BMC Neurology最新文献

{"title":"The validity of computerized Montreal cognitive assessment among aging people living with HIV: A pilot study.","authors":"Akarin Hiransuthikul, Thanapoom Taweephol, Netchanok Timachai, Saowaluk Suksawek, Chuleeporn Wongvoranet, Tanakorn Apornpong, Kittithatch Booncharoen, Solaphat Hemrungrojn, Anchalee Avihingsanon","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04425-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04425-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the population of aging people living with HIV (PWH) increases, many have faced neurocognitive problems. Cognitive assessment plays a crucial role as the initial step in cognitive care of this specific population. We aimed to determine the validity between a traditional paper-based and tablet-based cognitive assessment tool among aging Thai PWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PWH aged ≥ 50 years underwent cognitive assessment using the Thai-validated Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the paper-based MoCA or the tablet-based MoCA (eMoCA) first. Two weeks later, participants returned to complete the alternate version of the MoCA. Pearson correlation was used to determine the strength of the relationship between the paper-based MoCA and the eMoCA scores. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were calculated, and a Bland-Altman plot was employed to determine the level of agreement between the two testing methods. Additionally, MoCA scores were compared between individuals with and without prior touchscreen tablet experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 46 participants included in the analysis, 12 (26.1%) had experience using a touchscreen tablet. The score discrepancy between the two MoCA versions ranged from - 8 to 6, with a mean (SD) difference of -1.33 (3.22). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the paper-based MoCA and the eMoCA was r = 0.54 (p = 0.001), with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.47. The Bland-Altman plot showed 95% limits of agreement between - 7.63 and 4.98. Among participants with prior touchscreen tablet experience, scores between the paper-based MoCA and the eMoCA were comparable. However, those without prior touchscreen experience had significantly lower scores on the eMoCA compared to the paper-based MoCA (mean difference - 1.56, 95% CI -2.72 to -0.40).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The eMoCA demonstrated moderate correlation with the paper-based MoCA, with prior touchscreen tablet experience significantly affecting the validity of the MoCA scores between the two versions. Clinicians should consider individuals' level of touchscreen experience before selecting the administration modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune nodopathy with anti-NF186 antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report.","authors":"Junmei Lai, Xiaofeng Zhang, Yiqi Wang, Yifan Cheng, Haochu Wang, Wei Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04417-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04417-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autoimmune nodopathy is a distinct entity characterized by antibodies targeting nodal/paranodal proteins like neurofascin-186 (NF186), leading to conduction defects and neurological dysfunction. This report highlights a unique case of autoimmune nodopathy with anti-NF186 antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 47-year-old female developed acute limb numbness and weakness ten days post-COVID-19 diagnosis, which progressed to respiratory muscle paralysis necessitating mechanical ventilation. Initial treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids were ineffective. Diagnosis of autoimmune nodopathy with anti-NF186 antibodies was confirmed through clinical examination, electromyography (EMG), and serum antibody testing using cell-based assays. The patient showed partial improvement with plasma exchange therapy and achieved stability after rituximab treatment, consistent with the typical treatment response pattern for anti-NF186 autoimmune nodopathy. Notably, re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 did not exacerbate her symptoms, and a gradual recovery of muscle strength was observed over time, with the patient regaining substantial independence in daily activities by November 2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case represents the first reported occurrence of anti-NF186 autoimmune nodopathy following SARS-CoV-2 infection, underscoring the potential link between viral triggers and autoimmune neurological disorders. It emphasizes the importance of testing for specific nodal/paranodal antibodies in post-COVID neurological presentations and highlights the superior efficacy of plasma exchange and B-cell depleting therapies over conventional treatments in managing nodopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of working memory training on patient and informant reported executive function in mild cognitive impairment: an interventional study.","authors":"Per R Nordnes, Trine Holt Edwin, Marianne M Flak, Gro Christine Christensen Løhaugen, Jon Skranes, Linda Chang, Haakon R Hol, Ingun Ulstein, Susanne S Hernes","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04381-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04381-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-reported outcome measures are rarely described in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this study, we investigated the effect of computerized working memory training on self- and relatives reported executive function measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 50 individuals with MCI were recruited from five memory clinics in Southern Norway and underwent a 5-week/20-25 sessions computerized working memory training program. Both individuals and relatives scored the \"Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Adults\" (BRIEF-A) before, and at least four months after finalizing training. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and mixed ANOVA with rater type (participant/informant) and time (baseline/4-months).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed ANOVA revealed significant (adjusted p ≤ 0.025) participant-informant x time interactions for Working Memory, Metacognition Index and Global Executive Composite, suggesting that the changes in ratings over time differed between participants and informants. Post hoc tests revealed that at baseline participants rated themselves as significantly more impaired (adjusted p ≤ 0.036) than informants on the Working Memory scale, the Metacognitive Index and the Global Executive Composite. After training, no significant differences were found between participant and informant reports. After training participants reported significant improvements on Working Memory (adjusted p = 0.038), Metacognition Index (adjusted p = 0.038), with working memory improving from above the established clinically significant impairment threshold to the normal range. The change in Global Executive Composite was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons (adjusted p = 0.057). No significant changes were found for relatives' reported scores between the two time points. Excluding participants developing dementia during the study enhanced the difference in mean values before and after the intervention for these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Computerized working memory training significantly improved self-reported executive function in individuals with MCI. While informant reports remained stable, the prior significant discrepancy between self- and informant ratings converged after training due to this improvement. These findings suggest that training can enhance subjective cognitive experience and awareness, offering potential clinical benefits for individuals with MCI. Our study highlights self-report measures as valuable and sensitive outcomes in MCI interventions, capturing the personal experiences of cognitive change.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01991405. Registered on 18.11.2013.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional and national burdens of epilepsy in the adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021 and its predictions.","authors":"Yuwei Han, Guangzhi Hao, Guangxin Chu, Dan Yang, Shimei Sun, Shun Gong, Xiaoming Li, Guobiao Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04331-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04331-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efgartigimod for treating Guillain-Barré syndrome with poor response to intravenous immunoglobulin: a case report.","authors":"Bai Qi Hu, Sen Xiang Wu, Qiao Wen Tong, Hua Ye, Ping Ping Jin","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04412-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04412-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a peripheral neuropathy mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies, which can cause acute flaccid paralysis. Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a variant of GBS, and in some cases, MFS may overlap with GBS (MFS-GBS overlap syndrome), potentially delaying the disease's progression. Apart from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PLEX), which are currently the clinical standard of care. However, at least 20-30% of patients develop acute respiratory failure during or shortly after IVIg or PLEX, and about 3-7% of patients die. Efgartigimod is an antagonist that targets the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and shows promise in the treatment of GBS.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case with MFS-GBS overlap syndrome who tested positive for serum ganglioside IgG antibodies. Despite completing a prescribed course of IVIg medication, the patient's symptoms continued to worsen, and she eventually developed respiratory failure. Subsequently, efgartigimod was used for treatment at a dose of 800 mg, administered four times in total. The patient's symptoms were relieved, leaving only external ophthalmoplegia. Additionally, using efgartigimod caused a gradual drop in the serum IgG level. This treatment regimen is the first reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For MFS-GBS overlap syndrome patients with poor IVIg response, we discovered that sequential treatment with efgartigimod (800 mg, four doses) was safe, effective, and could reduce the course of the disease. Efgartigimod is anticipated to represent a significant advancement in treating GBS through ongoing, thorough basic and clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel real-time assistive hip-wearable exoskeleton robot based on motion prediction for lower extremity rehabilitation in subacute stroke: a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Yongjie Li, Shuwen Luo, Runxin Luo, Hongju Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04437-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04437-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A novel real-time assistive hip-wearable exoskeleton robot is developed based on motion prediction for stroke patients, however its rehabilitation efficacy is not yet clear.This study aimed to explore the effect of this robot on lower extremity rehabilitation in subacute stroke patients, focusing on gait function, with lower limb motor impairment, and balance being considered secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The investigation enrolled 40 subacute stroke patients, randomly assigned to two groups: the robot-assisted gait training(RAGT) group and a control group.The control group underwent conventional rehabilitation and therapist-assisted gait training, while the RAGT group received conventional therapy supplemented with robot-assisted training. Each group participated in the intervention five days a week for four weeks.The primary outcomes comprised gait kinematics(hip-knee-ankle angles), kinetics[peak vertical ground reaction force(vGRF)], and spatiotemporal parameters. Asymmetry in gait kinematic and kinetic variables was calculated using the asymmetry index(ASI). Secondary outcomes included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Lower Extremity Scale(FMA-LE), the Berg Balance Scale(BBS), and the Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT). All measures were evaluated at baseline and at four weeks post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With respect to primary outcomes, the RAGT group exhibited marked improvements in gait speed, cadence, peak hip flexion/extension and knee flexion in both limbs, and in peak vGRF on the paretic side pre- and post-intervention. Post-intervention between-group comparisons revealed that the RAGT group achieved higher gait speed, cadence, step length, peak hip flexion/extension and peak knee flexion in both lower limbs, and peak vGRF on the paretic side than the control group(P<0.05). Additionally, the RAGT group exhibited significantly lower ASI values for peak hip flexion/extension, peak knee flexion, and peak vGRF post-intervention compared to controls(P<0.05). Regarding secondary outcomes, both groups showed significant improvements in FMA-LE and BBS scores from pre- to post-intervention(P<0.05).Furthermore, post-intervention analyses indicated that the RAGT group outperformed the control group on the FMA-LE, BBS, and TUGT measures (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel real-time assistive hip-wearable exoskeleton robot based on motion prediction is effective for improving gait function, lower limb motor impairment and balance ability in subacute stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>www.chictr.org.cn (registrationnumber: ChiCTR2300074562). Registration date: 09/08/2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convolutional neural network models of structural MRI for discriminating categories of cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xinxiu Dong, Yang Li, Jianbo Hao, Pengjun Zhou, Chongming Yang, Yating Ai, Meina He, Wei Zhang, Hui Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04404-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04404-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) pose significant challenges to public health and underscore the need for accurate and early diagnostic tools. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) combined with advanced analytical techniques like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) seemed to offer a promising avenue for the diagnosis of these conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CNN algorithms applied to sMRI data in differentiating between AD, MCI, and normal cognition (NC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the PRISMA-DTA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies published between 2018 and 2024. Studies were included if they employed CNNs for the diagnostic classification of sMRI data from participants with AD, MCI, or NC. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 and METRICS tools. Data extraction and statistical analysis were performed to calculate pooled diagnostic accuracy metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 studies were included in the study, comprising 16,139 participants in the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CNN algorithms for differentiating AD from NC were 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. For distinguishing MCI from NC, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.74 and 0.79, respectively. The algorithms also showed a moderate ability to differentiate AD from MCI, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 and 0.79, respectively. In the pMCI versus sMCI classification, a pooled sensitivity was 0.69 and a specificity was 0.81. Heterogeneity across studies was significant, as indicated by meta-regression results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CNN algorithms demonstrated promising diagnostic performance in differentiating AD, MCI, and NC using sMRI data. The highest accuracy was observed in distinguishing AD from NC and the lowest accuracy observed in distinguishing pMCI from sMCI. These findings suggest that CNN-based radiomics has the potential to serve as a valuable tool in the diagnostic armamentarium for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the heterogeneity among studies indicates a need for further methodological refinement and validation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42022295408).</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma presenting as encephalomyelitis diagnosed by renal biopsy: a case report.","authors":"Jun Ma, Dejin Song, Xiaolin Yu, Tan Wang, Yunfeng Shen, Lin Ma, Xingbang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04395-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04395-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The assessment of patients with multifocal lesions in the brain and spinal cord is complicated. A comprehensive neurologic workup requires extensive imaging evaluation, lumbar puncture, and sometimes a stereotactic biopsy to identify the final diagnosis. We report a case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) manifesting as encephalomyelitis, which was diagnosed via percutaneous renal biopsy. IVLBCL should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases with brain and spinal cord involvement.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 43-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with mild dysuresia and recurrent sudden-onset numbness of the right limbs over one month. Initial brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed hyperintensities in the right frontal lobe, left parietal lobe, and bilateral centrum semiovale on diffusion-weighted images (DWI). He was diagnosed as cerebral embolism, but thrombolysis treatment was ineffective. Follow-up brain MRI revealed extension of the lesions and an intramedullary non-enhancing lesion was observed at the T1-T2 level on spinal cord MRI. Lumbar puncture was performed, and a diagnosis of inflammatory encephalomyelitis was considered. However, his symptoms worsened despite four months of glucocorticoid treatment. Subsequently, the patient underwent an ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT scan. It showed diffuse increased FDG uptake in bilateral kidneys, but no specific increased FDG uptake was observed in the brain. To establish the final diagnosis, stereotactic brain biopsy was advised; however, the patient's poor general condition precluded this procedure. Instead, we conducted a percutaneous kidney biopsy due to the abnormality of kidneys on PET-CT. The final diagnosis was intravascular large B-cell lymphoma with predominant involvement of the kidneys, brain, and spinal cord. He was treated with five cycles of intravenous chemotherapy. His neurological symptoms recovered almost completely. Repeat MRIs of the brain and spinal cord demonstrated marked improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the importance of awareness of IVLBCL. It should be a differential diagnosis in cases with brain and spinal cord involvement. Early diagnosis is crucial for patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and reversible dyskinesias secondary to lithium toxicity: case report and literature review.","authors":"Marco Falletti, Federica Di Flumeri, Alessandro Zampogna, Martina Patera, Giovanni Fabbrini, Antonio Suppa","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04419-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04419-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lithium can cause several neurological side effects, including altered consciousness, delirium, cerebellar symptoms, parkinsonism, and seizures. Also, dyskinesias can be a possible manifestation of lithium intoxication. The clinical picture of dyskinesias secondary to lithium intoxication is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We here describe the case of a 75-year-old woman who developed acute and reversible dyskinesia manifesting as generalised chorea because of lithium intoxication. The patient had a medical history of bipolar disorder type 2 and at least 20 years of continuous lithium monotherapy (150 mg, 1 tablet 3 times/day). Dyskinesias were associated with a high serum lithium level of 2.15 mEq/L. Imaging and EEG showed no relevant abnormalities. On the sixth day after admission, dyskinesias faded away when the lithium serum level decreased to 0.4 mmol/L. When critically reviewing the existing literature, we found a total of 33 cases, with an average age of 59.7 years, predominantly female. In these cases, the average lithium peak at the onset of dyskinesia was 2.25 mEq/L, with symptoms typically appearing 4.2 days after reaching peak lithium levels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Lithium toxicity, even at therapeutic serum concentrations, may induce abrupt-onset dyskinesia in susceptible individuals, likely mediated by reversible functional disturbances within the basal ganglia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between mitochondrial DNA copy number and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Haoyang Zheng, Duo Zhang, Yong Gan, Yuyi Wu, Wei Xiang","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04400-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04400-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}