Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety最新文献_第8页

Generalized slowing is not that general in older adults: evidence from a tracing task. 在老年人中，普遍的减速并不是那么普遍:这是一项追踪任务的证据。

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0176

S. Sülzenbrück, Mathias Hegele, H. Heuer, G. Rinkenauer

引用次数: 16

Gender- and time-varying postural and discomfort responses during prolonged driving 长时间驾驶时，性别和时间变化的姿势和不适反应

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0180

J. Callaghan, Stephanie K. Coke, T. Beach

{"title":"Gender- and time-varying postural and discomfort responses during prolonged driving","authors":"J. Callaghan, Stephanie K. Coke, T. Beach","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0180","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to conduct gender- and time-based comparisons of postural and discomfort responses during prolonged simulated driving. Prolonged driving has been linked with low back disorders (LBD), however underlying mechanisms of pain or injury are not well understood despite many efforts to delineate the biomechanics of automobile seating. Twelve males and 12 females were exposed to one hour of simulated automobile driving. Body postures, body-seat pressure distributions, and ratings of perceived discomfort were documented and gender- and time-based comparisons were performed. Females exhibited approximately 10 ◦ greater changes in lumbo-pelvic orientation when upright standing postures were compared to those in automobile seating. Attributed to gender-based differences in body size was the finding that males experienced significantly greater body-seat interface pressures. Many of the postural, pressure, and discomfort measures varied significantly over 30 to 45 minutes, and these variations were mostly consistent between genders. Many variables examined varied as a function of gender and duration of driving. Future biomechanical investigations of automobile seating design for more effective LBD prevention should consider these potential effects in order to gain further insight into potential low back pain- or injury-generating mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"41-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70150262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Upper limb and trunk kinematics in tree planters during three load carriage conditions 三种载重运输条件下植树机的上肢和躯干运动学

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0187

T. Slot, Emily Shackles, G. Dumas

{"title":"Upper limb and trunk kinematics in tree planters during three load carriage conditions","authors":"T. Slot, Emily Shackles, G. Dumas","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0187","url":null,"abstract":"Tree planters use various strategies to unload the seedling s from their bags. This study examines differences in upper limb and trunk joint angles during three load carriage conditions: (1) load evenly distributed to the right and left side s of the body - evenly loaded (2) load entirely on the right side - right loaded and (3) load entirely on the left side - left loaded. Data were collected in the field in Northern Ontario. Inertial mot ion sensors were placed on the right hand, right and left forearms and upper arms, sacrum, and T1 vertebrae. Using relative sensor orientation, joint angles were determined for the right wrist, right and left elbow and the trunk for the three load carriage conditions during normal planting tasks. The main findings w ere: 1) In the left loaded condition, the right wrist was less extended, the right elbow was more flexed, the trunk experienced less right-rotation, and the right and left forearms were less pr onated than in either the evenly loaded or right loaded conditions. 2) In both the left and right loaded conditions, the left forearm was less pronated, and the trunk was less flexed than in the evenly loaded condition. Results suggest that asymmetrical tree load carriage results in more neutral postures than symmetrical tree load carriage.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"102 1","pages":"169-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70150021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effects of vibration push force, exposure duration and working posture on operators performing a grinding task 振动推力、暴露时间和工作姿势对操作人员磨削作业的影响

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0178

M. Muzammil, Ranvir Singh, Saman Ahmad, F. Hasan

{"title":"Effects of vibration push force, exposure duration and working posture on operators performing a grinding task","authors":"M. Muzammil, Ranvir Singh, Saman Ahmad, F. Hasan","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0178","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown that vibration level, push force, exposure duration and working posture cause unfavorable effects on the work performance when hand held vibrating tools are used by operators. The present study analyzed the effects of these variables on the heart rate and systolic blood pressure of the operators carrying out a manual-grinding task. Four levels of vibration (12.5, 13.6, 14.8 and 18 m/s 2 ), three levels of push force (5, 10, 15 N), three levels of working posture (180 ◦ , 150 ◦ and 120 ◦ elbow flexion) and three exposure durations of 3, 5 and 7 min were selected for the study. Thirty male subjects with no prior experience in the field of grinding participated in the study. Results indicated that in the kind of task undertaken, the main effect of equivalent level of vibration, exposure duration, push force and working posture were all statistically significant. Also an increase in the change in blood pressure and heart rate values were observed with the increase in exposure duration and push force. When the task was performed with flexion angle of 120 ◦ , change in heart rate and blood pressure values was minimum when compared with the other two working postures. Relevance to industry: Workers using various hand held tools are prone to injuries. Present research may help greatly in reducing task related injuries and enhance performance.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"134 1","pages":"13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70150048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Modulation of lighting intensities and color temperature: effects on melatonin and cognitive performance. 照明强度和色温的调节:对褪黑素和认知表现的影响。

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0179

G. Hoffmann, A. Griesmacher, C. Bartenbach, W. Schobersberger

引用次数: 6

Clinical tools to quantify torso flexion endurance: normative data from student and firefighter populations. 量化躯干屈曲耐力的临床工具:来自学生和消防员人群的规范数据。

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0181

S. McGill, Melanie Belore, I. Crosby, Caryl Russell

{"title":"Clinical tools to quantify torso flexion endurance: normative data from student and firefighter populations.","authors":"S. McGill, Melanie Belore, I. Crosby, Caryl Russell","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0181","url":null,"abstract":"Given that torso muscle endurance is one of the few metrics that has been shown to be linked to having a history of back disorders together with predicting future back disorders, endurance tests for workers have been developed. While some data exists on the V-sit exercise for flexor endurance, some have specifically adopted the plank test. The primary objective of this study was to assess links between the two tests. Two data sets were collected. The first set was obtained from a convenience group of fire fighters where the plank endurance test scores, together with the Biering Sorensen test for extension endurance, were obtained over three years. The second data set was obtained from a tightly controlled cross-sectional study of university students that included scores for both flexor and extensor endurance. 620 fire fighters for the first data set and 181 university students for the second. While flexor endurance in the firefighters peaked when aged in their 40's, extensor endurance peaked in their 20's. In the study of university students, the plank scores were relatively higher than the V-sit scores in males but relatively lower than the V-sit in the females. A pearson correlation test between the paired plank and V-sit scores of each subject rendered a coefficient of r = 0.34. This means that the performance on one flexor test only predicted 11% of the score in the other. ANOVA comparison of scores based on their history of having had shoulder or back troubles showed no significant link between V-sit or plank scores. The plank scores are not well correlated with the V-sit scores suggesting that the two measure different variables. Since more data exists for the V-sit, measurement of flexor endurance in occupational settings using this test probably forms a stronger link to back injury.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70150322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Evaluation of an overhead support stand and arm position in overhead work. 架空作业中架空支架和臂位的评价。

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0177

Bharat Kumar Bhallam Venkata, F. Aghazadeh, S. Rajulu, R. Sweet

{"title":"Evaluation of an overhead support stand and arm position in overhead work.","authors":"Bharat Kumar Bhallam Venkata, F. Aghazadeh, S. Rajulu, R. Sweet","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0177","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effect of an overhead drilling support and position of the arm on muscular activity of the shoulder. Root mean square amplitude (RMS) of the EMG activity from dominant side anterior deltoid, bicep and trapezius muscles was used to determine the load on the muscular system. The participants used a subjective rating scale to evaluate the overhead support stand and holding position. The results demonstrate that the overhead support stand was effective in reducing the muscular load. The mean RMS value reduction with overhead support stand, when compared to the without support in bicep muscles during near, middle and far reach positions were 18%, 24 % and 47%, respectively. For anterior deltoid muscles the percentage decrease in mean RMS values for near, middle and far reach positions were 24%, 33% and 49%, respectively; and for trapezius muscles the percentage decrease in mean RMS values during near, middle and far reach positions were 32%, 33% and 42%, respectively. The middle reach position, in contrast to near and far reach positions resulted in the lowest RMS values. The mean RMS values without support stand for biceps muscles was the lowest in middle position (0.139 mv). Similarly, the mean RMS values of anterior deltoid (0.231 mv) and trapezius (0.066 mv) muscles without overhead support stand were least for the middle position. The mean RMS values for the bicep (0.105 mv), anterior deltoid (0.155 mv) and trapezius (0.041 mv) muscles with overhead support stand were the lowest during the middle position. The subjective rating results also supported the above conclusions.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0173

Melanie Hahn, M. Falkenstein, N. Wild-Wall

{"title":"Age-related performance differences in compensatory tracking under a dual task condition","authors":"Melanie Hahn, M. Falkenstein, N. Wild-Wall","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0173","url":null,"abstract":"Due to demographic changes and a higher age of retirement, an increasing number of older people will maintain mobility in car traffic. At the same time the extent of technical equipment, e.g. driver assistance systems in motor vehicles, increases as well. Such assistent systems should provide additional and supportive information during driving. However, they can also result in distraction and disturb driving performance especially in older drivers. In order to investigate this, young and older participants performed a simulated driving task under a dual task condition: a visuo-motor tracking task and a visual attention task. An age-related slowing of response speed was observed in the visual attention task. Independent of age, both groups showed comparable error proportions and were able to improve their performance with time on task. In the tracking task, older participants showed a generally impaired performance compared to the young group which could not be improved with time on task. Particularly after relevant targets in the visual attention task, the tracking performance of both groups was decreased; this was more pronounced for the older group. The results may have relevant implications for the presentation of information by driver assistance systems especially for older drivers.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Compensating the effects of age differences in computer literacy on the use of ticket vending machines through minimal video instruction 通过最少的视频教学来弥补计算机知识年龄差异对自动售票机使用的影响

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0174

Michael Sengpiel, H. Wandke

{"title":"Compensating the effects of age differences in computer literacy on the use of ticket vending machines through minimal video instruction","authors":"Michael Sengpiel, H. Wandke","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0174","url":null,"abstract":"The dominance of computers in today's work systems poses particular challenges for older workers. Specifically, their lack of computer experience and computer literacy impedes their ability to explore and use new interactive systems. To investigate the impact of computer literacy, 41 older (mean age 70 years) and 42 younger (mean age 25 years) participants were split evenly into two groups that differed in one aspect: to compensate the lack of computer literacy, the experimental group watched a brief instructional video immediately prior to solving eleven tasks using a simulated ticket vending machine, while the control group did not. Results indicate that both age groups benefited from watching the video, while older adults gained enough knowledge to be as effective as the younger non-video group. This result suggests that the careful design and integration of minimal instructions into interactive devices could contribute to maintain employment and even to find new employment opportunities for older workers.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Investigating the role of the shoulder musculature during maximum unilateral isometric exertions. 研究肩部肌肉在最大单侧等距运动中的作用。

Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/OER-2010-0185

Kevin M. Perdeaux, S. Fischer, C. Dickerson

{"title":"Investigating the role of the shoulder musculature during maximum unilateral isometric exertions.","authors":"Kevin M. Perdeaux, S. Fischer, C. Dickerson","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0185","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which specific muscles may limit maximum isomet ric force production is largely unknown. This study investigated shoulder muscle activity in six muscles and maximum force generation at the hand in three directions, while in eight different working positions. Ten right hand dominant, university-aged female participants completed twenty-four maximal isometric force hand exertions against a handle positioned by a robot arm within a 3-dimensional simulated workspace. A multivariate, full factorial ANOVA indicated a reach distance main effect where 11% greater force production occurred at the lesser reach distance. A target handle elevation and force direction interaction effect on maximum force production also existed. These findings add to normative static strength data for hand locations typical of an operating work envelope. Although hand force was significantly influenced by position in each direct ion (p < 0.05), muscle EMG was not influenced in any of the six muscles measured. No muscle achieved 100% MVE in any of the tested conditions, with the highest total muscle activity recorded at 86% MVE for the Pectoralis Major - sternal origin. Collectively, these data better demonstrate that the loca tion and direction of work presentation influences force outputs mor e than specific muscle demands (of those measured), and shoul d be considered in evaluating workstations.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70150428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4