are therefore","PeriodicalId":92258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45780483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}