{"title":"Agriculture-led Industrialization for Inclusive Growth in Tanzania","authors":"J. Mtui","doi":"10.56279/ter.v13i1.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v13i1.149","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the interdependence between industry and agriculture sectors forsocio-economic development and poverty reduction in Tanzania during the 1970–2018period. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testapproach and Granger causality test to uncover the relationship. The study found astable short-run and long-run relationships between agriculture and industrialsectors. Gross fixed capital formation and trade openness have significant short-runand long-run relationship with the growth of the industrial sector. While inflationaffect positively industrial growth in the short-run, its impact in the long-run isnegative. Moreover, there is a bi-directional causality between agriculture andindustrial sectors. Given the importance of agriculture to industrialisation andinclusive growth, the study recommends policies, strategies and further efforts toincrease agriculture productivity, output and income. The industrialization policy, asbroad as it may be, must build the nexus between the agriculture, manufacturing andother non-farm rural sectors. Equally important is the need to put in place a conduciveenvironment for promoting investment in both industry and agriculture sectors.JEL Classification: Q18; L16; I31.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80117370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of Undernutrition in Under-five Children: Evidence from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey","authors":"Eltone Mabodo","doi":"10.56279/ter.v13i1.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v13i1.90","url":null,"abstract":"Health is essential to a successful and productive life at all stages. Early good childhealth is also believed to shape the future productivity levels of every individual. Usingheight-for-age z scores, this study used an ordered logistic regression model to estimatethe determinants of undernutrition in children under the age of five in Zimbabwe. Datafrom the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health survey of 2015 was used. The study findsthat factors such as safe drinking water, improved toilet facility, tertiary-level maternaleducation, longer birth interval, and clean cooking power: all contributing to a childhaving good nutrition stock. More so, the study finds factors such as being a male childand urban residence contributing to poor nutrition of children under the age of five.Hence, the study advocates that improving water and toilet facilities, improvingmaternal education, using birth control measures and using clean energy will go a longway in improving the nutrition of children under the age five in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80383307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of Livelihood Diversification Amongst Rural Households in Tanzania","authors":"Rugazia Nyombi, M. Chegere","doi":"10.56279/ter.v13i1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v13i1.77","url":null,"abstract":"The rural economic setup in developing countries is customarily dominated by primaryproduction activities, mostly in the agriculture sector. While rural areas have beenshown to experience high poverty rates, livelihood diversification is recommended as ameasure to help reduce poverty. This is can be done by bolstering household incomeportfolio through supplementing nonfarm income, than solely depending income fromagriculture activities. This paper observes determinants of rural livelihooddiversification using the extended panel data of the Tanzania National Panel Survey.Two measures represent livelihood diversity in the study: number of livelihood activitieshousehold engage in, and household share income spread. The Panel Poisson and Tobitmodels are used to estimate the determinants of livelihood diversity. General factorsinfluencing diversity include household wealth, experiences to shock (drought/floods,fall in prices of crops), and household demographic characters (number of working ageindividuals and age of household head). An analysis of the determinants by wealthstatus indicates less wealthy and wealthy households diversify the most with respect toassets they possess, while access to finances gives contrasting results depending onsources of finance. Policy implication relate to promoting policies that support sustainedasset accumulation, increasing access to rural financing, and establishing safety netprograms that minimize risks associated with shocks.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85465714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of Household Education Expenditure in Uganda: Do the Poor Spend More on Education than the Rich?","authors":"W. Nabiddo, B. Yawe, F. Wasswa","doi":"10.56279/ter.v13i1.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v13i1.104","url":null,"abstract":"This study estimates the Tobit and IV Tobit models using data from the UgandaNational Household Survey (UNHS) 2019/20 to analyse factors that influencehousehold education spending, and examine the impact of different income groups oneducation spending in Uganda. The findings show a positive relationship betweenhousehold income on the one hand; and the level of education of the head of household,household size, urban residence, female-headed household and education spending onthe other. Furthermore, higher-income households are found to have a high-incomeelasticity of demand than low-income households. An increase in total household incomefor high-income quintile households is found to increase educational expenditures by apercentage point than for low-income quintile households. Due to this disparity, thegovernment is advised to revise its cost-sharing approach to public education spending,which needs to be supplemented by household education spending.JEL Classification: D1, I21, I22, I24, C24, R20","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76610763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Board Characteristics on the Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies in Arusha and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"Lilian Mlay, S. Temu, L. Mataba","doi":"10.56279/ter.v13i1.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v13i1.162","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of board characteristics—such as size, gender diversity, skills, and meeting frequency—on the financial performance of SACCOSs in Tanzania. The study focused on three financial performance indicators: net loan income, operating efficiency ratio, and deposit-to-asset ratio. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were used to analyse panel data collected from financial reports of 198 SACCOSs for five years (2014–2018). The results show a positive and significant relationship between financially-skilled board member(s) and the depositto-asset ratio; conversely, they were negatively associated with the operating efficiency ratio. The results further show that board meetings are positively and significantly related to net loan income, whereas board size is positively associated with the operating efficiency ratio. Moreover, the paper found no evidence of a relationship between women’s board members and financial performance. Impliedly, having financially-skilled directors on a board and regular board meetings facilitated financial performance in a SACCOS. Thus, the paper calls for board members to have financial skills, and boards to conduct regular meetings for constructive advice and effective monitoring to boost financial performance. \u0000JEL Classification: G2, G20, G3, G30, G39, M49","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90970943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Manager’s Level of Education on Labour Productivity In the Manufacturing Sector in Uganda: 2006–2013","authors":"Iremaut Osikei, Michael Ndanshau, Stephen Kirama","doi":"10.56279/ter.v13i1.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v13i1.91","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of education of firm managers on labour productivityin Uganda’s manufacturing sector using enterprise survey data. Like in many SubSaharan economies, Uganda is grappling with labour productivity associated withdeficiencies and mismatch in skills, which limit the adaptation of new productiontechnologies. The human capital theory (HCT) and the endogenous growth theory(EGT) underpinned this investigation. On the basis of a Cobb-Douglas function weestimated a labour productivity equation. The paper found that attainment of higherlevels of education by firm managers improved labour productivity, and meanproductivity of individual workers at firm level. The strong linkage between managers’education and labour productivity implies that the government should focus onpolicies that improve higher education.JEL Classification: J24","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135904649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Referral Hospitals in Kenya: 2012-2016","authors":"Samuel O. Oyieke, I. Karamagi","doi":"10.56279/ter.v12i2.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v12i2.124","url":null,"abstract":"In Kenya, health provision faces challenges of high poverty levels, high HIV-AIDS, malaria prevalence and poor road infrastructure. Using data from 14 county referral hospitals for the period 2012-2016, this study decomposed the DEA output-oriented Multi-factor Productivity Index (MPI) to identify the causes of productivity growth in Kenya’s health sector. The findings show the mean MPI growth for the period was 2.69%, which is driven by a technical change of 3.19%, but dampened by a decline in technical efficiency change of 0.18%, scale efficiency change of 0.07% and pure technological change of 0.15%; with the technical change being scale-augmenting. The study finds RTS to be greater than STC, with both being less than one. Thus, hospitals could enhance productivity by adjusting their scales towards technological optimal scale size (TOPS), and addressing management challenges that debilitate the synergy between technology and human resource capacity.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87150692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consumer Perceptions, Preferences and Awareness Towards Potential Geographical Indication of Products in Tanzania","authors":"I. John","doi":"10.56279/ter.v12i2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v12i2.121","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses consumer awareness, preference and perception of high-quality products from information provided in the market, and on the labels for coffee and rice products in Mbeya and Kilimanjaro regions of Tanzania. This paper is a part of a study that was established to understand the potential of geographical indication protection in Tanzania, which looked at producers, sellers, and consumers. The study collected data from a sample of 130 consumers: 58 and 72 rice and coffee consumers, respectively. A mixed method approach was used to analyse data; specifically a logit model was used to understand the determinants of consumers awareness; and providing a clear description of the different factors that determine consumers’ preferences and perceptions. The results showed that 62% of the consumers had awareness of the different qualities they seek in a product. Price and label/brand information were found to be the main factors influencing and signalling the preferences and perceptions of consumers to high-quality products. \u0000JEL Classification Q18, D18, L15,","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86213246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Determining the Choice of Healthcare Providers in Uganda","authors":"Medard Turyamureba, Bruno Yawe, John Oryema","doi":"10.56279/ter.v12i2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v12i2.123","url":null,"abstract":"Since early 1990s, the government of Uganda has implemented a number of reforms in the health sector, such as decentralization of health service delivery and removal of user fees in public health facilities aimed at achieving equitable access to quality healthcare. Despite these reforms, low levels of healthcare utilisation has remained a serious challenge in Uganda; and out-of-pocket health expenditure remains very high: at 41% of total health expenditure. This study seeks to examine factors that influence patients’ choice of healthcare providers in Uganda. A multinomial logistic model was estimated using data from the 2019/20 Uganda National Household Survey. The results showed that cost of healthcare, household welfare, level of education insurance, and region were significant in determining the choice of a healthcare provider. Duration of illness, distance to a health facility and type of illness were also significant determinants. The findings highlight the need for the government to introduce a national health insurance scheme to reduce out-of-pocket payments for healthcare, which will enable vulnerable individuals visit health facilities. It should also increase investments in the health sector by constructing and equipping more health facilities.
 JEL Classification: C25, I11, I12, I18","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135793260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Inequality in Landownership Contribute To Inequality in Education Attainment? Empirical Evidence From Kenya","authors":"J. Gathiaka","doi":"10.56279/ter.v12i2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v12i2.119","url":null,"abstract":"An inverse relationship is found across countries between unequal landownership and education attainment. Since Kenya exhibits inequalities in landownership and education attainment across and within counties, households and gender, is there any relationship between the observed inequalities? Using data from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey and the Kenya Population and Housing Census, the study applies fractional IV and IV-Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression methods to examine whether the Gini of landownership influences the Gini of education attainment across counties, and the determinants of education attainment in Kenya. The evidence generated does not support the strong relationship between landownership inequality and inequality in education previously documented. Government financing of free education, coupled with bursaries, muffle the relationship. Inequality in education attainment across counties is likely due to county disparities in household size, income, urbanization rate, and participation in highlevel public employment. An increase in average per capita household expenditure, or urban population, also reduce the probability of inequality in primary as well as secondary education attainment in a county. Government financing of education and policies that promote urbanization, enhance quality of families, and increase highlevel participation in government reduce any effect that landownership inequality could have on education attainment. \u0000JEL Classification: I24; C21; C26; D13; Q15; R20.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87858859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}