Biotechnology and Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Engineering an ( R )‐Selective Transaminase for High‐Substrate‐Loading Asymmetric Amination of a Sterically Demanding N ‐Heterocyclic Ketone","authors":"Zhe Dou, Hui‐Xuan Yan, Cheng‐Long Xu, Jia‐Neng Xu, Min‐Min Zhao, Ya‐Jun Wang","doi":"10.1002/bit.70376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.70376","url":null,"abstract":"The biocatalytic asymmetric amination of bulky <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> ‐heterocyclic ketones is often limited by low enzyme activity and poor performance at high substrate loading. Herein, we developed an efficient ( <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> )‐selective transaminase for the synthesis of ( <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> )‐1‐Boc‐3‐aminopiperidine through an integrated strategy combining phylogeny‐guided enzyme mining, structure‐guided engineering, and mechanistic analysis. Screening of transaminases identified <jats:italic>Mb</jats:italic> ATA as the “best” parent enzyme, affording the target amine from <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> ‐Boc‐3‐piperidone (1B3OP) in specific activities of 0.269 U·g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and &gt; 99% <jats:italic>ee</jats:italic> . Subsequent engineering yielded variant M3 (H61L/Q57R/P158Q), which exhibited a 45‐fold increase in activity over the wild type (WT) while retaining strict enantioselectivity (&gt; 99% <jats:italic>ee</jats:italic> ). M3 achieved completely aminated 500 mM substrate loading within 4 h, 1000 mM in an extended duration of 24 h. Preparative biotransformation afforded 8.5 g and 15.6 g of product in 85% and 78% isolated yields, respectively. Structural and mechanistic analyses showed that the beneficial mutations enlarged and remodeled the substrate‐binding pocket, strengthened favorable substrate interactions, shortened the reactive cofactor–substrate distance, and promoted productive binding conformations. These results establish M3 as a practical biocatalyst for high‐substrate‐loading synthesis of chiral piperidine amines.","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Bioprocess Upscaling Prediction Through Hybrid Modelling and Transfer Learning Under Small‐Data Scenarios","authors":"Harvey Al‐Ramadhan, Fernando Vega‐Ramon, Keju Jing, Dongda Zhang","doi":"10.1002/bit.70385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.70385","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of bioprocess scale‐up is critical for accelerating the deployment of novel and sustainable biomanufacturing systems. However, this remains challenging as multi‐scale data is expensive to generate and mechanistic understanding is often incomplete, leading upscaling decisions to rely heavily on empirical expertise. This work proposes a data‐efficient strategy that integrates hybrid modelling with transfer learning to construct a high‐fidelity model from limited lab scale data and then adapt it using only pilot scale information for industrial scale prediction. A key innovation is the explicit assessment of this framework under small‐data scenarios, reflecting the practical constraints of industrial development. Using a real‐world yeast fermentation case, the proposed framework achieved accurate industrial scale dynamic predictions with a mean absolute percentage error of 23.2%, demonstrating its high data efficiency. Furthermore, this study reveals that the greyness of hybrid models exerts a decisive influence on its predictive accuracy and the feasibility of transfer learning under data scarcity, and that its optimal level differs from scenarios with abundant data. These findings therefore provide the first guidance on how to exploit hybrid modelling and transfer learning to build scalable digital twins when data are limited, enabling more confident and reliable bioprocess development and upscaling.","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences of 3D and Mixed 2D and 3D Culture in the Generation of Human iPSC-Derived Hepatocytes.","authors":"Cibele Ferreira Pimentel, Rafael Campos da Silva Menezes, Victor Hoff, Lucas Pires Guarnier, Giulia Roldão Barbosa Freire, Turan Peter Urmenyi, Lanuza Allaby Pinheiro Faccioli, Karina Dutra Asensi, Regina Coeli Dos Santos Goldenberg, Marlon Lemos Dias","doi":"10.1002/bit.70384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.70384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocytes are cells of the hepatic parenchyma that perform a series of essential functions, representing about 80% of its mass. Due to their importance, the use of hepatocytes has gained prominence in scientific research, mainly in the prediction of hepatotoxic drugs. As primary hepatocyte culture presents limitations, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have been used as a promising alternative. However, the differences between 2D and 3D culture during the differentiation of iPSCs into hepatocytes is limitedly explored. In this context, this study compared the differentiation of hepatocytes-like (iHep) from hiPSC in two-dimensional (iHep-2D), three-dimensional (iHep-3D) and mixed (iHep 2D-3D) cultures to evaluate their impact on the acquisition of hepatocyte-like characteristics. After 2D differentiation, transcriptomic analysis revealed that iHep-2D has a gene profile very similar to that of primary human hepatocytes, demonstrating that this could be a valuable protocol to use as a starting point for iHep 2D-3D differentiation. The cells were also evaluated for the presence of hepatocyte-associated markers by immunofluorescence and our results showed that, although all three cultures generated iHep cells that were able to express specific hepatocyte markers, the iHep 2D-3D differentiation generated cells displaying a more pronounced hepatocyte-like phenotype, based on Albumin and CYP3A4 expression. Therefore, in this study we suggest that combining 2D and 3D differentiation may promote a more pronounced hepatocyte-like phenotype in iHeps derived from human iPSCs, which could serve as a valuable model to investigate liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-Based Biofuels: Technological Innovations, Sustainability Metrics, and Policy Pathways for a Low-Carbon Future","authors":"Mark Sudarsanam,&nbsp;Veeraraghavan Sakthimurugan,&nbsp;Yuvarajan Devarajan,&nbsp;Santosh Singh,&nbsp;Aditya Kishore Dash,&nbsp;Vishakha Khambhati,&nbsp;T. Aravinda,&nbsp;M. Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.1002/bit.70273","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70273","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biomass-derived biofuels are central to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, yet large-scale deployment faces technical, economic, and environmental barriers. This review synthesizes advances in feedstock utilization, pretreatment methods, conversion pathways, hybrid systems, and policy frameworks shaping the biofuel landscape. First-generation crops such as corn and sugarcane yield 4000–7000 L/ha ethanol with limited pretreatment but compete with food supplies and consume 500–1000 L water per liter of ethanol. Second-generation residues (e.g., corn stover, switchgrass) achieve 280–300 L/ton ethanol and cut GHG emissions by 70%–90% (50–70 g CO₂/MJ vs. 120–150 g CO₂/MJ for fossil fuels). Third-generation microalgae produce 200–300 L/ton biocrude, though energy-intensive dewatering (10–15 MJ/kg) restricts feasibility. Pretreatment options—including physical (60%–70% sugar yield), chemical (90–95%), biological (50%–60%), and integrated systems (85%–95%)—enhance accessibility but remain costly ($0.05–10/kg). Conversion routes such as pyrolysis (70%–75% bio-oil), hydrothermal liquefaction (80%–85% efficiency), fermentation (280–300 L/ton ethanol), and anaerobic digestion (300–400 m³/ton biogas) offer versatile outputs, though bottlenecks like pentose fermentation losses persist. Integrated biorefineries and emerging platforms, including catalytic upgrading (80%–90% hydrocarbons) and bioelectrochemical systems (0.1–0.3 m³/m³/day H₂), improve yields by 30%–50% but demand high capital costs ($100–200 million/plant). Policy interventions—such as renewable fuel standards (e.g., US RFS2) and carbon pricing ($50–100/ton CO₂)—reduce costs by 10%–20% and boost production by 15%–25%, albeit with compliance challenges. Future priorities include cost-effective pretreatment, scalable biorefineries, durable catalysts, and AI-driven life cycle assessments to enable GHG reductions of 90–100 g CO₂/MJ, positioning biofuels as a cornerstone of sustainable, low-carbon energy systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 10","pages":"2453-2473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Plasmid Is All You Need: Genome Editing in Escherichia coli Using Endogenous TnpB and Endogenous Recombination System","authors":"Qian Guo,&nbsp;Qi Shen,&nbsp;Lixiang Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaoting Zhou,&nbsp;Sunjian Yan,&nbsp;Yaping Xue,&nbsp;Yuguo Zheng","doi":"10.1002/bit.70281","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70281","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a key workhorse of biotechnology. Commonly used CRISPR-Cas9 systems for <i>E. coli</i> genome editing are complex and impose metabolic stress on the host, creating demand for more streamlined strategies. Recent studies identified the IS605 transposon-associated TnpB as a programmable RNA-guided (ωRNA) DNA endonuclease, prompting us to explore whether endogenous TnpB in <i>E. coli</i> (EcoTnpB) could be harnessed for genome editing. Biochemical and cellular analyses demonstrated that EcoTnpB efficiently cleaves both chromosomal and plasmid DNA at custom-specified sites in a TAM-dependent manner. Interestingly, <i>E. coli</i> possesses an endogenous recombination machinery capable of repairing EcoTnpB-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), challenging the long-held view that bacteria lack efficient homologous recombination systems. Based on these findings, we established a single-plasmid editing system (SPEED) in which genome editing is achieved by simply providing ωRNA and a homologous recombination template. By utilizing endogenous EcoTnpB together with the host HR pathway, this system enabled inducible and seamless genome editing at multiple genomic loci in BL21 (DE3), with editing efficiencies ranging from approximately 29% to 56%. Our results demonstrate for the first time that endogenous TnpB can be harnessed for genome editing and may hold potential for broader applications, such as species-specific antimicrobial development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 10","pages":"2690-2701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photohydrogenotrophic Cultivation of Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria in an Open Bioreactor: Enhanced Selectivity Through Light Cycling and Ammonium Limitation","authors":"Naïm Blansaer,&nbsp;Janne Spanoghe,&nbsp;Luis Diaz Allegue,&nbsp;Abbas Alloul,&nbsp;Siegfried E. Vlaeminck","doi":"10.1002/bit.70282","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70282","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work pioneers in photohydrogenotrophic cultivation of <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i> in an open, non-axenic bubble column reactor to maximize biomass productivity and selectivity for purple non-sulphur bacteria. Using full-spectrum light and non-limiting ammonium levels, biomass productivity reached up to 0.98 gTSS L⁻¹ d⁻¹. To enhance microbial selectivity, two operational strategies were tested: (i) alternating of full light spectrum exposure and infrared light which increased pigment production (15 ± 1 mg bacteriochlorophyll gVSS⁻¹ and 4.7 ± 0.5 mg carotenoids gVSS⁻¹) and protein content (0.78 ± 0.22 g protein gVSS⁻¹) while minimizing microalgae content and (ii) ammonium limitation that stimulated the biological nitrogen fixation capability of purple non-sulphur bacteria, resulting in the highest purple non-sulfur bacteria abundance, representing up to 96% of the prokaryotic community, without compromising on productivity. These results demonstrate the feasibility of open culture photohydrogenotrophic cultivation, offering a stepstone to scalable and ecologically aligned alternative for microbial protein production for food and biobased applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 10","pages":"2702-2712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing Off-Target Effects of CRISPR-Cas9 With Optimized sgRNA: Evaluation of Efficiency and Specificity in the Tumor Protein 53 (TP53) Region","authors":"Ali Mertcan Köse,&nbsp;Monia Ranalli,&nbsp;Drenka Trivanovic,&nbsp;Irina Maslovaric","doi":"10.1002/bit.70279","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>CRISPR-Cas9 is a widely used genetic tool with therapeutic potential in molecular biology. CRISPR-Cas9 enables precise genome editing by its ability to target specific DNA sequence. After off-target and on-target regions are identified, CRISPR-Cas9 is applied to these regions based on the match between the guide RNA (gRNA) and target DNA sequence. This study points to the off-target impact of mismatches between the gRNA and target DNA on exon regions of the TP53 gene, which are involved in regulating multiple genes and cellular functions. Off-target positions are typically evaluated using scoring methods. In this study, we have used latent class analysis to reveal subclasses of off-target positions. Thus, we have created the levels of off-target positions and evaluated the effects of mismatching positions within these classes using machine learning classifiers. The results revealed that mismatching positions could be categorized into three levels: low, middle, and high off-target positions. We have improved a computational framework to minimize off-target effects and to identify the PAM sequences in the gRNA design. Thus, carefully designed gRNAs will ensure that desired genetic edits are performed and target variants are achieved. This work will avail the future research aimed at optimizing genome editing by customizing CRISPR-Cas9 to target specific protospacer DNA through gRNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 10","pages":"2677-2689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bit.70279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rickettsial Diseases and Vaccines: Is There an Opportunity for Plant-Made Vaccine Technology?","authors":"Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante,&nbsp;Hassian León-Montoya,&nbsp;Abel Ramos-Vega,&nbsp;Edgar Trujillo,&nbsp;Miriam Angulo,&nbsp;Kevyn Guerra,&nbsp;Martha Reyes-Becerril,&nbsp;Carlos Angulo","doi":"10.1002/bit.70296","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70296","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rickettsiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by obligate intracellular bacteria of the family Rickettsiae, transmitted by arthropods. No commercial vaccine exists, despite the efficacy of experimental prototypes based on whole cells, DNAs, nanosystems, and recombinant antigens. Plants have been used as a platform for producing and delivering recombinant antigens, allowing the commercial vaccines for COVID-19 and Influenza. This technology can be used for recombinant Rickettsia vaccines for the target host, potentially for vector arthropods. These aspects are reviewed in this work, considering a brief immunobiology of Rickettsiae, experimental vaccines against Rickettsiosis, step-by-step genetic engineering in plants for recombinant antigen production and immunological assessment, representative successful examples of plant-made vaccines, and the analysis of the potential of plant-made vaccines to control arthropod-transmitted Rickettsiae. Perspectives in this field are offered, highlighting hurdles and opportunities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 10","pages":"2587-2604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) Towards Enhanced Selectivity and Reduced Cytotoxicity by Molecular Engineering","authors":"Silvi Gautam,&nbsp;Shagun Gautam,&nbsp;Jahanvi Saini,&nbsp;Indu Singh,&nbsp;Divakar Sharma,&nbsp;Divya Venugopal","doi":"10.1002/bit.70286","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has led to the urgent need for designing and developing new therapeutic alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising class of antimicrobial agents, with broad-spectrum activity and rapid action, and a low potential to promote antibiotic resistance. This review article synthesizes progress in engineering AMPs to optimize effectiveness in terms of enhancing selectivity for treating infections while minimizing cytotoxicity to host cells. Mechanisms by which AMPs exert their effects, such as disrupting membranes, targeting intracellular portions of the cell, inhibiting biofilm formation, and modulating immune response, will be explored in relation to interactions between AMPs and lipid bilayers. The effects of physicochemical properties (e.g., charge and hydrophobicity), peptide length (number of amino acids), and peptide secondary structure on antimicrobial activity and host compatibility are outlined. An overview will be provided of some of the new design approaches for engineering peptides, including peptide modifications, peptide mimetic structures, hybrid peptides, dendritic AMPs, and the use of computational methods and bioengineering techniques. This review highlights current challenges for AMPs, including stability, toxicity, delivery, and drug development for clinical use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 10","pages":"2569-2586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Future Directives of Synthetic Biology in Engineering Plant–Microbe Partnerships for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Ben Jesuorsemwen Enagbonma,&nbsp;Rebaona Reaobaka Molefe-Madlaliso,&nbsp;Alaba Adewole Adebayo,&nbsp;Oghoye Priscilla Oyedoh,&nbsp;Godfrey Okainemen Oribhabor,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Emmanuel Shittu,&nbsp;Olubukola Oluranti Babalola","doi":"10.1002/bit.70291","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70291","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Synthetic biology has recently proven to be a valuable tool for enhancing agriculture even in the face of environmental and biological stresses. Understanding the challenges that militate synthetic biology will assist in ensuring safe, stable, and scalable crop production. Thus, we examined the challenges limiting synthetic biology applications in engineering plant–microbe partnerships and highlighted future research directions. Ecological, biological, technical, and regulatory barriers to synthetic biology-driven plant–microbe engineering are the challenges examined in this review. Profound insight into these challenges will lead to a shift toward systems-level approaches that integrate multiomics analyses, predictive modeling, and framework-responsive genetic designs. To completely translate synthetic biology from the laboratory to the field, improved delivery methods, monitoring strategies, and harmonized regulatory frameworks should be encouraged. In addition, the development of robust and controllable microbial chassis should be emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 10","pages":"2491-2519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bit.70291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}