Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety最新文献

{"title":"Age-induced change in visual acuity and its impact on performance in a target detection task with electronic information displays","authors":"S. Vetter, Nicole Jochems, Bernhard Kausch, S. Mütze-Niewöhner, C. Schlick","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"3 1","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint posture, volumetric and temperature changes during repetitive hand movements.","authors":"U. Chris Ugbolue, Alexander C. Nicol","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0186","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed finger and wrist joint motion, temperatur e and volumetric measurements and reports a qualitative assessment resulting from repetitive industrial hand movements. Participants mimicked a series of industrial repeti tive tasks incorporating the following hand movements: wrist flexion/ extension task, repetitive grasp/release task; and pinch t ask. Each task was performed for a period of 5 minutes. Hand temperature and volumetric measurements were reported. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were performed. Power analysis was performed to determine sample size (0.8) and significance was se t at p = 0.05. The results indicate that an increase in hand volume is accompanied by an increase in final temperature of the hand. Of the three tasks mimicking an industrial repetitive activity, the repetitive grasp/release task produced the m ost range of motion (RoM), followed by the wrist flexion/extension tas k and then the pinch task. From the subjects' perception the w rist flexion/extension task was considered to be the most stressf ul task.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"153-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional peak and cumulative L4/L5 spine loads and trunk postures during non-occupational tasks","authors":"N. R. Azar, Christina Godin, D. Andrews, J. Callaghan","doi":"10.3233/OER-2010-0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2010-0183","url":null,"abstract":"Cumulative low back loading has been shown to be a risk factor for low back pain reporting in the workplace. Evaluation of tasks outside of work might offer insight into why workers continue to have low back pain and may report pain differentially even when doing the same job. This study utilized a video-based 3D posture sampling approach to document joint postures of 18 people over a 2-hour period while performing non-repetitive tasks in and around their own homes. A 3D rigid link segment model was used to calculate reaction forces and moments at L4/L5 and joint models were used to calculate joint forces. Average peak (4.0 kN) and cumulative (9.9 MN·s) compression force estimates indicate significant loads o n the low back occur during non-occupational tasks, despite the fact that participants spent most of their time (86.2%) in neutra l trunk postures. Cumulative anterior reaction shear force (440 kN·s) was found to be comparable to those documented for a wide variety of occupational tasks, when extrapolated to an 8-hour shift. To our knowledge, this study is the first to include a full complement of 3D low back forces and moments, in conjunction with an assessment of trunk posture, for non-occupational activities. The evidence suggests that considering 3D peak and cumulative low back loading during non-occupational tasks is warranted and may help to explain some of the variability in the reporting of workplace-related low back disorders despite extensive ergonomic intervention.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2010-0183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70150334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra- and inter-individual variability of strain during uncompensable heat stress determined from a longitudinal study","authors":"B. Kampmann, G. Bresser, M. Schütte","doi":"10.3233/OER-2009-0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2009-0169","url":null,"abstract":"Four mine rescue brigadesmen performed three different standardized trainings in uncompensable heat stress with different equipment, clothing and climatic stress. The strain during these trainings may be considered as typical for training and missions of firemen, mine rescue brigadesmen and subjects working under protective clothing. - During ten years the diverse trainings were repeated. Heart rates and body temperatures were recorded throughout the exposures. A significant linear trend over time only was found for body mass (increase in three of the subjects). Specific physical fitness (fitness per body mass) as well as heart rate or body temperature showed no significant trend over time for initial or final values. The variability of the physiological strain is described in good approximation by normal distributions and shows quite a high magnitude. On base of the whole data set inter-individual components of variance are estimated by a 2-factorial ANOVA (person, time of measurement) with the factor time of measurement nested under the factor person. Confidence intervals for the estimated mean values and respectively, the calculation of the required number of measurements for a given confidence interval are determined by performing a two factorial ANOVA with both factors fully crossed.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2009-0169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of obesity on the postural balance of firefighters.","authors":"K. Davis, T. Sobeih, P. Succop, William A. Jetter, S. Kotowski, A. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3233/OER-2009-0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2009-0159","url":null,"abstract":"Slips and falls account for a significant number of injuries suffered by firefighters. Obesity may be a contributing factor to these slips and falls since many firefighters have become significantly heavier over the last decade. This study's objective was to determine whether obesity places firefighters at a higher risk of slips/falls by impacting postural balance. Thirteen firefighters - 6 obese and 7 overweight/normal, had their postural balance measured over a single shift (at 12-hour intervals). Each assessment contained three specific tasks: eyes open while standing, eyes closed standing on foam, and a dynamic reach task. The firefighters wore turnout gear with and without SCBA. Obese firefighters were found to have less postural sway, particularly when their postural control systems were compromised. When standing on foam, obese firefighters reduced their sway area by 26% as compared to overweight/normal firefighters. Similarly, obese firefighters had an 18% decrease in postural sway during the reach task. In all, the results indicate obese firefighters compensated posturally, reducing the potential for external demands resulting in a slip or fall. The key issue is that the obese firefighters sampled in the current study were able to compensate under ideal situations, particularly when required to wear gear and equipment.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2009-0159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of human anthropometry and personal protective equipment on space requirements.","authors":"J. Kozey, C. Brooks, S. Dewey, Robert Brown, K. A. Howard, Danika J. Drover, S. MacKinnon, J. McCabe","doi":"10.3233/OER-2009-0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2009-0160","url":null,"abstract":"Representative samples of offshore workers engaged in the use of totally enclosed lifeboats were recruited in two different regions of Atlantic Canada for this study. Body mass, height and three selected anthropometric dimensions were measured with and without the presence of an immersion suit. Statistical comparisons were made between the two groups and to the main criteria values for body weight and space allocation used international standards for lifeboat capacity rating. There was no difference in the height, body mass and BMI values between the two groups. Both groups were found to be considerably heavier than the IMO Life Saving Code standard of 75 kg. Not surprisingly, the shoulder breadths measurements were always greater than the hip breadth measurements. The seat pan allocation of 430 mm was found to be inadequate for this population and needs to be increased. Finally, the wearing of an immersion suit increases the physical size of each subject by substantial amounts. The magnitude of increase is related to the type of suit and whether there was external compression applied during the measurement. It was recommended that the international standard should be altered by reducing the lifeboat capacity ratings by 20%","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2009-0160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postural stability associated with restricted ceiling height mining tasks","authors":"A. Bhattacharya, P. Succop, L. Kincl, J. Gordon, T. Sobeih","doi":"10.3233/OER-2009-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2009-0161","url":null,"abstract":"The manual material handling tasks in underground low seam mines present a myriad of ergonomic risk factors, which place inordinate demands on the miners' neuromuscular system. The mining industry requires work in restricted postures in mines with low-ceiling heights (low-seam mines). Material handling while in a restricted posture will cause an increase in the potential of loss of stability/balance to increase. Currently, such information does not exist for material handling while in a stooped/kneeling posture. The overall purpose of the study was to quantify postural instability of low seam miners while carrying out mine related tasks. For this study, a total of 25 miner subjects were tested. Each subjects' postural stability was quantified while performing simulated mining tasks under a low seam ceiling. The quantification of postural stability constituted exposure to individual and combined risk factors of 3 types of surfaces (firm-dry DCOF: 0.90, uneven-dry DCOF: 0.59 and firm slippery surfaces DCOF: 0.22); 2 types of environmental lighting (poor and glare); 2 types of postures (kneeling postures using one knee and two knees); and 4 types of mining tasks (stationary, lifting buckets of bits, lifting cables and scaling). Based on the results, the tasks of lifting of bits, cable lifting, scaling and stationary were ranked least to most stable as they relate to miners' postural balance, respectively. This finding is consistent with ranking of tasks producing the most to least number of observed slip events (during task performance) to be lifting of bits (19.4% slips observed), cable lifting (18.9% slips), scaling (16.3% slips) and stationary tasks (4% slips), respectively. Based on all the experimental conditions that were varied, the one knee posture was more unstable compared to the two-knee posture. A one-knee posture was rated higher in terms of both RPE and PSOS as compared to a two-knee posture, which is consistent with the objective measures of postural stability/balance. While consistency between subjective and objective measure supports the fact that miners were correctly judging the threat of instability associated with the one-knee posture, they were not successful in deploying appropriate and corrective postural responses to minimize slips during task performance with one-knee posture as this posture (as opposed to two-knee posture) produced the largest numbers of slips. This may suggest that a re-evaluation of the methods used to complete tasks be accomplished in order to develop changes in work methods that will minimize slips and/or falls during task performance.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"91-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2009-0161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart rate and work pulses of two age groups associated with working in the cold at +3°C and -24°C.","authors":"Mario Penzkofer, K. Kluth, H. Strasser","doi":"10.3233/OER-2009-0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2009-0165","url":null,"abstract":"Due to increasing sales numbers, the production and distribution of frozen food, as well as working in the deep cold, are becoming more and more important. Nevertheless, there are only a few investigations into the effects of working i nth ecol do nhumans .Order-pickin gi n acol denvironmen ta tapproximatel y�24 ◦ Crepresent s ahig hworkloa dan deven when wearing suitable cold protective clothing leads to exceptionally high strain. At least hypothetically, also varying physical strain of younger and older employees could be expected. Therefore, evaluation methods were developed and applied for the quantification of the physiological responses of two age-groups to working in the cold. The results of heart rate measurements while working at +3 ◦ C and �24 ◦ C are presented.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2009-0165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sitting in ergonomic chairs on lower limb venous blood flow.","authors":"Erik Levin, D. Macintosh, Tanya Baker, M. Weatherall, R. Beasley","doi":"10.3233/OER-2009-0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2009-0163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2009-0163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoulder loading while performing automotive parts assembly tasks: A field study","authors":"A. J. McClellan, W. Albert, S. Fischer, F. A. Seaman, J. Callaghan","doi":"10.3233/OER-2009-0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2009-0162","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to complete in depth task analyses for a series of automobile parts assembly jobs and quantify the range of mechanical shoulder loading sustained by the workers. Nine jobs were selected from within an automobile parts assembly plant and 26 participants (12 males, 14 females) were filmed while they performed regular assembly line duties. Workers spent the majority of their time in neutral shoulder postures, and about 1/3 of the shift in mild shoulder flexion or abduction. Cumulative shoulder flexion moments ranged from 76-160 kNm*s while cumulative shoulder abduction moments ranged from 42-119 kNm*s. Peak shoulder flexion moments ranged from 26-124 Nm and peak shoulder abduction moments ranged from 30-93 Nm. The analysis revealed a wide range of shoulder loading between jobs, and workers completing the same job. This study demonstrates the importance of measuring a variety of postural and mechanical demands for every job to adequately address all aspects of the work that might influence the development of injury. This is the first study to document entire shift cumulative shoulder moments during automotive parts assembly work. This quantitative assessment provides insight into the range of loading that workers are currently experiencing, and demonstrates the variability between workers completing the same task.","PeriodicalId":91780,"journal":{"name":"Occupational ergonomics : the journal of the International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/OER-2009-0162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70149761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}