BMJ Open最新文献

{"title":"Impact of musculoskeletal joint complaints on quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Maha Jamal, Maren Karreman, Frederieke de Bruijne, T Martijn Kuijper, J M Hazes, Deirisa Lopes Barreto, Angelique E Weel","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088350","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal joint complaints (MSCs) are the most common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the effect of MSC on the health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with IBD.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A survey-based cross-sectional study among adult Dutch IBD patients.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Primary care, secondary care and patient association.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>In total, 635 IBD patients were included. The mean age was 46.3 (SD 14.2) years, and 35% were male.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>MSC was defined as suffering from any joint complaints. QoL was measured using the IBD questionnaire and a 36-item short form health survey questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A univariate analysis was performed to estimate the impact of various factors, such as demographic characteristics, setting, type of IBD and fatigue, which was followed by a multiple regression analysis to adjust for the confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 635 IBD patients, 332 suffered from Crohn's disease (CD) and 303 from ulcerative colitis (UC). After adjusting for confounding factors, MSC was independently associated with reduced QoL among IBD patients (β=-10.6, 95% CI -15.2 to -6.1), both in CD (β=-8.3, 95% CI -14.6 to -2.1) and UC (β=-13.9, 95% CI -20.5 to -7.3). 11% of the IBD patients had a rheumatological diagnosis. QoL in these patients was significantly lower compared with IBD patients with non-rheumatological MSC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IBD patients with MSC are associated with a lower QoL, explicitly in patients with a rheumatological diagnosis. Prospective research is necessary to evaluate the causality and suitable interventions to increase QoL in these multimorbid patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correcting near vision impairment and women's empowerment: a before-after mixed-methods study among older Zanzibari craftswomen.","authors":"Fatma Omar, Omar Juma Othman, Ai Chee Yong, Emma McConnell, Damaris Mulewa, Christine Graham, Kajal Shah, Michelle Fernandes Martins, Adrianna Farmer, Ronnie Graham, Eden Mashayo, Ving Fai Chan","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086624","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand if presbyopia correction could empower older craftswomen entrepreneurs living in Zanzibar.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Mixed-method, before-after intervention study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Unguja and Pemba islands, Zanzibar.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>209 craftswomen (weaving, tailoring and sewing, pottery and producing oil and making soaps) 40 years and older with correctable presbyopia, with no other ocular morbidities.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Eye health assessment and near vision spectacle correction for 6 months.</p><p><strong>Primary and secondary outcomes: </strong>Change in economic, social, psychological and political empowerment (4-point Likert scale responses) before and after correction. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the likelihood of upward movement on the Likert scale. Five focus group interviews were conducted to explore the craftswomen's daily experiences concerning vision correction and empowerment, and subsequently, narrative analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 209 craftswomen who completed the baseline survey from 4 to 21 April 2022, 157 (75.1%) were successfully followed up from 6 to 27 October 2022. Craftswomen reported significantly greater economic, social, psychological and political empowerment in 14 out of 18 statements (77.8%) (p<0.05). Qualitative responses showed that after correction, craftswomen reported having greater autonomy in running the business and improved income, better decision-making power for their business and children, greater independence and confidence and greater participation in problem-solving for the community and appointing leaders. We did not observe a significant change in the following: ability to make decisions for their family, understanding their capabilities, ability to be elected as a leader and ability to advise government leaders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The correlation between presbyopia correction and empowerment among older Zanzibari craftswomen is mostly positive. Some aspects of empowerment require further investigation with an extended timeframe.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomogram model for predicting medication adherence in patients with various mental disorders based on the Dryad database.","authors":"Xiaoxian Pei, Xiangdong Du, Dan Liu, Xiaowei Li, Yajuan Wu","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087312","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Treatment compliance among psychiatric patients is related to disease outcomes. How to assess patient compliance remains a concern. Here, we established a predictive model for medication compliance in patients with psychotic disorders to provide a reference for early intervention in treatment non-compliance behaviour.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Clinical information for 451 patients with psychotic disorders was downloaded from the Dryad database. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression and logistic regression were used to establish the model. Bootstrap resampling (1000 iterations) was used for internal validation and a nomogram was drawn to predict medication compliance. The consistency index, Brier score, receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve were used for model evaluation.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>35 Italian Community Psychiatric Services.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>451 patients prescribed with any long-acting intramuscular (LAI) antipsychotic were consecutively recruited, and assessed after 6 months and 12 months, from December 2015 to May 2017.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>432 patients with psychotic disorders were included for model construction; among these, the compliance rate was 61.3%. The Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores, multiple hospitalisations in 1 year and a history of long-acting injectables were found to be independent risk factors for treatment noncompliance (all p<0.01). The concordance statistic of the nomogram was 0.709 (95% CI 0.652 to 0.766), the Brier index was 0.215 and the area under the ROC curve was 0.716 (95% CI 0.669 to 0.763); decision curve analysis showed that applying this model between the threshold probabilities of 44% and 63% improved the net clinical benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A low DAI-10 score, a high BPRS score, multiple hospitalisations in 1 year and the previous use of long-acting injectable drugs were independent risk factors for medication noncompliance in patients with psychotic disorders. Our nomogram for predicting treatment adherence behaviour in psychiatric patients exhibited good sensitivity and specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying thresholds for meaningful improvements in NTDT-PRO scores to support conclusions about treatment benefit in clinical studies of patients with non-transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia: analysis of pooled data from a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.","authors":"Ali T Taher, Khaled M Musallam, Vip Viprakasit, Antonis Kattamis, Jennifer Lord-Bessen, Aylin Yucel, Shien Guo, Christopher G Pelligra, Alan L Shields, Jeevan K Shetty, Mrudula B Glassberg, Luciana Moro Bueno, Maria Domenica Cappellini","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085234","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate thresholds for defining meaningful within-patient improvement from baseline to weeks 13-24 and interpreting meaningfulness of between-group difference for the non-transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia patient-reported outcome (NTDT-PRO) tiredness/weakness (T/W) and shortness of breath (SoB) scores. A secondary objective was to determine the symptom severity threshold for the NTDT-PRO T/W domain to identify patients with symptomatic T/W.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Pooled blinded data from the phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised BEYOND trial in NTDT (NCT03342404) were used. Anchor-based analyses supplemented with distribution-based analyses and empirical cumulative distribution function (eCDF) curves were applied. Distribution-based analyses and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to estimate between-group difference and symptomatic thresholds, respectively.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Thailand, the UK and the USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adults (N=145; mean age 39.9 years) with NTDT who were transfusion-free ≥8 weeks before randomisation.</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>Score changes from baseline to weeks 13-24 in PROs used as anchors (correlation coefficient ≥0.3): NTDT-PRO T/W and SoB scores, Patient Global Impression of Severity, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (Fatigue Subscale, item HI12 and item An2) and Short Form Health Survey version 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eCDF curves support the use of estimates from the improvement by one level group for all anchors to determine the threshold(s) for meaningful within-patient improvement. Mean (median) changes from these groups and estimates from distribution-based analyses suggest that a ≥1-point reduction in the NTDT-PRO T/W or SoB domains represents a clinically meaningful improvement. Meaningful between-group difference threshold ranges were 0.53-1.10 for the T/W domain and 0.65-1.15 for the SoB domain. The optimal symptomatic threshold for the T/W domain (by maximum Youden's index) was ≥3 points.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The thresholds proposed may support the use of NTDT-PRO in assessing and interpreting treatment effects in clinical studies and identifying patients with NTDT in need of symptom relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to secondary antibiotic prophylaxis among patients with acute rheumatic fever and/or rheumatic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Melaku Bimerew, Freweyni Gebreegziabher Araya, Manay Ayalneh","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082191","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Worldwide, a number of studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of adherence to secondary antibiotic prophylaxis and to identify the associated factors (reasons) for poor adherence among patients with rheumatic heart disease or acute rheumatic fever (RHD/ARF). However, results were highly inconsistent with a prevalence ranging from 10% to 93%; and the reported reasons or associated factors have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of adherence to secondary antibiotic prophylaxis among patients with RHD/ARF; and to review the associated factors (reasons) for poor adherence.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Review and African Journals Online databases.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Articles published in English from 1 January 2005 to 1 December 2022 and reported the prevalence of adherence using ≥80% cut-off points were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Data were extracted using the Microsoft Excel and analysed by STATA V.11.0. A meta-analysis was conducted using the weighted inverse-variance random-effects model. Reasons for poor adherence were identified through thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>33 articles with a total sample size of 7158 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of adherence to secondary antibiotic prophylaxis among patients with RHD/ARF was found to be 58.5% (95% CI: 48.2% to 68.7%; I²=99.2%; p<0.001). Rural residency, lack of money, distance from the health institutions, inaccessibility, poor counselling, forgetting schedules, lack of disease knowledge and fear of injection pain were the reported factors or reasons for poor adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>About 41.5% of patients with RHD/ARF were found to have poor adherence. Long distance from health institutions, forgetting schedules, poor counselling and lack of knowledge and skill among healthcare workers were some of the modifiable reasons for poor adherence. Therefore, decentralisation of the follow-up care, creating schedule reminding systems and providing targeted health education might help to improve adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among women in a South Asian population: a descriptive study of modifiable risk factors.","authors":"Rubina Rauf, Muhammad Nauman Khan, Jawaid Akbar Sial, Nadeem Qamar, Tahir Saghir, Khawar Abbas Kazmi","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089149","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089149","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was the assessment of modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among women versus men at a newly developed preventive cardiology clinic of a large tertiary care cardiac centre in Pakistan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Observational study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Tertiary care cardiac hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Data for this study were obtained retrospectively from a prospectively collected ongoing registry. We have included all female and male individuals who have presented or were referred to our clinic for primary prevention. All the participants had no history of ischaemic heart disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcome measure: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, we evaluated the CVD risk factors, estimated risk of CVD, and glycaemic and cholesterol control at baseline and at subsequent follow-ups for high-risk patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 535 patients, 314 females, were included with a mean age of 48.3±12.5 years. At baseline, 57.9% (128) of men versus 73.2% (230) of women (p&lt;0.001) were known cases of hypertension (HTN); 18.1% (40) vs 26.8% (84) (p=0.019) were diabetic; 40.5% (89) vs 9.2% (29) (p&lt;0.001) were tobacco users; 26.0% (56) vs 3.2% (10) (p&lt;0.001) were smokers; and 26.9% (57) vs 50.5% (153) had BMI ≥30 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively.Baseline atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score was available for 348 (65%), 61.5% (136) of men versus 67.5% (212) of women. The median ASCVD risk score was 6.8% (2.8%-16.1%) vs 2.25% (1%-5.1%) (p&lt;0.001 for men and women, respectively). The ASCVD risk score was ≥20% (high risk) for 22.1% (30) vs 1.9% (4), while the ASCVD risk score was &lt;5% (low risk) for 40.4% (55) vs 74.1% (157) of men and women, respectively.A repeat ASCVD assessment at a median follow-up of 49.5 (7.0-231) days was available for 259 (48.4%) patients, 26.2% (58) of men vs 64% (201) of women, respectively. The median follow-up ASCVD score was 6.55% (2.8%-15.4%) vs 2.1% (0.9%-4.8%) (p&lt;0.001 with ≥20% (high risk) in 19% (11) vs 2% (4) and &lt;5% (low risk) in 34.5% (20) vs 77.1% (155) of men and women, respectively).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;There is a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic CVD such as HTN, diabetes and obesity in women as compared with men, but interestingly, ASCVD risk score at the baseline as well as at the follow-up is high in men versus women. Some other non-modifiable risk factors like age, gender and blood lipid profile may also contribute to this difference between the high prevalence of risk factors and low ASCVD risk score in women. With appropriate follow-up and proper counselling, the looming CVD can be better prevented in this population. A dedicated preventive cardiology clinic for the identification of high-risk women and systematic follow-up is needed to predict their actual CVD risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial registration: &lt;/strong&gt;NCT0650334","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring what influences the uptake of cancer rehabilitation services: a realist informed mixed-methods study.","authors":"Judit Katalin Csontos, Dominic Roche, Tessa Watts","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087812","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate how uptake of cancer rehabilitation services is affected by information provision and whether it is influenced by people's perception and attitudes towards rehabilitation interventions and therapies.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study followed a realist informed mixed-methods design. Descriptive secondary analysis of a cancer rehabilitation database containing information about number of people attending services, their diagnosis and sex and semi-structured interviews with people affected by cancer (PABC) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) were conducted.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Cancer rehabilitation services located in two cancer centres in South Wales, UK.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>PABC who received care from any of the included cancer rehabilitation services. HCPs providing cancer rehabilitation at any of the included services.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Exercise-based cancer rehabilitation, fatigue management, acupuncture and allied health professional support were provided as cancer rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty HCPs and 15 PABC were recruited for semi-structured interviews across the two services. The number of database records used for the secondary analysis ranged from 212 to 347 between 2014 and 2017. Based on descriptive analysis of these records and thematic analysis of HCPs' interviews, uptake of cancer rehabilitation services often fluctuated. This could be attributed to PABC reporting issues with information provision on available services. Based on PABC's accounts, they learnt about cancer rehabilitation in various ways, often by chance via word of mouth. Information provision was influenced by several issues including lack of consensus on what cancer rehabilitation means, the wider multidisciplinary team's (MDT) perception and knowledge on cancer rehabilitation, the prevailing medical model in healthcare and the lack of routine provision of services. The perception and attitude of PABC did not seem to inhibit uptake and information provision.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To modify these inhibiting issues, the education of the wider MDT regarding the aim, modalities and importance of cancer rehabilitation is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying emerging psychopathology in adolescence: study protocol of a 1-year prospective epidemiological (EMERGE) study.","authors":"Xenia Anna Häfeli, Anja Hirsig, Stefanie J Schmidt","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084821","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adolescent mental health is a global public health challenge as most cases remain undetected and untreated, and consequently, have a high likelihood of persistence or recurrence. It is critical to improve early detection of mental disorders and to target individuals experiencing subclinical symptoms. However, most indicated prevention approaches have been developed for risk syndromes of specific mental disorders. This contradicts the increasing recognition of emerging psychopathology as a complex system characterised by rapid shifts in subclinical symptoms, cutting across diagnostic categories and interacting with each other over time. Therefore, this study aims to examine the dynamic course, pattern and network of subclinical symptoms and transdiagnostic mechanisms over time.</p><p><strong>Method and analysis: </strong>The EMERGE-study is a prospective, naturalistic, 1-year follow-up study. A general population sample of 1196 adolescents will be recruited. Inclusion criteria are age between 11 and 17 years, German language skills, main residency in Switzerland and access to internet. Individuals will be excluded if they have a current or lifetime axis I mental disorder. Assessments of subclinical symptoms of several mental disorders and potential transdiagnostic mechanisms will be conducted at baseline and at 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month follow-up. Structural equation modelling will be used to estimate the homotypic and heterotypic patterns of subclinical symptoms and the associations with transdiagnostic mechanisms. Latent growth mixture modelling and growth mixture survival analysis will be carried out to identify subclasses of individuals with different trajectories of subclinical symptoms that may be predictive of an onset of a mental disorder. Network analysis will be applied to assess the centrality of subclinical symptoms and how networks of emerging psychopathology change over time.</p><p><strong>Ethics and dissemination: </strong>Ethical approval was obtained from the Bern Cantonal Ethics Committee (ID 2020-02108). All findings will be disseminated by publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals and by presentation of the results to conferences and stakeholder organisation events.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study protocol of the planetary health action survey PACE: a serial cross-sectional survey to assess the readiness to act against climate change.","authors":"Lena Lehrer, Mattis Geiger, Philipp Sprengholz, Mirjam Jenny, Hellen L Temme, Parichehr Shamsrizi, Sarah Eitze, Cornelia Betsch","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091093","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Climate change is a paramount global health threat with multifaceted implications. Societal change is required to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, as well as help people adapt to the associated health risks. This requires situation-specific, large-scale data to help scientists and policymakers understand public perceptions and behaviours and identify the levers to increase public readiness to act against climate change and protect health. The Planetary Health Action Survey (PACE) assesses this readiness to act as a regular monitoring of representative samples in Germany. The ongoing monitoring seeks to develop and refine an integrated conceptual model of the trait-like readiness to act, comprising policy acceptance, political participation and individual behaviours as indicators of the trait. It also proposes as set of determinants to explain different levels of readiness to act. This study protocol provides newly developed valid measurement instruments and the methodological details of the monitoring.</p><p><strong>Method and analysis: </strong>PACE assesses indicators of the readiness to act and a set of sociocognitive factors predicting the readiness to act in continuous cross-sectional data collections. The latter comprise climate change knowledge, trust in institutions, perceived health risks, self-efficacy, social norms and perceived effectiveness of policy measures. The online questionnaire is updated regularly. Data collection involves non-probabilistic quota samples from Germany (n≈1000 at each collection).</p><p><strong>Ethics and dissemination: </strong>The project adheres to the ethical guidelines of the University of Erfurt and the German Research Foundation. Ethical clearance was granted by the University's Institutional Review Board (No #20220525/No #2024-01). Participants are guaranteed confidentiality and anonymity, and informed consent is obtained before participation. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Additionally, we aim to inform and empower the public and support stakeholders (media, policymakers, climate protection organisations) in preparing climate communication and assisting policymakers through the project website including an interactive tool, detailed reports and short summaries for practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical research grant resubmission: rates and factors related to success - a scoping review.","authors":"Anne M Lasinsky, James Wrightson, Hassan Khan, David Moher, Vanessa Kitchin, Karim Khan, Clare L Ardern","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089927","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Most first-time biomedical research grant applications are not funded. In the challenging research funding climate, resubmitting a grant application is a necessary task for scientists. Identifying which factors influence their decision to resubmit and the success of resubmissions will inform funders and applicants. However, data on resubmissions are fragmented and under-reported. In this scoping review, we aimed to summarise (1) the outcomes of resubmitting biomedical research grant applications and (2) the demographic characteristics of scientists who resubmitted grant applications.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Scoping review with reporting informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and grey literature sources were searched through November 2022.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>We included peer-reviewed and grey literature records from the biomedical sciences that reported outcomes of the resubmission process (eg, resubmission success rate, rate of resubmission) and information about the scientists who resubmit grant applications (eg, sex, race, career stage).</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The data were cross-referenced and any conflicts were resolved via consensus. Data were summarised descriptively and presented in tables and figures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resubmissions represented a substantial proportion of applications (lowest prevalence rate: 4%; highest prevalence rate: 56%) in a given funding cycle and were reliably more successful than first-time applications (lowest success rate: 16%; highest success rate: 82%)-a phenomenon associated with several sociodemographic, institutional and project-related factors. There was conflicting evidence about the relationship of sociodemographic-related, institution-related and project-related factors to resubmission likelihood and success.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The resubmission process is a time-consuming and often frustrating experience for researchers. Our review identified opportunities to streamline and improve the process to enhance the biomedical research landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":9158,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}