BMC Endocrine Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Coronary artery calcification in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: biochemical and inflammatory insights from the Pakistani Population - a case-control study.","authors":"Fasiha Fatima, Asher Fawwad, Abdul Basit, Eraj Abbas, Rahima Aftab","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02383-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02383-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) serves as an important tool for cardiovascular risk assessment in this population. This study examines the correlation of CACS with biochemical and inflammatory parameters in individuals with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted at Baqai Medical University and comprised 184 individuals with T2DM and 184 healthy people. CACS was assessed with cardiac non-contrast computed tomography. The Agatston method was used to determine CACS, while biochemical markers, such as lipid profiles and HbA1c, were analyzed using enzymatic colorimetric method and high-performance liquid chromatography. Inflammatory parameters, including hs-C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) were measured using immunoassays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in median values of age (p < 0.0001), HbA1c (p < 0.0001), cholesterol (p = 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.0001), hs-CRP (p < 0.0001), and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) in persons with T2DM compared to healthy subjects. Individuals with T2DM exhibited significantly higher CACS in both mild to moderate (1-100) and moderate to severe (> 100) categories compared with healthy controls (p-value < 0.0001). The CACS positively correlated with age (p < 0.0001), HbA1c (p < 0.0001), and low-density lipoprotein levels (p = 0.041). Binary logistic regression showed that elevated HbA1c and hs-CRP were independent predictors of coronary artery calcification in T2DM patients. Other factors, including age, BMI, family history, and lipid levels, were not significant after multivariate adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Poor glycemic control and systemic inflammation, reflected by elevated HbA1c and hs-CRP, are key independent predictors of calcified coronary arteries in patients with T2DM, underscoring importance of targeting hyperglycemia and inflammation to reduce cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical trial no. not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13556057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of glycolipid metabolism 6 factors index with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and its predictive value in disease progression.","authors":"Jiahui Qi, Lingyu Liu, Yijin Pan, Yihan Wang, Xitong Xu, Haipeng Wang, Yiyan Li, Qian Liu, Songwen Liu, Chen Li, Yuqing He","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02385-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02385-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aims to investigate the potential of glycolipid metabolism 6 factors (GLM6) and glycolipid metabolism 7 factors (GLM7) indexes in identifying high-risk populations for various diseases during routine screening, and to evaluate the potential of GLM6 for long-term dynamic monitoring of disease risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Research data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Logistic regression, Cox regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve analysis were employed to examine correlations between exposure variables and outcome variables. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithm was used to establish models evaluating the predictive efficacy of GLM7 and GLM6 indicators. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, gender, smoking status, and drinking status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The composite indicators GLM7 and GLM6 showed significant positive correlations with the risk of 9 disease categories, 14 specific diseases, and mortality, with no association observed only for hyperthyroidism. The XGBoost model built on GLM6 performs comparably to the GLM7 model in terms of predictive ability for most diseases and has the potential to identify high-risk populations for various diseases during routine examinations. GLM7 and GLM6 demonstrate sound predictive capabilities for cardiovascular categories and metabolic diseases in the XGBoost model. In the cohort, the baseline GLM6 index, cumulative GLM6 index, and GLM6 dynamic clustering group were significantly positively correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes (DM). The highest tertile of the cumulative GLM6 index, combined with an unfavorable GLM6 dynamic clustering group, was associated with the highest risk of new-onset CVD and DM, demonstrating a high risk of CVD and DM associated with long-term high GLM6 exposure. Furthermore, female exhibited higher disease risk under prolonged high GLM6 exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLM6 and GLM7 show potential as biomarkers for identifying individuals at high risk of CVD and DM in large-scale population screenings. They can help establish long-term disease risk monitoring networks, and following future multicenter validation studies, they are expected to support the optimization of clinical decision-making and promote the targeted allocation of public health resources.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13556023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of diet composition and meal intervals with short-term glycemic control and glycemic variability among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.","authors":"Mohammed Azhar Hussain, H Anil Kumar, Mahadevamma Lingaiah","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02381-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02381-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glycemic variability (GV) is an independent contributor to diabetes related complications beyond glycated hemoglobin. While dietary macronutrient composition influences glycemic responses, the importance of meal timing and nutrient distribution in real world settings remain unclear particularly in Indian diets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational study, 47 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who completed 10-14 days of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were included in the final analysis. The median CGM wear duration was 14(14-14) days and the median CGM analyzed days was 11(10-11) days. Associations between dietary variable and CGM derived metrics including Time in Range (TIR), Time above Range (TAR) and percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) were assessed using Spearman correlation and multivariable mixed-effects regression models adjusted for total energy intake, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, and insulin/insulin-secretagogue use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with higher %CV (ρ = 0.354, p = 0.017), higher TAR (ρ = 0.343, p = 0.021), higher average glucose (ρ = 0.355, p = 0.017), and lower TIR (ρ = -0.378, p = 0.010) in subject-level analyses. Longer lunch-dinner and breakfast-dinner intervals were associated with higher TIR, whereas the breakfast-lunch interval showed no clear association with glycemic outcomes. In mixed-effects analyses accounting for repeated observations and participant-level covariates, habitual dietary carbohydrate composition remained associated with glycemic variability, whereas meal-timing associations were less consistent after adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Habitual dietary carbohydrate composition remained associated with glycemic variability, whereas meal-timing associations were less consistent in adjusted analyses. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of dietary timing strategies in optimizing CGM-derived glycemic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148326801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roux-en-Y gastric bypass promotes white adipose tissue browning and systemic metabolic recovery in obese type 2 diabetic mice.","authors":"Tengfei Qi, Ru Ji, Liangping Wu, Jipei He, Hongbin Zhang, Zhengyong Xie","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02319-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02319-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a highly effective therapy for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its underlying mechanisms, particularly regarding adipose tissue remodeling, remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the hypothesis that RYGB induces a phenotypic shift in white adipose tissue (WAT) towards a brown-like (beige) state, which contributes to its systemic metabolic benefits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An obese T2DM model was established in C57BL/6J mice using a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin. Mice were allocated to control (CON), sham-operated (SHAM), or RYGB groups. Metabolic parameters were monitored for 8 weeks post-surgery. Terminal analyses included body composition assessment via micro-CT, plasma lipid profiling, and histological evaluation of liver and multiple adipose depots (epididymal, inguinal, perirenal, and brown adipose tissue).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RYGB induced sustained weight loss, normalized glycemia, improved insulin sensitivity, and corrected dyslipidemia. Body composition analysis revealed a preferential reduction in visceral and subcutaneous fat mass, with lean mass preserved. Histologically, RYGB markedly alleviated hepatic steatosis. Crucially, RYGB induced a profound remodeling of WAT, characterized by a significant reduction in adipocyte size in both epididymal and inguinal depots, indicating improved adipose tissue health. Concomitantly, brown adipose tissue exhibited a reversal of obesity-associated \"whitening,\" displaying a more active morphology with smaller lipid droplets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Beyond its established effects on weight and metabolism, RYGB induces morphological changes in white adipose tissue consistent with improved metabolic health. This structural and phenotypic reprogramming of fat depots likely represents a key cellular mechanism underpinning the surgery's potent anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects. Our findings highlight adipose tissue plasticity as a central therapeutic target of RYGB.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by pheochromocytoma: diagnostic challenges and surgical outcomes in two cases.","authors":"Zexuan Lv, Yi Wang, Chuan Zhang, Yansheng Xu, Yubo Zhao, Xiyou Wang, Weihao Chen, Yipeng Jin, Zhuomin Jia","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02374-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02374-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is a rare form of ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, most commonly caused by neuroendocrine tumors. Pheochromocytoma is a rare source of ectopic ACTH secretion. Its clinical presentation is often heterogeneous and may lack the typical features of Cushing syndrome, which can lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Increased awareness of this rare entity is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report two cases of ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by pheochromocytoma. Both patients presented with refractory hypertension and hypokalemia, and one patient developed symptoms during pregnancy with atypical clinical manifestations. Laboratory evaluation revealed markedly elevated ACTH and cortisol levels with loss of circadian rhythm, accompanied by varying degrees of catecholamine excess. Imaging studies demonstrated adrenal masses, while pituitary imaging and investigations for other potential ectopic ACTH sources were unremarkable. Both patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Postoperative histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma with focal ACTH positivity. During follow-up, ACTH and cortisol levels decreased rapidly, serum potassium levels and blood pressure improved significantly, and no tumor recurrence was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by pheochromocytoma is rare, it should be considered in patients presenting with refractory hypertension, hypokalemia, and ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome. Comprehensive endocrine evaluation and accurate imaging localization are crucial for preoperative diagnosis and treatment planning, while definitive diagnosis relies on postoperative histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection remains an effective definitive treatment, leading to marked improvement in hormonal abnormalities and clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between pan-immune-inflammation value and diabetic kidney disease: a combined cross-sectional and prospective cohort study.","authors":"Jian Jin, Shuwu Wei, Jiale Zhang, Jie Yang, Weishuai Sun, Weiwei Sun, Junping Wei, Juan Miao","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02345-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02345-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) has been associated with chronic kidney disease of various etiologies, there is a lack of studies specifically analyzing the relationship between PIV and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to explore the association between PIV and DKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were obtained from Guang'anmen Hospital and 38 community health service centers, spanning the period from 2014 to 2022. This study conducted a cross-sectional study including 7,610 T2DM patients and a cohort study comprising 1,494 T2DM patients without baseline kidney disease. In both studies, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to assess the relationship between PIV and DKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the cross-sectional study, after adjusting for potential confounders, PIV was significantly and positively associated with DKD prevalence in T2DM patients, with those in the highest quartile exhibiting a 76.3% higher prevalence compared to the lowest quartile. In the cohort study, even after controlling for multiple confounding factors, higher PIV levels remained significantly associated with an increased risk of DKD, with the highest quartile showing a 131.3% higher incidence than the lowest quartile. Furthermore, the relationship between PIV and DKD incidence followed an inverse J-shaped pattern, and this association was largely consistent across most subpopulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In individuals with type 2 diabetes, higher PIV levels are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), highlighting the potential of PIV as a marker for identifying DKD risk in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index combined with anthropometric indices and mortality risk in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic syndrome: a national cohort study.","authors":"Yeshen Zhang, Xinyue Gao, Xianglin Long, Yixuan Li, Weiwu Xiong, Shan Tu, Wenzhi Luo, Xu Deng, Lixiong Zeng, Fei Ye, Xiaoyan Wang, Zhihui Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02366-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02366-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index (CTI) combined with anthropometric indices serve as integrative markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and visceral obesity, exerting a detrimental effect on prognosis. However, the prognostic significance of CTI-anthropometric indices in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic (CKLM) syndrome remains uncertain. This study was conducted to elucidate the relationships between the CTI-anthropometric indices and mortality risk in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 14,203 individuals with CKLM syndrome from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018). Kaplan-Meier curve analyses, Cox proportional hazards models, Fine-Gray competing risk models, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were performed to evaluate the relationships of CTI-anthropometric indices with cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive performance of CTI-anthropometric indices. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up period of 11.42 years, there were 772 cardiovascular deaths and 2,424 all-cause deaths. Kaplan‒Meier curve analyses indicated the lowest survival rate in the highest quartile of CTI-anthropometric indices (Log-rank p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that CTI-anthropometric indices in the highest quartile were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality, compared with the lowest quartile. The Fine-Gray competing risk models also demonstrated that CTI-anthropometric indices were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality. The RCS results showed a linear or non-linear association of CTI-anthropometric indices with cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. ROC curve analyses indicated that CTI-a body shape index (CTI-ABSI) exhibited preferred predictive performance for mortality risk at 1-, 5-, and 10-year time points compared to other CTI-anthropometric indices. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results of CTI-ABSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated CTI-anthropometric indices were independently associated with increased mortality risk in individuals with CKLM syndrome, with CTI-ABSI emerging as the preferred predictor of mortality risk. These findings provide an approach for enhancing risk discrimination and stratification in individuals with CKLM syndrome.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the Fibrosis-4 index with thyroid nodule prevalence in women: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ruixia Liu, Mengmeng Zheng, Tianrong Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02384-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02384-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between liver-related metabolic markers and thyroid nodules (TNs) has attracted increasing interest. However, whether the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index is independently associated with TN prevalence in women, particularly after accounting for the age embedded in the score, remains unclear. We investigated the association between FIB-4 and prevalent TNs in a female health-check cohort and assessed its robustness in age-stratified and age-adjusted analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 695 women from a health examination cohort at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. TNs were defined as ultrasound-detected thyroid nodules. Multivariable logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalent TNs according to standardized FIB-4 levels. Prespecified age-stratified analyses were performed for women aged ≤ 60 years and > 60 years. Within each age stratum, an additional model adjusted for continuous age. Age-adjusted within-stratum results were considered the main basis for interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the full female cohort, the association between FIB-4 and prevalent TNs was attenuated after additional adjustment for continuous age (OR 1.104, 95% CI 0.822-1.484; P = 0.511). In age-adjusted within-stratum analyses, FIB-4 was not significantly associated with prevalent TNs in either women aged ≤ 60 years (OR 1.211, 95% CI 0.837-1.751; P = 0.310) or women aged > 60 years (OR 0.567, 95% CI 0.289-1.113; P = 0.099). The corresponding base model estimates before additional continuous-age adjustment were OR 1.564 (95% CI 1.086-2.253; P = 0.016) and OR 0.576 (95% CI 0.278-1.193; P = 0.138), respectively. The interaction between FIB-4 and age group was not statistically significant (P for interaction = 0.239).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After additional adjustment for continuous age within age strata, the association between FIB-4 and prevalent thyroid nodules in women was attenuated and no longer statistically significant. These findings suggest that the apparent relationship between FIB-4 and TN prevalence in this health-check population may be substantially influenced by age handling and should be interpreted cautiously.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined model integrating adiponectin and anthropometric indices for the identification of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Xiuping Yin, Yunna Zhang, Cuiliu Li, Xinxin Yang, Jinxiu Xu, Fang Gao, Jie Ma, Renyong Huang, Guangya Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02382-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02382-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the associations of adiponectin (APN), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with insulin resistance (IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to evaluate a combined model for discriminatory performance and potential clinical value for the identification of IR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 394 hospitalized patients with T2DM were retrospectively analyzed. Participants were divided into low-IR and high-IR groups based on the median HOMA-IR. Clinical data were then analyzed by Spearman's correlation, trend analysis, multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the low-IR group, patients in the high-IR group exhibited a higher BMI and WHR but lower APN levels (P < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, APN was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, whereas BMI and WHR were positively correlated (all P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis further revealed that APN (β = -0.335), BMI (β = 0.243), and WHR (β = 0.138) were independently associated with IR (P < 0.01 for all). The combined model showed better discrimination (AUC = 0.82) than APN (0.78), WHR (0.72), and BMI (0.69) alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>APN, BMI, and WHR were independently associated with IR in patients with T2DM. Our combined model demonstrates superior discriminative performance to individual indicators and may be useful for identifying individuals at high risk of IR.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual care for young adults with type 1 diabetes: a 12-month follow-up of a wait-list randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Rebecka Husdal, Eva Toft, Jan W Eriksson, Johan Fischier, Andreas Rosenblad, Elisabet Nerpin, Janeth Leksell","doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02371-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-026-02371-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital tools are increasingly used in diabetes care, but their long-term effectiveness remains uncertain. A previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated promising effects on perceived burden and quality of life after 6 months. The present study extends these findings through a 12-month follow-up, aiming to evaluate the long-term effects of virtual care on glycaemic control, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life among young adults with type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-centre wait-list RCT included 70 young adults aged 18-25 years with type 1 diabetes in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants randomized to the intervention group had access to the virtual platform for 12 months whereas participants in the wait-list control group received access after 6 months. The platform facilitated real-time communication with healthcare providers. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, time in range, time below range, diabetes treatment satisfaction, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Comparisons within and between groups were performed using Welch's paired and independent samples t-test, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the Mann-Whitney test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the 12-month follow-up, the intervention group showed a decreased HbA1c level from baseline (62.8 to 58.6 mmol/mol; P = 0.051) and improved time in range (46.6% to 56.9%; P = 0.002). In the wait-list control group, social burden decreased significantly from baseline to 12 months (4.3 to 0.03; P = 0.030). Other measures of quality of life, including social and emotional health, showed no significant differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Virtual diabetes care may enhance engagement and modestly improve glycaemic control in young adults, serving as a practical complement to standard outpatient follow-up.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN (ref: 73435627, registration date: 23/10/2019): https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN73435627.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13292327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}