Current research in diabetes & obesity journal最新文献

{"title":"PTP1B Inhibitors as Potential Target for Type II Diabetes","authors":"R. Priefer","doi":"10.19080/crdoj.2020.14.555876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/crdoj.2020.14.555876","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels resulting primarily from either a lack of insulin production or insulin resistance. Insulin elicits its effects by activating the Insulin Receptor (IR) which is responsible for glucose uptake and promotes insulin signaling. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of IR signaling and is responsible for dephosphorylating the tyrosine phosphorylated IR. Inhibition of PTP1B could thus promote glucose uptake [1]. Early PTP1B inhibitors, such as charged active site-directed analogs, showed poor cell membrane permeability. Subsequent uncharged mimetics overcome this initial hurdle however specificity over T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) was another challenge that needed to be overcome. Herein is an overview of the challenges faced for targeting PTP1B. These include the evaluation of compounds that target the active site, allosteric site, and finally covalent inhibition of this potentially viable drug target.","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44116629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Have We Learnt from Cardiovascular Outcome Studies of New Anti-diabetic Therapies in Last Decade?","authors":"Ashok Jaiswal","doi":"10.19080/CRDOJ.2020.13.555874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CRDOJ.2020.13.555874","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes has become a major health concern worldwide with a rapid increase in its prevalence rate. Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. A 2007 meta-analysis of rosiglitazone showed significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone therapy and that raised an alarm regarding cardiovascular safety of anti-diabetic drugs. Post this incidence in 2008, the UF FDA issued a guidance for the industry to conduct CVOT on new anti-diabetic therapies before they are approved for clinical use. Since then, all new anti-diabetic therapies underwent CVOTs for their cardiovascular safety evaluation. The objective of this paper is to review the key learnings from CVOTs of new anti-diabetic therapies published post 2008 FDA guidance.","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44694918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in the Workplace of the National Electricity Company in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila","doi":"10.19080/CRDOJ.2020.13.555873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CRDOJ.2020.13.555873","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic respiratory conditions, diabetes, cancer, and musculoskeletal disorders are multifactorial and disabling diseases. They have become a real burden globally [1-5]. Indeed, metabolic syndrome is a warning sign of a serious health problem in the workplace. It witnesses the significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease-causing disability, reduced production, and premature death. Aims: To identify the factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in SNEL workers in the city of Kinshasa. Methods: longitudinal study for analytical purposes carried out among agents of an electricity company in the city of Kinshasa. The data collection was based on a questionnaire, a clinical examination, and a laboratory assessment. Results: 92 agents responded to the summons, or 65.5%. The risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in SNEL employees before the procedure are: sex (OR=9.9), marital status (OR=0.24), function, tobacco consumption (OR=1.23). , history of arterial hypertension (HBP) (OR=1.29), history of CVD (OR=0.59) and history of type 2 diabetes (T2D), (OR=0.01), healthy diet (OR=26.5), quality of life (OR=1.3) and recreational physical activity (APL) (OR=1.28). After the intervention, it emerges from the same table that the RF associated with the metabolic syndrome in SNEL employees are: age (OR=0.48), level of study (OR=3.09), function (OR=3.09), sedentary lifestyle (OR=0.445), tobacco (OR=0.21), alcohol (OR=0.20), history of hypertension (OR=0.33) , history of CVD (OR=0.26), Quality of life (OR= 9.87),healthy diet (OR=1.9). and APL (OR=1.7). Conclusion: This study made it possible to objectify the extent of the metabolic syndrome and the associated RFs. He witnesses the significantly increased risk of developing NCDs in sedentary workers with an impaired quality of life. These results call for the urgent implementation of targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for the metabolic syndrome in order to combat the emergence of chronic and non-communicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42459051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Educational Intervention on Preventive Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Modification among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"D. Desai","doi":"10.19080/CRDOJ.2020.13.555871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CRDOJ.2020.13.555871","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Type II Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were stratified into CVD risk categories. The lifestyle and prescription pattern of DM patients was studied. Also, impact of educational intervention on preventive strategies for CVD risk modification was assessed. Methods: The WHO Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction charts were used to categorize DM into various CVD risk categories and were imparted education intervention based on WHO Guidelines for Assessment and Management of CVD Risk. Results: 67.5 % of DM had low, 15 % medium, 15 % high and 2.5 % had very high CVD risk. 100 % of DM patients with high CVD risk profile were on antihypertensive and antiplatelet drugs though only 50 % were on hypolipidemic agents. Educational intervention improved the knowledge regarding preventive strategies for CVD Risk modification {weight control (p<0.05), glycemic control (P<0.01), benefits of hypolipidemic agents (p<0.01) and antiplatelet drug aspirin (P<0.001) usage}. Conclusion: 32.5 % Type 2 diabetic patients have medium to very high risk of developing a cardiovascular event. There is a scope to increase the prescription of hypolipidemic drugs for CVD risk modification. Educational intervention resulted in a significant increase in knowledge regarding preventive strategies for CVD Risk modification.","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47833266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Obesity and Stress- Predisposing Factors to Hypertension among Health Workers in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"O. O. Olaitan","doi":"10.19080/CRDOJ.2020.12.555845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CRDOJ.2020.12.555845","url":null,"abstract":"Central obesity poses more threat to human health than general obesity and stress increases its presentation. This study assessed prevalence of central obesity and stress, and their association with hypertension. Two hundred and eighty-three health workers in Jos Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria were randomly selected. Socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyles (physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking and stress) were evaluated by semi-structured and International Stress Management Association Questionnaire. Central obesity was determined by waist circumference.","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42093565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Nutrient-Dense, Portion-Controlled Functional Foods in Overweight Men with Reduced Libidos: A Prospective, Pilot Study","authors":"K. Bauer, Greg J. Sommer, Marra S Francis, V. Wijendran, C. Marsland, S. Bell","doi":"10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555841","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Aging and weight gain often lead to reduced male libido, testosterone levels, and reproductive health functions. Younger men, who have reduced libido due to no under-lying medical or environment cause, are often prescribed medications. Non-pharmacological treatment usually includes weight loss. Materials and Methods: The aim of this prospective, single-arm, four-month study was to evaluate the effect of a nutrient-dense dietary plan using portion-controlled, pre-packaged functional foods on body weight, sexual performance, free testosterone, semen volume, and sperm concentration in overweight men aged 20-50 years of age. Results: Eleven individuals began the study, and six completed it. Participants consumed either four or five nutrient-rich functional foods daily and ate mostly healthy foods otherwise. Baseline mean weight was 107±21 kg, decreasing to 97±24 by week 8, but was 104±19 at week 16. Mean waist circumference decreased at each measurement: 112±13 cm at baseline, 110±12 cm at week 8, and 108 ±11 cm at week 16. Everyone, except one subject who had no change, experienced a decrease in waist circumference of 2-8 cm. All participants for whom data were available experienced increases in salivary testosterone concentrations between 18 and 87 pg/mL; by week 4, all had normal readings. At baseline and throughout the study, all but one person had normal semen volumes (i.e., at least 1.5mL). Sperm concentrations were Optimal at baseline for three participants (i.e.,≥ 55 M/mL), and the remaining two had Moderate values (16-54 M/mL, inclusive). Sperm concentrations varied throughout the study with three men experiencing Moderate concentrations at week 4, and two had Low concentrations (i.e., 15 M/mL). At week 8, all five subjects had Moderate sperm concentrations. By week 12, four had Moderate readings and one had an Optimal sperm concentration; at week 16, this improved to three with Moderate readings and two had Optimal concentrations. Total sperm counts (semen volume x sperm concentration [in millions]) varied among the participants. Between baseline and week 16, two participants had a lower total sperm count (decrease of 12% and 50%), and three had increased counts (all had 40-45% increases). Sexual health was assessed via a questionnaire (Sexual Health Inventory for Men [SHIM]). Upon entry into the study, all participants had suboptimal SHIM scores (i.e.,  21); at the end, three of the six normalized. For the general quality of life questions, scores tended to be better for each quality of life indicator, except gastrointestinal issues (GI), which worsened over time. The greatest improvements were seen in energy level, diet quality, and passion. Conclusions: Overweight men with low libidos experienced benefits from consuming nutrient-dense functional foods for anthropometric measurements, quantitative measures of testosterone, semen volume, sperm concentration, and subjective measures of quality of life. These pre","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43677881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of HbA1c in Severity and Mortality Rate of ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction for Hospitalized Libyan Non-Diabetic Patients","authors":"H. K. Altalhi","doi":"10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555840","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is directly related to the quality of glucose control in diabetic patient. Additionally, diabetes is associated with increased mortality following acute myocardial infarction compared to general population. Objectives: To evaluate the association of HbA1c level and severity of CAD, and outcome of non-diabetic patient with STEMI in our hospital. Patients and Methods: 60 consecutives non-diabetic patient with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction were treated with thrombolytic therapy included in the present prospective study. Blood glucose and HbA1c level of all patients were measured within 3 hours of admission. Patient were divided in to 3 groups according to HbA1c level: with cut-off 6.5% as diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus according to (American diabetes association) group (1) 6.5%, group (2) 6.5 to 8.5%, group (3) 8.5% and above. In hospital. mortality and morbidities of acute STEMI were compared between groups. Results: The mean age was 63±15 year and mean body mass index was 26. 6±6 kg/m², 24 patients (40%) had history of hypertension, 27 patients (45%) of dyslipidemia, 36 patients (60%) were smoker. We found 45 patients with HbA1c ≤ 6 5%, 5 patients with HbA1c 6.5 -8.5 %, 10 patients with HbA1c ≥ 8.5%. There was strong correlation between admission of HbA1c and admission glucose level (P< 0.001). Infarct size as measured by peak creatinin kinase, was not correlated with HbA1c level. Conclusions: HbA1c is an important risk marker in the absence of history of diabetes mellitus in patients with AMI. The optimal management in these patients may contribute in decrease hospital mortality.","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42314125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy","authors":"N. Mikhail","doi":"10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555839","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) are medications approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that these agents exert Reno protective effects. Methods: Review of literature (English, French, Spanish) from January 1990 to November 10, 2019. Searching terms include sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) inhibitors, chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Randomized trials, meta-analysis, expert opinions and guidelines are also reviewed. Results: The effects of canagliflozin on renal events were evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric diabetic nephropathy already on renin-angiotensin (RAS) blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of the incidence of ESKD, doubling of serum creatinine, renal or cardiovascular (CV) death. Canagliflozin was associated with 30% reduction in the incidence of this primary outcome [hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.82, P=0.00001)]. Similar results were generally reported in large CV trials of canagliflozin, empagliflozin and dapagliflozin although renal events were secondary or post-hoc outcomes. Renoprotection by SGLT2 inhibitors was observed in patients with different degrees of renal function at baseline, with or without albuminuria, and taking or not RAS blockers. SGLT2 inhibitors were generally safe with drug discontinuation rates similar to placebo. Canagliflozin was tolerated in patients with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. The incidence of acute renal injury was numerically less frequent with SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo. Conclusions: SGLT2 inhibitors slow progression of diabetic nephropathy and should be standard of care on top of RAS blockers for renal protection in patients with type 2 diabetes. Regulatory authorities should consider allowing using canagliflozin 100 mg/d in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30-45 ml/min/1.73 m2./p>","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positioning Regarding Type 2 Diabetes Reversibility under Unconventional Treatment. What about Genetic and Vitamin Status of Patients?","authors":"Abderrahman youssouf Belazzouz","doi":"10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555838","url":null,"abstract":"A great controversy has emerged recently regarding the effectiveness of unconventional therapies such as: bariatric surgery, intermittent fasting and their ability to cure type 2 diabetes versus the conventional approaches that accompany diabetic patient throughout his life with the need for a therapeutic escalation. Nevertheless, three facts are missing in this approach, the first is the little step back with it especially on the cardiovascular prognosis and the second is the application on pathology such as type2 diabetes so heterogeneous that the therapeutic response can’t be extrapolates. Finally, what is the frequency and severity of subsequent recurrences of diabetes? And will this approach still be as effective? Hence the interest of taking into account two essential aspects before starting this process, the genetic status that modulates the therapeutic response whether for the classical or contemporary approach and which will be necessary to establish a score in order to select the responders to this approach. And vitamin status especially since this new therapeutic method is based primarily on weight loss and all that goes with vitamin losses that may trigger a cascade of subclinical atherosclerosis maintained despite the reversibility of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening Diabetic Retinopathy by smartphone, which adapter to choose? Algerian model (Youssouf Dr Model)","authors":"Belazzouz Abderrahmen Youssouf","doi":"10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/crdoj.2019.12.555837","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus has become a global epidemic, this increase in frequency is the result of screening more and more frequent. The improvement in therapeutic management has made that survival among diabetics has increased enormously and has made a transition of complications forms ranging from fatal renal complications to complications threatening the functional prognosis (like diabetic retinopathy). The latter is often discovered at a late stage because of several causes, some of which are related to the pathology (silent, rarely florid), others related to the patient (inobservance of the monitoring of complications checkup) and the environment (social conditions).","PeriodicalId":92021,"journal":{"name":"Current research in diabetes & obesity journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}