Brain Imaging and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Sex differences in the flexibility of dynamic network reconfiguration of autism spectrum disorder based on multilayer network.","authors":"Le Gao, Yabo Cao, Yigeng Zhang, Junfeng Liu, Tao Zhang, Rongjuan Zhou, Xiaonan Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00907-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00907-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamic network reconfiguration alterations in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) brain have been frequently reported. However, since the prevalence of ASD in males is approximately 3.8 times higher than that in females, and previous studies of dynamic network reconfiguration of ASD have predominantly used male samples, it is unclear whether sex differences exist in dynamic network reconfiguration in ASD. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database, which included balanced samples of 64 males and 64 females with ASD, along with 64 demographically-matched typically developing control (TC) males and 64 TC females. The multilayer network analysis was used to explore the flexibility of dynamic network reconfiguration. The two-way analysis of variance was further performed to examine the sex-related changes in ASD in flexibility of dynamic network reconfiguration. A diagnosis-by-sex interaction effect was identified in the cingulo-opercular network (CON), central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN), and subcortical network (SUB). Compared with TC females, females with ASD showed lower flexibility in CON, CEN, SN, and SUB. The flexibility of CEN and SUB in males with ASD was higher than that in females with ASD. In addition, the flexibility of CON, CEN, SN, and SUB predicted the severity of social communication impairments and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests only in females with ASD. These findings highlight significant sex differences in the flexibility of dynamic network reconfiguration in ASD and emphasize the importance of further study of sex differences in future ASD research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1172-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory retrieval effects as a function of differences in phenomenal experience.","authors":"Austin H Schmidt, C Brock Kirwan","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00892-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00892-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conscious experience and perception are restricted to a single perspective. Although evidence to suggest differences in phenomenal experience can produce observable differences in behavior, it is not well understood how these differences might influence memory. We used fMRI to scan n = 49 participants while they encoded and performed a recognition memory test for faces and words. We calculated a cognitive bias score reflecting individual participants' propensity toward either Visual Imagery or Internal Verbalization based on their responses to the Internal Representations Questionnaire (IRQ). Neither visual imagery nor internal verbalization scores were significantly correlated with memory performance. In the fMRI data, there were typical patterns of activation differences between words and faces during both encoding and retrieval. There was no effect of internal representation bias on fMRI activation during encoding. At retrieval, however, a bias toward visualization was positively correlated with memory-related activation for both words and faces in inferior occipital gyri. Further, there was a crossover interaction in a network of brain regions such that visualization bias was associated with greater activation for words and verbalization bias was associated with greater activation for faces, consistent with increased effort for non-preferred stimulus retrieval. These findings suggest that individual differences in cognitive representations affect neural activation across different types of stimuli, potentially affecting memory retrieval performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"943-950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sleep problems and impulsivity mediated through regional homogeneity abnormalities in male methamphetamine abstainers.","authors":"Qianjin Wang, Tieqiao Liu, Yanan Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00900-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00900-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep problems and impulsivity frequently occur in methamphetamine (MA) abstainers and are linked to aberrant brain function. However, the interplay between these factors remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep, impulsivity, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) through mediation analysis in MA abstainers. 46 MA abstainers and 44 healthy controls were included. Impulsivity and sleep problems were evaluated using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale, respectively. ReHo, indicative of local brain spontaneous neural activity, was assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results unveiled correlations between different dimensions of impulsivity and ReHo values in specific brain regions. Motor impulsivity correlated with ReHo values in the left postcentral gyrus and left precentral gyrus, while non-planning impulsivity was only associated with ReHo values in the left precentral gyrus. Additionally, the need for sleep medications correlated with ReHo values in the left precentral gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus. Also, the need for sleep medications was positively correlated with cognitive impulsivity and motor impulsivity. Mediation analysis indicated that reduced ReHo values in the left precentral gyrus mediated the association between impulsivity and the need for sleep medications. These findings imply that addressing sleep problems, especially the need for sleep medications, might augment spontaneous neural activity in specific brain regions linked to impulsivity among MA abstainers. This underscores the importance of integrating sleep interventions into comprehensive treatment strategies for MA abstainers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1075-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation of white matter microstructure damage and cognitive correlations by automated fibre quantification in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.","authors":"Zichun Yan, Zeyun Tan, Qiyuan Zhu, Zhuowei Shi, Jinzhou Feng, Yiqiu Wei, Feiyue Yin, Xiaohua Wang, Yongmei Li","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00893-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00893-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to characterize whole-brain white matter (WM) fibre tracts by automated fibre quantification (AFQ), capture subtle changes cross-sectionally and longitudinally in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and explore correlations between these changes and cognitive performance A total of 114 RRMS patients and 71 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled and follow-up investigations were conducted on 46 RRMS patients. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) at each node along the 20 WM fibre tracts identified by AFQ were investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally in entire and pointwise manners. Partial correlation analyses were performed between the abnormal metrics and cognitive performance. At baseline, compared with HCs, patients with RRMS showed a widespread decrease in FA and increases in MD, AD, and RD among tracts. In the pointwise comparisons, more detailed abnormalities were localized to specific positions. At follow-up, although there was no significant difference in the entire WM fibre tract, there was a reduction in FA in the posterior portion of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (R_SLF) and elevations in MD and AD in the anterior and posterior portions of the right arcuate fasciculus (R_AF) in the pointwise analysis. Furthermore, the altered metrics were widely correlated with cognitive performance in RRMS patients. RRMS patients exhibited widespread WM microstructure alterations at baseline and alterations in certain regions at follow-up, and the altered metrics were widely correlated with cognitive performance in RRMS patients, which will enhance our understanding of WM microstructure damage and its cognitive correlation in RRMS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1019-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOE4-related differences in cortical thickness are modulated by sex in middle age.","authors":"Kaitlynne N Leclaire, Jenna K Blujus, Laura E Korthauer, Ira Driscoll","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00911-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00911-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, the strongest genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), confers greater risk in females than males. While APOE4-related modulation of structural brain integrity in AD is well documented, extant literature on sex-APOE interactions has focused on older adults. The understanding of the healthy brain as a part of the normal aging process and as distinct from explicit disease or pathology is essential before comparison can be made with pathological states. Hence, it is crucial to characterize and better understand these relationships in middle-age prior to the onset of overt clinical symptoms and advanced neurodegeneration. The present study examined the relationships between sex, APOE status, and cortical thickness in 128 healthy, cognitively unimpaired, middle-aged adults (ages 40-60, M(SD) = 49.97(6.04); 77 females). All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and were genotyped for APOE (APOE4 +  = 38; APOE4- = 90). Compared to males, females had thicker superior frontal cortices bilaterally, left middle temporal cortex, and left pars triangularis. APOE4 + had thinner left rostral middle frontal gyrus compared to APOE4-. Female compared to male APOE4- had thicker left banks of the superior temporal sulcus, left caudal anterior cingulate, left superior frontal, left superior parietal, and right precentral cortices. Female compared to male APOE4 + had thicker superior frontal cortices bilaterally. Female APOE4 + had thinner left rostral anterior cingulate cortex compared to female APOE4-. Overall, APOE-related differences in cortical thickness are more pronounced in females and detectable in middle age, well before the onset of overt clinical symptoms of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1163-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of white matter hyperintensity segmentation methods and implementation over the past two decades; an incomplete shift towards deep learning.","authors":"Maryam Rahmani, Donna Dierker, Lauren Yaeger, Andrew Saykin, Patrick H Luckett, Andrei G Vlassenko, Christopher Owens, Hussain Jafri, Kyle Womack, Jurgen Fripp, Ying Xia, Duygu Tosun, Tammie L S Benzinger, Colin L Masters, Jin-Moo Lee, John C Morris, Manu S Goyal, Jeremy F Strain, Walter Kukull, Michael Weiner, Samantha Burnham, Tim James CoxDoecke, Victor Fedyashov, Jurgen Fripp, Rosita Shishegar, Chengjie Xiong, Daniel Marcus, Parnesh Raniga, Shenpeng Li, Andrew Aschenbrenner, Jason Hassenstab, Yen Ying Lim, Paul Maruff, Hamid Sohrabi, Jo Robertson, Shaun Markovic, Pierrick Bourgeat, Vincent Doré, Clifford Jack Mayo, Parinaz Mussoumzadeh, Chris Rowe, Victor Villemagne, Randy Bateman, Chris Fowler, Qiao-Xin Li, Ralph Martins, Suzanne Schindler, Les Shaw, Carlos Cruchaga, Oscar Harari, Simon Laws, Tenielle Porter, Eleanor O'Brien, Richard Perrin, Walter Kukull, Randy Bateman, Eric McDade, Clifford Jack, John Morris, Nawaf Yassi, Pierrick Bourgeat, Richard Perrin, Blaine Roberts, Victor Villemagne, Victor Fedyashov, Benjamin Goudey","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00902-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00902-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review examines the prevalence, underlying mechanisms, cohort characteristics, evaluation criteria, and cohort types in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) pipeline and implementation literature spanning the last two decades. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we categorized WMH segmentation tools based on their methodologies from January 1, 2000, to November 18, 2022. Inclusion criteria involved articles using openly available techniques with detailed descriptions, focusing on WMH as a primary outcome. Our analysis identified 1007 visual rating scales, 118 pipeline development articles, and 509 implementation articles. These studies predominantly explored aging, dementia, psychiatric disorders, and small vessel disease, with aging and dementia being the most prevalent cohorts. Deep learning emerged as the most frequently developed segmentation technique, indicative of a heightened scrutiny in new technique development over the past two decades. We illustrate observed patterns and discrepancies between published and implemented WMH techniques. Despite increasingly sophisticated quantitative segmentation options, visual rating scales persist, with the SPM technique being the most utilized among quantitative methods and potentially serving as a reference standard for newer techniques. Our findings highlight the need for future standards in WMH segmentation, and we provide recommendations based on these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1310-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141854827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal brain functional network dynamics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with depression.","authors":"Sujuan Sun, Yujing Chen, Bing Zhao, Jun Zhu, Tianrui Wen, Bingnan Peng, Qingguo Ren, Xiaohan Sun, Pengfei Lin, Dong Zhang, Shuangwu Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00896-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00896-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since depression is common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, we aimed to explore the specific brain functional network dynamics in ALS patients with depression (ALS-D) compared with healthy controls (HCs) and ALS patients without depressive symptoms (ALS-ND). According to the DSM-V, 32 ALS-D patients were selected from a large and newly diagnosed ALS cohort. Then, 32 demographic- and cognitive-matched ALS-ND patients were also selected, and 64 HCs were recruited. These participants underwent resting-state fMRI scans, and functional connectivity state analysis and dynamic graph theory were applied to evaluate brain functional network dynamics. Moreover, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to quantify depressive symptoms in the ALS-D patients. Four distinct states were identified in the ALS-D patients and controls. Compared with that in HCs, the fraction rate (FR) in state 2 was significantly decreased in ALS-D patients, and the FR in state 4 was significantly increased in ALS-D patients. Compared with that of HCs, the dwell time in state 4 was significantly increased in the ALS-D patients. Moreover, compared with that in the ALS-D patients, the FR in state 3 was significantly decreased in the ALS-ND patients. Among the ALS-D patients, there was the suggestion of a positive association between HDRS scores and dwell time of state 4, but this association did not reach statistical significance (r = 0.354; p = 0.055). Depression is an important feature of ALS patients, and we found a special pattern of brain functional network dynamics in ALS-D patients. Our findings may play an important role in understanding the mechanism underlying depression in ALS patients and help develop therapeutic interventions for depressed ALS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1034-1043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subregions of the fusiform gyrus are differentially involved in the attentional mechanism supporting visual mental imagery in depression.","authors":"Jun-He Zhou, Bin-Kun Huang, Di Wang, Bai-Le Ning, Xue-Song Liang, Chang-Hong Li, Zeng-Jian Wang, Ying Deng, Xi-Chang Huang, De-Long Zhang, Wen-Bin Fu","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00885-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00885-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impaired visual mental imagery is an important symptom of depression and has gradually become an intervention target for cognitive behavioral therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study involved a total of 25 healthy controls (HC) and 23 individuals with moderate depressive symptoms (MD). This study explored the attentional mechanism supporting visual mental imagery impairments in depression using the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), attentional network test (ANT), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The intrinsic activity of attention-related regions relative to those supporting visual mental imagery was identified in depression patients. In addition, a meta-analysis was used to describe the cognitive function related to this intrinsic activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The global correlation (GCOR) of the right anterior fusiform gyrus (FG) was decreased in depression patients. Attention-related areas were concentrated in the right posterior FG; the anterior and posterior functional connectivity (FC) of the FG was decreased in depression patients. Graph theoretic analysis showed that the degree of the right anterior FG was decreased, the degree of the anterior insula was increased, and the negative connection between these two regions was strengthened in depression patients. In addition, the degree of the right anterior FG, the FC between the subregions of the right FG, and the FC between the right anterior FG and insula were correlated with VVIQ scores; however, this correlation was not significant in depression patients. The meta-analysis suggested that the changes in the anterior FG in depressed patients may stem from difficulties of semantic memory retrieval.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The changed intrinsic activity of subregions of the FG relative to the semantic memory retrieval may be associated with visual mental imagery impairments in depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"961-978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted cognitive network revealed by task-induced brain entropy in schizophrenia.","authors":"Seungho Kim, Sang Won Lee, Hansol Lee, Hui Joong Lee, Seung Jae Lee, Yongmin Chang","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00909-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00909-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain entropy (BEN), which measures the amount of information in brain activity, provides a novel perspective for evaluating brain function. Recent studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have shown that BEN during rest can help characterize brain function alterations in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, there is a lack of research on BEN using task-evoked fMRI to explore task-dependent cognitive deficits in SCZ. In this study, we evaluate whether the reduced working memory (WM) capacity in SCZ is possibly associated with dynamic changes in task BEN during tasks with high cognitive demands. We analyzed data from 15 patients with SCZ and 15 healthy controls (HC), calculating task BEN from their N-back task fMRI scans. We then examined correlations between task BEN values, clinical symptoms, 2-back task performance, and neuropsychological test scores. Patients with SCZ exhibited significantly reduced task BEN in the cerebellum, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, and the middle and superior frontal gyrus (MFG and SFG) compared to HC. In HC, significant positive correlations were observed between task BEN and 2-back accuracy in several brain regions, including the MFG and SFG; such correlations were absent in patients with SCZ. Additionally, task BEN was negatively associated with scores for both positive and negative symptoms in areas including the parahippocampal gyrus among patients with SCZ. In conclusion, our findings indicate that a reduction in BEN within prefrontal and hippocampal regions during cognitively demanding tasks may serve as a neuroimaging marker for SCZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1186-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of spaceflight experience on human brain structure, microstructure, and function: systematic review of neuroimaging studies.","authors":"Sahar Rezaei, Homa Seyedmirzaei, Esmaeil Gharepapagh, Fateme Mohagheghfard, Zahra Hasankhani, Mahsa Karbasi, Sahar Delavari, Mohammad Hadi Aarabi","doi":"10.1007/s11682-024-00894-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11682-024-00894-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spaceflight-induced brain changes have been commonly reported in astronauts. The role of microgravity in the alteration of the brain structure, microstructure, and function can be tested with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of Spaceflight studies exploring the potential role of brain alterations identified by MRI in astronauts. We conducted a search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to find neuroimaging correlates of spaceflight experience using MRI. A total of 20 studies (structural MRI n = 8, diffusion-based MRI n = 2, functional MRI n = 1, structural MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI n = 6, structural MRI and functional MRI n = 3) met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies showed that regardless of the MRI techniques, mission duration significantly impacts the human brain, prompting the inclusion of various brain regions as features in the analyses. After spaceflight, notable alterations were also observed in the superior occipital gyrus and the precentral gyrus which show alterations in connectivity and activation during spaceflight. The results provided highlight the alterations in brain structure after spaceflight, the unique patterns of brain remodeling, the challenges in drawing unified conclusions, and the impact of microgravity on intracranial cerebrospinal fluid volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":9192,"journal":{"name":"Brain Imaging and Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1256-1279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}