BMC Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Early atypical MRI findings in a pediatric patient with Neuro-Behçet's disease.","authors":"Sihan Wang, Qi Shan, Jiawen Tang, Fan Xia, Jinyang Zhao, Xiaohong Lyu","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04150-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04150-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-system recurrent inflammatory disease. Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD), as a severe and rare manifestation of BD, is frequently misdiagnosed in its early stages. Pediatric NBD poses diagnostic challenges due to its insidious onset, highlighting the critical role of neuroimaging. This report describes a pediatric patient with atypical early clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The patient initially presented without mucocutaneous lesions despite persistently elevated inflammatory markers. MRI revealed prolonged T1/T2 signals in the posterior horns of the lateral ventricles. During years of follow-up, the patient gradually developed characteristic BD manifestations while MRI showed progressive intracranial lesions, eventually presenting typical NBD imaging features concurrently with cerebral venous thrombosis. This atypical case highlights the necessity of early multimodal MRI and close clinical monitoring of focal lesions in the posterior horns of the lateral ventricles. When infectious causes are excluded, NBD should be considered. The rarity of this case improves clinicians' ability to diagnose early NBD through MRI interpretation. CLINICAL TRIAL: This case report did not involve a clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary diversity and cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review.","authors":"Sorayya Kheirouri, Hamed Alizadeh","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04096-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04096-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Promoting dietary diversity (DD), which refers to the variety or the number of different food groups that people eat over the time given, is important for brain health maintenance and may be beneficial for inhibiting neurodegenerative diseases. This research aimed to review the literature and summarize research evidence for achieving an inclusive estimate concerning the relationship between DD and cognitive function in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically queried the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, without imposing any date restrictions, up to June 2024 to identify original literature that sheds light on the intricate relationship between DD and cognitive function. Employing rigorous criteria, we meticulously screened studies, eliminating duplicates or those unrelated to our focus. Subsequently, we critically evaluated the findings from the selected studies, descriptively summarizing them. Additionally, we engaged in an in-depth exploration of potential mechanistic pathways linking DD to cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 388 citations obtained, 23 articles were included in the final review. All the studies reported a positive association between DD score and cognitive functioning and indicated that higher DD was accompanied by good memory (n = 3) and lower risk of cognitive decline (n = 19), dementia (n = 3), and Alzheimer's disease (n = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that sustaining a diverse diet among older people may help maintain cognitive functioning. Dietary diversity represents a promising clinical avenue for mitigating cognitive decline associated with diverse brain disorders, potentially preventing or attenuating deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigemino-autonomic activation in a human trigeminal pain model.","authors":"Stefan Evers, Achim Frese, Patrick Hornberg, Oliver Summ","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04147-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04147-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autonomic symptoms are mandatory for making the diagnosis of a trigemino-autonomic cephalalgia (TAC). These symptoms can occasionally also occur in migraine and facial pain disorders. This leads to the question whether the trigeminal pain itself can induce autonomic symptoms also in healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled healthy subjects without a history of migraine or a TAC and provoked severe trigeminal pain by injection of 0.05 ml capsaicin (0.01%) into the right forehead. Autonomic symptoms occurring at the right eye or right nostril were registered until they disappeared. We also calculated an autonomic score for the frequency and duration of autonomic symptoms in an individual.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 60 healthy volunteers (30 male, 30 female; mean age 28 +/- 5 years). All but two subjects developed at least one autonomic symptom after injection of capsaicin. One minute after injection, the pain was rated as 9.2 +/- 1.1 and 8.5 +/- 1.2 (scale from 0 to 10) in female and male subjects, respectively. The autonomic score was 4.4 +/- 1.6 and 1.7 +/- 0.9 for female and male subjects, respectively. All differences between female and male subjects were significant. Pain rating and autonomic score showed a significant positive correlation which remained significant even after adjusting for sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe trigeminal pain was accompanied by autonomic symptoms in almost all subjects in this experiment. The pain rating and the severity of autonomic symptoms were significantly higher in female subjects than in male. The higher the pain the more severe was this autonomic activation. We conclude that activation of autonomic symptoms is an unspecific consequence of severe trigeminal pain. This does, however, not exclude the possibility that primary headache disorders might have an independent anatomic pathway to induce autonomic symptoms because these symptoms can, although very rarely, also occur without pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and feasibility of carotid artery stenting using a 6F guiding catheter via right distal radial artery access.","authors":"Lifeng Wang, Xu Guo, Zhe Song, Xiaofen He, Xia Ma, Xiaoping Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04139-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04139-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of carotid artery stenting (CAS) using a 6 F guiding catheter via right distal radial artery access.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of 32 patients who underwent internal carotid artery C1 stenting via right distal transradial artery access (rdTRA) at the Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, between January 2022 and December 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. Parameters including puncture time, X-ray irradiation time, exposure dose, surgical success rate, surgery-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, puncture site complications, and postoperative radial artery patency were recorded and assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The procedural success rate of CAS through rdTRA was 100% (32/32). The time from operating room entry to successful puncture ranged from 3 to 36 min, with an average time of 18.56 ± 7.63 min. X-ray exposure time ranged from 12 to 27 min, with an average time of 19.18 ± 4.77 min. One patient experienced a procedure-related transient ischemic attack postoperatively, while another developed bruising along the radial artery course on the third postoperative day. During an out-of-hospital follow-up period averaging 1 to 29 months (median: 5.4 ± 3.6 months), no cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events were reported. The radial pulse was palpable in all patients postoperatively and during the follow-up, with radial artery patency confirmed through patency testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Carotid artery stenting through rdTRA using a 6 F guiding catheter is a safe and feasible approach, demonstrating high procedural success and minimal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A huge cerebral parenchymal meningioma in sylvian fissure: case report and literature review.","authors":"Tianyang He, Zhang Zhang, Xiang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04151-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04151-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & introduction: </strong>Meningiomas are tumors that originate from non-neuroepithelial progenitor cells, meningothelial cells and the arachnoid cap cells, thus they usually appear with attachment to the dura mater. But sylvian fissure meningiomas are a rare type of meningioma that has no dural attachment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A rare case of sylvian fissure meningioma is presented. The patient is a 34-year-old male with headache, and preoperative images showed a massive lesion in his right frontotemporal lobe that had no contact with the dura mater. Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a clear cell meningioma, which is a WHO grade 2 atypical meningioma and a rare subtype of meningioma that only accounts for less than 1% of all meningiomas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative diagnosis of sylvian meningiomas can be challenging, leading to inappropriate operation plan and postoperative treatment. Thus, we present this case and a brief review of past cases reported, hoping to improve our understanding of the origin of meningiomas and accuracy in diagnosis of similar lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-resistant epilepsy in Saudi Arabia: prevalence, predictive factors, and treatment outcomes.","authors":"Meshari Alghamdi, Nedaa Alomari, Aser F Alamri, Reema Ghamdi, Reema Nazer, Sarah Albloshi","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04149-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04149-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a significant global public health challenge affecting people with epilepsy (PWE). Despite the availability of multiple drug therapies, a significant number of PWE with DRE continue to experience frequent seizures. Current data on the prevalence of DRE and associated risk factors in the Saudi population is limited. This study aimed to estimate and characterize DRE among PWE and identify associated predictive factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on PWE who attended Neurology clinics at the National Guard Health Affairs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (NGHA-R) between June 2016 and February 2023. Data were collected from patient medical records. Descriptive analyses of continuous and categorical variables were performed. Comparisons between categorical data were conducted using Pearson's chi-squared test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with the development of DRE. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 350 patients were analyzed, with a confirmed DRE prevalence of 26.86% (94 out of 350). Age-specific analysis revealed that DRE was most prevalent in the 29-39 age group, accounting for 35.1% (33 out of 94) of cases. The primary predictor for DRE was focal seizure type (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.05-3.27, p = 0.03). Additionally, DRE patients were more likely to visit the emergency room. Among antiseizure medications, treatment regimens of valproic acid (p = 0.0008), carbamazepine (p = 0.0097), and lamotrigine (p = 0.037) showed significant associations with DRE status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of DRE in Saudi Arabia remains within the previously reported range of global prevalence. Frequent emergency department visits and the use of ASM polytherapy should be followed up closely to ensure early diagnosis of DRE and improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of chronic low back pain among Syrian patients: across- sectional study.","authors":"Fater A Khadour, Younes A Khadour, Weaam Alhatem, Deema Albarroush, Abdullah Z Halwani, Micheal M Goirge, Xiuli Dao","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04158-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04158-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic low back pain is a global health issue that leads to disability and significant economic costs. However, it has received limited attention in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic low back pain and identify its associated risk factors among the Syrian population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included adults aged 18 years and above who visited neurology outpatient clinics in seven centers across four provinces (Damascus, Aleppo, Homs, and Latakia) between November 2021 and January 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect data on socio-demographic factors, work-related characteristics, and information about chronic low back pain. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the demographic characteristics of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risk factors for chronic low back pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 830 adults participated in the study. The overall prevalence of chronic low back pain was estimated to be 16.7% (95% CI: 13.6-25.5), with females having a higher prevalence 17.8%, (95% CI: 14.8-27.5) compared to males 15.4%, (95% CI: 14.8-23.1). Multivariate regression analysis revealed several risk factors associated with chronic low back pain. These included being overweight (aOR: 5.2, 95% CI: 1.9-8.4, p = 0.041), having no formal education (aOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.6-8.4, p = 0.001), lack of regular physical exercise (aOR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.8-6.3, p = 0.003), smoking more than 11 cigarettes per day (aOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 2.4-12.6, p = 0.003), leading a sedentary lifestyle (aOR: 8.3, 95% CI: 3.5-18.9, p = 0.002), manual work (aOR: 7.9, 95% CI: 5.9-16.7, p = 0.003), and adopting a stooped sitting posture (aOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 0.9-8.2, p = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that the prevalence of chronic low back pain in Syria is higher compared to other regions, and it is associated with several risk factors. These risk factors include a lack of formal education, being overweight, insufficient regular physical exercise, smoking, leading a sedentary lifestyle, manual work, and adopting a stooped sitting posture. These findings underscore the importance of addressing these modifiable risk factors to prevent and manage chronic low back pain in the Syrian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasked acute intermittent porphyria in a patient with COVID-19-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.","authors":"Hideo Handa, Hiroki Masuda, Satoki Hanayama, Amika Kajiyama, Sawako Suzuki, Atsuhiko Sugiyama, Koutaro Yokote, Satoshi Kuwabara","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04159-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04159-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare but treatable disease. COVID-19 has various possible complications including posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). COVID-19 was reported to trigger an acute attack in patients with acute hepatic porphyria (AHP). The pathophysiology of AHP-associated PRES is not fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 31-year-old Vietnamese female initially presented with seizures, severe hyponatremia, and hypertension after COVID-19. Despite the initial treatment, she had recurrent seizures and developed PRES as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Further investigations revealed a genetic mutation of c.517 C > T in HMBS, leading to a diagnosis of AHP. Treatment with hemin significantly improved her symptoms and corrected her electrolyte imbalance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the potential for COVID-19 to trigger acute attacks in patients with underlying porphyria, potentially leading to complications such as PRES. Also, we observed elevated catecholamine levels during an acute porphyria attack and PRES, suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of AIP-associated PRES. Clinicians should consider the possibility of porphyria in patients with COVID-19-associated PRES, especially when they present with gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying mediators of healthy lifestyle adoption after stroke: a focus group study using a Theoretical Domains Framework guided analysis.","authors":"Patricia Hall, Paula da Cruz Peniche, Julianne Hickey, Olive Lennon","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04144-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04144-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lifestyle measures in addition to pharmacotherapy are recommended to optimise stroke secondary prevention. Adopting and sustaining good health behaviours after stroke necessitates ongoing motivation, influenced by complex social and cultural factors. This study analysed stroke survivors' experiences of addressing their lifestyle-related risks through a comprehensive theoretical lens addressing cognitive, affective, social, and environmental influences. Patient and public involvement (PPI) enhanced the research quality and transparency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight focus group discussions (N = 35 stroke participants; N = 3 family members/informal carers) were facilitated using semi-structured questions co-developed with a PPI panel. Purposive sampling ensured adequate representation (e.g. urban/rural location and stroke-related disabilities). Data were first coded and categorised inductively and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) deductively to identify relevant constructs and theories of behaviour-change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported risk reducing lifestyle changes as largely self-directed activities they figured out themselves. Their experiences mapped to 10 of the 14 theoretical domains of the TDF. The most reported behaviour-change mediators discussed were in the domains of Knowledge and Social Influences, seen as encouraging change and supporting emotional reactions. Goals were discussed in a limited way indicating underutilisation. Reminders, reinforcements, and rules to observe for maintaining healthy behaviours, mapping to the Reinforcement and Behavioural Regulation domains, were valued constructs. Psychosocial challenges, emotional responses and cognitive difficulties (Memory, Attention & Decision Processes and Emotions domains) were strongly evident, resonating with the experiences of our PPI contributor and interfacing with behaviour change processes and knowledge uptake. Health-beliefs, self-identity and perceived ability to change behaviour were considered to assert both positive and negative influences on behaviours, mapping to Social/Professional Role & Identity, Beliefs about Consequences and Beliefs about Capabilities domains. 'Know how' was highlighted as largely lacking for behaviour change, with the associated theoretical domains Intentions, Skills, Environmental context & resources to encourage skills development and Optimism about change notably absent from discussions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TDF proved a valuable tool to link stroke survivors' secondary prevention experiences and unmet needs with recognised constructs for behaviour-change. Results have important theory-driven implications to guide future interventions designed to support individuals in risk reducing behaviours following stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrathecal interleukin-6 levels are associated with progressive disease and clinical severity in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Justine Itorralba, Koroboshka Brand-Arzamendi, Georges Saab, Alexandra Muccilli, Raphael Schneider","doi":"10.1186/s12883-025-04145-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-025-04145-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MS is characterized by persistent central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Investigating the CNS-compartmentalized inflammation associated with progressive MS could uncover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be markedly elevated in neuroinflammatory conditions, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. This study investigated the association between CSF IL-6 levels, progressive disease, and disease severity in MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Advanced technologies, including single-molecule arrays and microfluidics, were used to analyse CSF samples from individuals with MS at the time of diagnosis for IL-6. IL-6 levels were then correlated with clinical course, disease severity, and other known biomarkers associated with inflammation and disease severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated IL-6 levels in the CSF were found in individuals with progressive MS, and CSF IL-6 showed positive correlations with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score, and CSF glial fibrillary acidic protein levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IL-6 in CSF indicates ongoing CNS inflammation and may contribute to the compartmentalized inflammation associated with disease progression and overall disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"25 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}