BMC Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Resistance training improves functional capacities in women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized control trial.","authors":"Nasrin Niazi Nezhad, Abdolhossein Parnow, Kianoosh Khamoushian, Rasoul Eslami, Julien S Baker","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03964-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03964-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of resistance exercise training (RT) on oxidative status, muscle strength, functional capacity, quality of life (QoL), and fatigue in women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized control trial (ethical code: SSRI.REC-1402-101; IRCT registration code: IRCT20120912010824N3, 07.09.2023), Iran) twenty-five women with relapsing- remitting MS (aged 18-45 years and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) ≤ 4) were randomly divided in two groups MS without resistance exercise (MS + non-RT; n = 13) and with RT (12 weeks/3 times per week/ 60-80% of 1RM) (MS + RT; n = 12). \"Informed\" consent was obtained from all participants. Then, fifteen healthy aged-matched women participated as a control group (HCON; n = 15). Blood serum levels of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and antioxidant capacity [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity] were obtained pre and post intervention. In addition, muscle strength by 5-RM test, functional capacity (for lower limb T25FWT, 2MWT, and 5STS tests and for Upper limb Manual dexterity of both hands with the (9-HPT) test and MSWS-12 questionnaire were also assessed over the same period. Also, Quality of life and fatigue were assessed pre- and post- intervention with by 31-MusiQoL questionnaire and FSMC questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RT led to improvements in muscle strength for leg extension, lying leg curl, bench press movements (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, compared with the MS + non-RT group, RT demonstrated increased functional capacity (Timed 25 ft Walk Test, Two-Minute Walk Test, 5-Time Sit-To-Stand Test, Twelve Item MS Walking Scale (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Dexterity of the left hand but not the right hand also improved (P < 0.01, P = 0.057, respectively). Improvements were also found for fatigue and QoL (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). However, the mean changes of MDA, SOD and GPx noted in RT group were not statistically significant (P˃0.05, P˃0.05, P˃0.05, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RT has positive effects on muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life while reducing fatigue in this population. However, markers of oxidative stress were not affected. When we consider the clear role in MS pathogenesis and progression, antioxidant increases in relation to a reduction in pro-oxidant capacity would have provided a positive and important clinical development for people with MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of an individual with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease characterized by prolonged isolated thalamic lesions and rare MM2-cortical-type pathology.","authors":"Misako Kunii, Hitaru Kishida, Mikiko Tada, Mitsuo Okamoto, Keiichiro Asano, Haruko Nakamura, Keita Takahashi, Shunta Hashiguchi, Shun Kubota, Masaki Okubo, Hideyuki Takeuchi, Naohisa Ueda, Katsuya Satoh, Tetsuyuki Kitamoto, Hiroshi Doi, Fumiaki Tanaka","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03958-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03958-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is essential for diagnosing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Thalamic lesions are rarely detected by DWI in sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases with methionine homozygosity at polymorphic codon 129 (129MM) of the prion protein (PrP) gene. Here, we describe an unusual sCJD case, characterized by prolonged isolated thalamic diffusion hyperintensities and atypical brain pathology, in combination with the 129MM genotype.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 72-year-old Japanese man developed a mild unsteady gait that had persisted for 1 year. DWI revealed isolated thalamic diffusion hyperintensities. Over the following 4 years, his condition progressed to include ataxia and cognitive decline. Repeated cerebrospinal fluid tests were negative for 14-3-3 protein, total tau protein, and real-time quaking-induced conversion assay. Electroencephalography did not show periodic sharp wave complexes or generalized periodic discharges. Despite these findings, thalamic DWI abnormalities persisted and evolved to include cortical lesions in the later stage of the disease. Genetic testing confirmed a 129MM genotype with no pathogenic PrP gene variants. Brain autopsy identified type 2 pathogenic PrP and the absence of the M2-thalamic prion strain, suggesting an MM2-cortical (MM2C)-subtype of sCJD. Histopathology revealed small vacuoles (sv) and patchy-perivacuolar PrP deposits without large vacuoles (lv). Patchy-perivacuolar deposits are a characteristic feature of the MM2C (lv) subtype and indicate MM2C (lv) pathology. Thus, this case was classified as a rare MM2C (sv + lv) subtype. No PrP protein staining was observed in the thalamus, despite spongiform changes with small vacuoles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of atypical CJD with isolated thalamic abnormalities on DWI. Despite negative cerebrospinal fluid findings and clinical diagnostic criteria, persistent DWI abnormalities and evolving clinical symptoms continued to raise suspicion of CJD. A definitive diagnosis, being the MM2C (sv + lv) subtype of sCJD, was confirmed upon pathological examination. Even when atypical findings, such as isolated thalamic abnormalities, are observed and various tests are negative, if suspicion of CJD cannot be ruled out, it is important to confirm the diagnosis and pathological subtypes via postmortem analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel TECPR2 variant in two cases of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 9: insights from genetic characterization and comprehensive literature review.","authors":"Aysan Moeinafshar, Sahand Tehrani Fateh, Farzad Hashemi-Gorji, Parvaneh Karimzadeh, Elham Gholibeglou, Masoumeh Rostami, Hossein Sadeghi, Mohammad Miryounesi, Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03963-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03963-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 9 (HSAN9) is a rare genetic disorder caused by genetic alterations in the TECPR2 locus and is characterized by developmental and intellectual disability, respiratory dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and sensory and autonomic dysfunction, which are shared among the HSAN family.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on samples from both probands, and the relevant genetic variants were confirmed in their families using Sanger sequencing. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on previously reported cases of HSAN9, and the clinical and genetic data were assessed to provide insight into the genetic and clinical characteristics of the disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified two new cases of HSAN9 with a shared novel variant of TECPR2 (NM_014844.5), c.1568del: p.Ser523PhefsTer12, classified as pathogenic according to ACMG guidelines. The probands showed characteristics of GERD, respiratory dysfunction, gait abnormalities, and developmental and speech delay, and both cases were deceased as a result of severe respiratory infection. The results of the literature review included 34 cases from 9 studies, revealing a wide range of genetic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study identified two new cases of HSAN9 with a novel variant in TECPR2, confirmed by WES. The clinical characteristics of the patients as well as the conduction of a comprehensive literature review are crucial in the early diagnosis and management of the disease and establishment of genotype-phenotype correlations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11577655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of social and environmental factors on triggering multiple sclerosis onset, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study from Iran.","authors":"Naghmeh Abbasi Kasbi, Fereshteh Ghadiri, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, Faezeh Khodaie, Kosar Kohandel, Nasim Rezaeimanesh, Maryam Karaminia, Mohammad Ali Sahraian","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03956-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03956-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The first presentation's possible triggers are still controversial among scientists. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the potential social, environmental, and physical factors that may have contributed to the onset of MS before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was designed in the MS research center of Sina Hospital and also distributed as an online Google Form on social media among Iranian MS patients. Demographic information, MS disease-related data, and possible patients reported MS triggers were recorded. They were containing stressful life events, COVID-19 and other infections, COVID-19 and other vaccines, pregnancy or labor, head trauma, surgery, and weight loss. Patients were divided into two groups regarding the time of MS diagnosis (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 920 participants, 670 (72.8%) were female, and the mean age ± SD was 35.63 ± 8.1. The majority of patients (69.2%) had non-progressive forms of MS, and only 7.6% needed assistance for ambulation. 69% of participants were diagnosed with MS before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a statistically significant difference between the most common first MS symptom before and after the beginning of the pandemic (visual type (n: 317 (49.9%)) before and sensory type (n: 170 (59.6%)) after the COVID-19 pandemic). A stressful life event was the most common patient-reported trigger of MS first presentation in both groups. (56.1% before and 54% after the COVID-19 pandemic). Comparing two groups, economic problems (AOR: 1.81; 95% ACI: 1.23-2.65) and job losses (AOR: 2.89; 95% ACI: 1.37-6.08) were significantly more common triggers for the initial presentation of MS after the pandemic, while the stress of occupational or educational exams (AOR: 0.52; 95% ACI: 0.34-0.79) was more prevalent before the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients believe that stressful life events are closely linked to triggering their first MS symptoms. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic problems and job losses have increased; however, occupational or educational exams stress decreased. Caring for social stress by societies may affect MS development or delay MS onset.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between optic nerve sheath diameter measured by bedside ultrasound and intracranial pressure in neurologically ill patients in a Chinese population.","authors":"Xiuli Zhang, Dandan Ma, Wenqiang Li, Jinluan Ma, Kexia Bi, Yuling Qiao, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03961-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03961-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We assessed the correlation between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) values measured by bedside ultrasound and intracranial pressure (ICP) changes among patients under neurocritical care and evaluated the diagnostic performance of ONSD for increased ICP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-seven neurologically critical patients who were hospitalised in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Jining No.1 People's Hospital between September 2023 and March 2024 and underwent lumbar puncture were included. The ONSD was measured and recorded using bedside ultrasound before the lumbar puncture. Patients were divided into normal and increased ICP groups on the basis of the initial lumbar puncture pressure on admission, and both groups were compared. Spearman's correlation analysis was used for evaluating the correlation between ONSD values and ICP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed for evaluating the diagnostic performance of ONSD for increased ICP.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>At admission, the Glasgow Coma Scale scores of patients in the increased ICP group were significantly lower than those of patients in the normal ICP group (P < 0.05). The ONSD level of patients in the increased ICP group was significantly higher than that of patients in the normal ICP group (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that ONSD positively correlated with ICP among patients with severe neurological diseases (r = 0.777, P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve when using ONSD for diagnosing lumbar puncture opening pressure ≥ 200 mmH₂O was 0.896 (95% confidence interval, 0.817-0.974). When using ONSD ≥ 4.74 mm as the threshold for diagnosing lumbar puncture opening pressure ≥ 200 mmH₂O, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.909 and 0.765, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with critical neurological illness, ONSD measured using bedside ultrasound positively correlated with ICP. Increased ICP can be diagnosed for ONSD ≥ 4.74 mm. The ONSD value measured by bedside ultrasound can be used for evaluating ICP among patients with critical neurological illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing cognitive impairment using MACFIMS in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Amirreza Nasirzadeh, Mohammad Mohammadi, Melika Arab Bafrani, Aynaz Mohammadi, Hossein Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03943-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03943-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system, leading to a range of symptoms that impact physical, psychiatric, and cognitive functions. Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent among patients with MS (pwMS), affecting at least 65% of patients, and includes deficits in processing speed, attention, learning, memory, and executive function. Despite the significant impact on daily life, cognitive impairment in MS patients is often underrecognized in clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate cognitive function using the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS) battery among pwMS patients and healthy controls (HCs). A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted on January 2024 following the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed research assessing the validity of the MACFIMS in adult MS patients. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardized tools, and statistical analyses were conducted using R4.2.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 1,481 pwMS and 1,072 HCs. The meta-analysis revealed significant cognitive deficits in pwMS patients compared to HCs across all the MACFIMS subtests, including language, spatial processing, new learning and memory, processing speed, and executive function. Processing speed and working memory were the most affected domains, with 36% of pwMS showing impairment on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Subgroup analyses indicated that the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score significantly influenced cognitive impairment, while disease duration had a limited impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MACFIMS effectively discriminates between pwMS patients and HCs, demonstrating its validity as a comprehensive cognitive assessment tool for MS. Routine cognitive screening, particularly for processing speed and working memory, is crucial for early detection and intervention. Future research should focus on the sensitivity and specificity of the MACFIMS across diverse MS subtypes and cultural contexts to enhance its global applicability in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus on the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Weichao Wang, Jie Zhang, Man Zhang, Chengyuan Zhang, Huanli Liu, Wanlin Li, Yimeng Fan","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03955-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03955-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of diabetes on the risk of Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore this issue from multiple perspectives by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Instrumental variables for predicting six diabetic traits (including insulin and blood glucose), eight metabolic risk factors for diabetes (including total cholesterol and blood pressure), and seven diabetic genes were extracted from their summary data. These data were derived from multiple European cohorts and included 31,684 to 810,865 subjects respectively. The two-sample MR, multivariate MR, and summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) methods were employed to determine the associations of these traits or genes with the risk of Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two-sample MR showed that elevated fasting insulin and total cholesterol levels were associated with an increased risk of dementia in Alzheimer's disease (P = 0.022, P = 0.041). Elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were associated with a decreased risk of dementia in Alzheimer's disease (P = 0.036, P = 0.025). The multivariate MR reported that adjusting for telomere length (a well-established biomarker of aging) did not change these findings (P < 0.05). Additionally, the two-sample MR showed that type 1 and type 2 diabetes did not affect the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The SMR also indicated that the diabetic genes did not affect the risk of this disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple MR approaches concluded that fasting insulin, total cholesterol, and blood pressure, rather than diabetes, were potential metabolic variables that had an impact on the risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, aging might not be involved in these correlations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive impact and brain structural changes in long COVID patients: a cross-sectional MRI study two years post infection in a cohort from Argentina.","authors":"Sol A Cataldo, Andrea Micciulli, Laura Margulis, Melina Cibeyra, Sabrina Defeo, Silvina G Horovitz, Analía Martino, Raul Melano, Milagros Mena, Francisco Parisi, Diego Santoro, Florencia Sarmiento, Martin A Belzunce","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03959-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03959-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Long COVID is a condition characterised by persistent symptoms after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, with neurological manifestations being particularly frequent. Existing research suggests that long COVID patients not only report cognitive symptoms but also exhibit measurable cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging studies have identified structural alterations in brain regions linked to cognitive functions. However, most of these studies have focused on patients within months of their initial infection. This study aims to explore the longer-term cognitive effects and brain structural changes in long COVID patients, approximately two years post-infection, in a cohort from San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 137 participants: 109 with long COVID symptoms and 28 healthy controls. The participants underwent an initial clinical assessment, completed a structured questionnaire and standardised scales, underwent a cognitive assessment, and had a brain MRI scan. Structural MRI images were processed via FreeSurfer and FSL to obtain volumetric measures for subcortical and cortical regions, along with regional cortical thickness. Differences between groups for these variables were analysed using ANCOVA, with permutation tests applied to correct for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Long COVID patients reported persistent cognitive symptoms such as memory problems and brain fog, with higher levels of fatigue and reduced quality of life compared to controls. Despite subjective cognitive complaints, cognitive tests did not reveal significant differences between groups, except for the TMT-A (p = 0.05). MRI analysis revealed decreased volume in the cerebellum (p = 0.03), lingual gyrus (p = 0.04), and inferior parietal regions (p = 0.03), and reduced cortical thickness in several areas, including the left and right postcentral gyri (p = 0.02, p = 0.03) and precuneus (p = 0.01, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the enduring impact of long COVID on quality of life and physical activity, with specific brain structural changes identified two years post-infection. Although cognitive tests did not show clear impairment, the observed brain atrophy and significant reduction in quality of life emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions and further longitudinal studies to understand the long-term effects of long COVID on cognition and brain health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious brain abscesses and granulomas: analysis of 110 episodes in adults.","authors":"Zahra Hesari, Mahboubeh Haddad, Fereshte Sheybani, Farzaneh Khoroushi, Ehsan Keykhosravi, Negar Morovatdar","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03953-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03953-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious brain abscesses and granulomas, characterized by localized collections of pus or inflammatory tissue within the brain parenchyma, pose significant clinical challenges due to their potentially life-threatening nature and complex management requirements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study investigated patients diagnosed with infectious brain abscesses and granulomas from March 1, 2012, to October 22, 2021, in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected from adult patients admitted to the two primary referral centers for community-acquired neuroinfections and neuroinflammations. Demographic information, clinical features, laboratory and neuroimaging characteristics, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 110 episodes were identified in 106 patients, with a median age of 45 years (IQR 30-56.3) and 62.7% male. Predisposing conditions included immunocompromised states (27.5%), preceding otitis/mastoiditis (16.2%), sinusitis (13.3%), and pulmonary infections (17.2%). The most common clinical manifestations were headache (57.3%), fever (49.1%), altered consciousness (44.4%), and seizures (31.8%). Neuroimaging revealed that brain lesions were solitary in 51% and multiple in 48% of episodes. Surgical intervention was performed in 46.4% of cases. The in-hospital mortality rate was 24.5%, with significant associations found between mortality and factors such as age, altered consciousness, multiple brain lesions, and cerebellum and brainstem involvement. The median length of hospital stay was 28 days (IQR 16-46.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study underscores challenges in diagnosing and treating brain abscesses and granulomas, with high mortality rates (24.5%) despite advanced techniques. Age, altered consciousness, and lesion characteristics predict death. Addressing changing microbial patterns and improving diagnostics are vital for better outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with or without end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a propensity-score matched study.","authors":"Kotaro Tsutsumi, Matthew Nguyen, Victoria Nguyen, Zhu Zhu, Mohammad Shafie, Jay Shah, Masaki Nagamine, Dana Stradling, Diana Dench, Wengui Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03932-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03932-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>End stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (HD) increases mortality among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of ICH patients with ESRD on HD versus propensity-score matched controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single center retrospective study. Consecutive ICH admissions at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center from January 1, 2018 to July 31, 2022 were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 347 ICH admissions that met inclusion criteria, 24 patients (6.92%) had ESRD on HD. Compared to patients without ESRD, patients with ESRD on HD had significantly higher rate of diabetes mellitus (79.2% vs. 36.8%, p < 0.01) and in-hospital mortality (25% vs. 7.43%, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in demographics, other comorbidities, clinical characteristics, good (mRS score 0-3) or poor (mRS score 4-5) functional outcomes, rate of comfort care and the time to comfort care decision between the 2 groups. After propensity score matching, the ESRD group had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (27.3% vs. 8%, p = 0.012) and a lower rate of obesity (9.1% vs. 34.1%, p = 0.02). Among patients who died during admission, ESRD on HD status did not inadvertently influence end-of-life care decisions. Univariate logistic regression and area under curve analysis showed that ICH score ≥ 3 was a predictor of increased mortality in both ESRD and non-ESRD groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ICH patients with ESRD on HD had significantly higher in-hospital mortality and lower rate of obesity than propensity score matched controls, suggesting a survival benefit from obesity. ICH score ≥ 3 is an independent predictor for poor outcomes in both ESRD and non-ESRD groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}