Boundary-Layer Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"The Arctic Fjord Breeze: Characteristics of a Combined Sea Breeze and Valley Wind in a Svalbard Fjord Valley","authors":"Matthias Henkies, Knut Vilhelm Høyland, Aleksey Shestov, Christiane Duscha, Anna Sjöblom","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00840-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00840-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermally-driven circulations are a frequent meteorological phenomenon in complex Arctic terrain, but the Arctic fjord breeze, a combined sea-breeze and up-valley wind, has received little attention. A field campaign was conducted in the valley Adventdalen in Svalbard in summer 2022 using a Scanning Doppler Lidar and automatic weather stations. It is shown that a local up-valley circulation occurred frequently in this valley, and that it was driven by the temperature and pressure gradient between valley and fjord, i.e., a fjord breeze. The fjord breeze existed in both large-scale up-valley and down-valley winds. Its strength, extent and depth varied due to the diurnal cycle of solar irradiation as well as the interaction with large-scale winds. In contrast to typical lower-latitude breezes, the Arctic fjord breeze could persist over several days. The breeze was found to be relatively strong even under small horizontal temperature contrasts and opposing large-scale winds, possibly due to an increase in the thermal pressure gradient by the surrounding topography.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Surface Energy Budget of a Wheat Crop: Estimates of Storage","authors":"J. R. Garratt","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00834-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00834-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The residual found by Garratt and Pearman (2020, Boundary-Layer Meteorology 177: 613–641) in the surface energy budget of a winter wheat crop is the result of combining seven separately measured or estimated individual fluxes, each with its own uncertainty. We show that the mean hourly residual as it varies through the day is closely correlated with the rate-of-change of radiative surface temperature. Using the latter as a basis for estimating the hourly storage closes the budget to within 5% of the incident broadband shortwave irradiance, down from 10% when storage is excluded. The storage so calculated both agrees with estimates for a maize crop (Hicks et al. 2020, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 290: 108035) and with theoretical considerations. However, for storage calculations in the field, soil and canopy temperatures are preferable to surface temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Performance of GRAMM-SCI and WRF in Simulating the Surface-Energy Budget and Thermally Driven Winds in an Alpine Valley","authors":"Gaspard Simonet, Dietmar Oettl, Manuela Lehner","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00835-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00835-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using WRF as a benchmark, GRAMM-SCI simulations are performed for a case study of thermally driven valley- and slope winds in the Inn Valley, Austria. A clear-sky, synoptically undisturbed day was selected when large spatial heterogeneities occur in the components of the surface-energy budget driven by local terrain and land-use characteristics. The models are evaluated mainly against observations from four eddy-covariance stations in the valley. While both models are able to capture the main characteristics of the surface-energy budget and the locally driven wind field, a few overall deficiencies are identified: (i) Since the surface-energy budget is closed in the models, whereas large residuals are observed, the models generally tend to overestimate the daytime sensible and latent heat fluxes. (ii) The partitioning of the available energy into sensible and latent heat fluxes remains relatively constant in the simulations, whereas the observed Bowen ratio decreases continuously throughout the day because of a temporal shift between the maxima in sensible and latent heat fluxes, which is not captured by the models. (iii) The comparison between model results and observations is hampered by differences between the real land use and the vegetation type in the model. Recent modifications of the land-surface scheme in GRAMM-SCI improve the representation of nighttime katabatic winds over forested areas, reducing the modeled wind speeds to more realistic values.","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"17 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a Geometric Parameter Corresponding to the Turbulent Length Scale Within an Urban Canopy Layer","authors":"Takuto Sato, Hiroyuki Kusaka","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00832-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00832-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Local Terrain Features on Urban Airflow","authors":"Matthew Coburn, Christina Vanderwel, Steven Herring, Zheng-Tong Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00831-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00831-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Past work has shown that coupling can exist between atmospheric air flows at street scale (O(0.1 km)) and city scale (O(10 km)). It is generally impractical at present to develop high-fidelity urban simulations capable of capturing such effects. This limitation imposes a need to develop better parameterisations for meso-scale models but an information gap exists in that past work has generally focused on simplified urban geometries and assumed the buildings to be on flat ground. This study aimed to begin to address this gap in a systematic way by using the large eddy simulation method with synthetic turbulence inflow boundary conditions to simulate atmospheric air flows over the University of Southampton campus. Both flat and realistic terrains were simulated, including significant local terrain features, such as two valleys with a width about 50 m and a depth about average building height, and a step change of urban roughness height. The numerical data were processed to obtain averaged vertical profiles of time-averaged velocities and second order turbulence statistics. The flat terrain simulation was validated against high resolution particle image velocimetry data, and the impact of uncertainty in defining the turbulence intensity in the synthetic inflow method was assessed. The ratio between realistic and flat terrains of time-mean streamwise velocity at the same ground level height over a terrain crest location can be >2, while over a valley trough it can be <0.5. Further data analysis conclusively showed that the realistic terrain can have a considerable effect on global quantities, such as the depth of the spanwise-averaged internal boundary layer and spatially-averaged turbulent kinetic energy. These highlight the potential impact that local terrain features (O(0.1 km)) may have on near-field dispersion and the urban micro-climate.","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wake Characterization of Building Clusters Immersed in Deep Boundary Layers","authors":"Abhishek Mishra, Marco Placidi, Matteo Carpentieri, Alan Robins","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00830-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00830-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to understand the effect of building array size ( N ), aspect ratio ( AR ), and the spacing between buildings ( $$W_S$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;S&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; ) on the mean structure and decay of their wakes. Arrays of size 3 $$times $$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;×&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; 3, 4 $$times $$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;×&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; 4,and 5 $$times $$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;×&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; 5, AR = 4, 6, and 8, and $$W_S$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;S&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; = 0.5 $$W_B$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;B&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; , 1 $$W_B$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;B&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; , 2 $$W_B$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;B&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; and 4 $$W_B$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;B&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; (where $$W_B$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;B&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; is the building width) were considered. Three different wake regimes behind the building clusters were identified: near-, transition-, and far-wake regimes. The results suggest that the spatial extent of these wake regimes is governed by the overall array width ( $$W_A$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;A&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; ). The effects of individual buildings are observed to be dominant in the near-wake regime ( $$0&lt;x/W_A&lt; {0.45}$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:mrow&gt; &lt;mml:mn&gt;0&lt;/mml:mn&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;x&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;/&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;A&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;mml:mrow&gt; &lt;mml:mn&gt;0.45&lt;/mml:mn&gt; &lt;/mml:mrow&gt; &lt;/mml:mrow&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; ) where individual wakes appear behind each building. These wakes are observed to merge in the transition-wake region ( $${0.45}&lt; x/W_A &lt; 1.5$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt; &lt;mml:mrow&gt; &lt;mml:mrow&gt; &lt;mml:mn&gt;0.45&lt;/mml:mn&gt; &lt;/mml:mrow&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;x&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;/&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;W&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;mml:mi&gt;A&lt;/mml:mi&gt; &lt;/mml:msub&gt; &lt;mml:mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mml:mo&gt; &lt;mml:mn&gt;1.5&lt;/mml:mn&gt; &lt;/mml:mrow&gt; &lt;/mml:math&gt; ), forming a combined wake in which the individual contributions are no longer apparent. In the far-wake regime ( $$x/W_A &gt; 1.5$$ &lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Method Over the Amazon Forest: The Importance of Flux Strength on Individual and Aggregated Flux Estimates","authors":"Nelson Luís Dias, Ivan Mauricio Cely Toro, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Luca Mortarini, Daiane Brondani","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00829-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00829-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Uncertainties of Radiative Transfer Calculation in Urban Canopy Models","authors":"Robert Schoetter, Cyril Caliot, Tin-Yuet Chung, Robin J. Hogan, Valéry Masson","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00827-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00827-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating the Career of Evgeni Fedorovich: Explorer of the Boundary-Layer Realm and Ambassador for the Community","authors":"Alan Shapiro, William Anderson, Dmitrii Mironov, Elie Bou-Zeid, Andrey Grachev","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00828-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00828-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Thermally Driven Slope Winds: Recent Advances and Open Questions","authors":"Sofia Farina, Dino Zardi","doi":"10.1007/s10546-023-00821-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00821-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper reviews recent advances in our understanding about the dynamics of thermally driven winds over sloping terrain. Major progress from recent experiments, both in the field and in the laboratory, are outlined. Achievements from numerical modelling efforts, including both parameterized turbulence and large eddy simulation approaches, up to direct numerical simulations, are also reviewed. Finally, theoretical insights on the nature of turbulence in such winds are analyzed along with applications which benefit from progress in understanding of these flows. Open questions to be faced for further investigations are finally highlighted.","PeriodicalId":9153,"journal":{"name":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}