International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia: An Epidemiological and Clinical Review","authors":"Santeliz Joanna","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410102","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary diseases associated with parasitic infections of the lung are unusual. However, the rise in immunosuppressive conditions such as HIV/AIDS, use of antineoplastic agents and post-transplant medications as well as the phenomenon of globalization and migration, has raised its prevalence both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is a neglected tropical disease of predominantly filarial endemic countries caused by a hypersensitivity response to antigens from microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. The disease affects less than 1% of patients with lymphatic filariasis, mainly young adult males. It has a slow onset of several months with respiratory symptoms mainly fever, cough, dyspnea and wheeze. The current criteria for the diagnosis of TPE include history supportive of exposure to lymphatic filariasis, nocturnal cough and dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates in chest x-ray, elevated peripheral blood eosinophils and serum IgE levels, increased titers of anti-filarial antibodies and clinical response to diethylcarbamazine which is the standard treatment. When treated, the majority of patients recover clinically and functionally, however, a small group of patients develops features compatible with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis which encompasses a worse prognosis and ultimately a premature death. More research is necessary to understand the immunopathology of this disease and consequently improve our tools for early diagnosis and timely treatment.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47164922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Bronchitis among Aboriginal Children and Adolescents in Canada - Results from 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey","authors":"P. Punam, A. Khalid, Karunanayake Chandima, Abonyi Sylvia, D. James","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is limited knowledge about determinants of chronic bronchitis (CB) among Aboriginal children and adolescents in Canada. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic bronchitis in Aboriginal children (6-11 yrs.) and adolescents (12-19 yrs.). Methods: Canadian Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS)2012 data were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis with appropriate weight variable to estimate regression coefficient and the balanced repeated replication method (to account for stratification and clustering) to compute robust standard errors were used. The outcome of interest for children was self-reported response by a parent/guardian to the question: ‘Has your child ever had bronchitis?’ and for adolescents self-reported response to the question ‘Do you have chronic bronchitis?’ Individual, environmental, and contextual factors were investigated for an association with CB. Results: Results are presented for (weighted numbers) 1,09,030 children 6-11 years old and 1,66,730 adolescents 12-19 years old. The prevalence of CB was 4.49% for boys (0.74% for adolescent boys) and 4.16% for girls (2.38% for adolescent girls). For children: The significant risk factors of CB were: age [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75 (0.660.86) for age group 9-11 years compared to age group 6-8 years]; household income (1.82 [1.56-2.13] for $25,000$44,999 income category compared to income group ≥ 85,000), body mass index (1.54 [1.28-1.85] for overweight compared to normal), allergies (2.24 [1.96-2.56] for allergies compared to no allergies), asthma (5.69 [5.00-6.49] for asthma compared to no asthma), and location of residence (rural vs. urban). The relationship between the prevalence of CB and (i) Body mass index, and (ii) Location of residence, was modified by sex. There was significant increase in the prevalence of CB for obese boys (5.4%) comped to (i) Neither overweight nor obese boys (3%) and girls (4%) and (ii) Obese girls (3.5%). Girls residing in rural areas had the significantly increased prevalence (5.6%) of CB compared to boys irrespective of their location residence and girls who live in urban areas. For adolescents: The significant risk factors of CB were: age (4.25 [3.58-5.04] for 15-19 years compared to 12-15 years), household income (3.22 [2.42-4.29] for income category < $25,000 compared to income category ≥ $85,000), parent’s education (1.60 [1.20-2.17] for ‘less than or some high school’ compared to ‘university education’), smoking in house (1.80 [1.53-2.13] for ‘smoking house’ compared to ‘non-smoking house’), and the location of residence. The relationship between the prevalence of CB and (i) Body mass index, and (ii) Location of residence was modified by sex. Boys (2.5%) and girls (2.2%) with BMI > 30 had significantly higher prevalence compared to boys (0.57%) and girls (1.4%) with BMI < 25 and boys with BMI category 25-30. Also, overweight girls had significantly high","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Pulmonary Function with Waist Circumference (WC) and Body Mass Index (BMI) among the Students of Management & Science University, Malaysia","authors":"Aniruddha Bhattacharjee, A. A. Myat, Shakunthala Vt, Rajeev Sharma","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is rapidly escalating in Malaysia in all age groups. Prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing in adults and in children in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a risk factor for many conditions including respiratory disorders regardless of BMI. However, studies investigating pulmonary functions in obese adolescents in Malaysia are few. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate pulmonary function variables in the adolescent obese students of management and science university (MSU) in Malaysia. Aims: 1. To evaluate the effect of obesity on pulmonary function among adolescent students of MSU. 2. To identify the association between waist circumference (WC), body mass index(BMI) and waist hip ratio with pulmonary function among adolescent students of MSU. Materials and methods: Dynamic lung functions were measured in 50 obese adolescent students of both sexes and an equal number of age-matched controls using Spirobank II MIR via Del Maggiolino125, 00155 Roma, Italy. Waist and hip circumference were measured using measuring tape. Results: There was no significant difference in mean pulmonary function parameters between obese and nonobese control group. However, some of the obese subjects had mild restriction, whereas no obstructive impairment was detected in any subject of the obese and control groups. BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference has strong negative correlation with FEV1/FVC (P < 0.01), waist hip ratio was negatively correlated to FEV1/FVC but correlation was not significant. Waist circumference has strong positive significant correlation with FVC (P < 0.001), whereas waist hip ratio has no significant correlation with any pulmonary function parameters. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study did not show a significant effect of obesity/overweight on dynamic lung volumes among adolescent of MSU. Significant negative correlation between BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference with FEV1/FVC suggest that obesity decreases FEV1/FVC ratio and obese are more prone to obstructive lung diseases.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation Training on Mechanical Ventilation Using a High-Fidelity Ventilator Mannequin for Residents and Respiratory Therapists","authors":"Y. Leigh, C. Elia, Murali Krishna, L. Taylor, Rachel Morales, Beth Kellogg, Frank Salvatore","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410108","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Simulation-based education is thought to be more effective than traditional teaching and recent studies have described its benefits on physician performance in several clinical areas. Despite this, not many studies have researched the benefits of simulation training in teaching mechanical ventilation. With that said, this study was composed to assess the approach of mannequin simulation-based training as a method to provide an interactive learning experience for residents and respiratory therapists, which could translate into better ventilator management performance. Methods: Residents and respiratory therapists were randomized into 10 groups of 4 participants and each group was presented with the clinical scenarios of ARDS and COPD using the mannequin-based ventilator simulator. A 20 question multiple choice assessment which highlighted the principles of mechanical ventilation was administered before and after the simulation training. Results: The data from the combined 40 participants was analyzed using a two-tailed paired t-test. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in scores (p-value 0.019) after mannequin based training supporting the proposed hypothesis. Conclusions: Mannequin based simulation training on mechanical ventilation can be a vital addition to traditional learning methods as demonstrated in this study. Mannequin based training does provide a more interactive learning experience which could translate into better performance. Clinical implications: Simulation training is more likely to be superior to traditional lecture based format in teaching mechanical ventilation to medical trainees (resident physicians) and respiratory therapists. Simulation can also be used to assess competency on an ongoing basis. Further studies are needed to assess how improvements in the simulation setting translates to the bedside performance and outcome measures. RESEaRCh aRTiCLE","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46966656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seric Markers and Cell Profile in Blood and Sputum in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations (AECOPD)","authors":"J. Gjerazi, E. Tashi, I. Tashi, J. Bushati","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410109","url":null,"abstract":"AECOPD have major implications on the quality of life, morbidity and mortality of COPD patients. In addition to their assessment on clinical presentation, which can be variable and difficult to predict, a large number of biomarkers are used. Inflammation increases during exacerbations of COPD and there are changes in systemic markers like CRP, IL 6 and PARC/CC18, as well as the cell structure in sputum and blood. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma biomarkers levels, sputum and hematic cell profile in patients with AECOPD. Mean concentration of serum markers studied were higher in first consultation, and significantly decreasing 21 days after. The number of cells in sputum and their structure, number of blood leucocytes has significant differences with results after 21 days. NLR resulted a reliable indicator and simple in the determining of inflammation growth. Diagnosis of AECOPD is supported by increased sputum inflammation and increased systemic inflammation as demonstrated by increased number of blood cells. IL-6, PARC/CCL-18, and CRP resulted useful for diagnosis of AECOPD and to followup stabilization. AECOPD inflammation is more evident in stage IV of the diseases.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49501608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Various Inspiratory Times and Inflation Pressures during Airway Pressure Release Ventilation","authors":"Gilmore Tim W, Walter Robert E, Hardigan Patrick C, Frilot Clifton F, Nehrenz Guy M","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410107","url":null,"abstract":"An Evaluation of Various Inspiratory Times and Inflation Pressures During Airway Pressure Release Ventilation. Introduction: There are few recommendations how best to apply certain modes of mechanical ventilation, and the application of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) requires strategic implementation of specific inspiratory (I-time) and expiratory times (E-time) and particular mean airway pressures (MAWP), neither of which is standardized. We sought to identify whether an ideal I-time or MAWP could be identified to favor more positive clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of archived electronic health record data to evaluate the clinical outcomes of adult patients that had been placed on APRV for a target of at least 8 hours. 68 adult subjects were evaluated from a convenient sample. Results: All outcomes of interest (surrogates) for shortterm clinical outcomes to include the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio, Oxygen Index (OI), Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI), and Modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (MSOFA) scores showed improvement after at least approximately 8 hours on APRV. Most notably, there was significant improvement in P/F ratio (p = 0.012) and OSI (p = 0.000). Results of regression analysis showed MAWP as a significant positive predictor of post-APRV OSI and P high as a significant positive predictor of post-APRV MSOFA score. Conclusion: In summary, it was found that settings for P high, Plow, and T low in addition to overall MAWP and Body Mass Index (BMI) had significant correlation to impact at least one of the short-term clinical outcomes measured with a lower setting for both P high and MAWP predictive of a better post-APRV OSI and MSOFA score.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44680236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), KRAS and BRAF Mutation in Non Small Cell Lung Cancers Using Biofilm Chip Based Microarray Technology","authors":"Günizi Özlem Ceren, Özbilim Gülay, Özcan Mualla","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410105","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: Günizi OC, Özbilim G, Özcan M (2019) Determination of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), KRAS and BRAF Mutation in Non Small Cell Lung Cancers Using Biofilm Chip Based Microarray Technology. Int J Respir Pulm Med 6:105. doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410105 Accepted: April 24, 2019; Published: April 26, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Günizi OC, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42704410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bronchoscopy Role for Malignant Central Airway Obstruction","authors":"León-Román Francisco, López-Jurado Alfonso López-Frías, Pintado-Cort Beatriz, A. Joaquín, M. Edwin, P. Beatriz, Barrios-Barreto Deisy","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410106","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: León-Román F, López-Jurado ALF, Pintado-Cort B, Asensio-Sánchez J, Mercedes-Noboa E, et al. (2019) The Bronchoscopy Role for Malignant Central Airway Obstruction. Int J Respir Pulm Med 6:106. doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410106 Accepted: April 24, 2019; Published: April 26, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 León-Román F, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forced Mid-Expiratory Flow Can Predict Ventilatory Limitation and Exercise Capacity","authors":"Hundal Mandeep, Ghattas Christian, Price Lori Lyn, Lacamera Peter, U. John","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exercise limitation associated with most lung diseases is multifactorial and is due to complex interactions between impaired ventilatory, cardiovascular, and peripheral muscle responses. Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) are often required to ascertain the primary cause of exercise limitation particularly in patients with multiple co-morbidities. CPETs are generally offered only at tertiary care medical centers. Objectives: To evaluate if forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) can be used to predict both reduced exercise capacity and ventilatory limitation to exercise. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed paired CPETs and spirometry tests performed on all adult patients (> 18 years of age) in the Pulmonary Physiology Laboratory at St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center between April, 2006 and April, 2016 to explore the association between spirometric parameters and ventilatory limitation to exercise. Ventilatory limitation was defined as ventilatory reserve ≤ 15% at peak exercise. We defined reduced exercise capacity as peak oxygen consumption VO(2) < 20 mL/kg/ min. Results: FEF25-75% was strongly associated with low breathing reserve (area under the ROC curve 0.81). FEF25-75% was also significantly associated with the combined outcome of low ventilatory reserve and reduced exercise capacity. The area under the ROC curve was 0.86 (p < 0.0001) suggesting excellent predictive ability. In patients with FEV25-75% ≥ 40%, exercise limitation was much more commonly non-ventilatory in nature. In patients with mid-expiratory flow, FEV25-75% ≤ 20%, nearly 7 of 10 patients had ventilatory limitations to exercise. OriGinal researCh artiCle","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46384856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Rhinitis and Asthma in the Textile Sector of the Central Region of Tunisia","authors":"M. Maoua, A. Gaddour, H. Rouis, I. Kacem, S. Guedri, S. Aissa, M. Ghammem, W. Boughattas, A. Brahem, H. Kalboussi, O. Maalel, S. Chatti, N. Mrizak","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410088","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The association between occupational asthma (OA) and occupational allergic rhinitis (OAR) is often described in the literature supporting the concept of “United airways disease” based on a parallel significant reaction of the nose and lungs after challenges with occupational agents and involving several occupational, host-related and environmental factors and thus exacerbating the medical and socio-economic impact of the OR. In Tunisia, only limited studies were carried out to explore association between OA and OR. Objectives: Assess the incidence and prevalence of OR among workers in the textile sector, to determine their socioprofessional characteristics, and to study the association between this pathology and OA. Material and methods: We carried out a descriptive epidemiological study about charts of occupational allergic rhinitis cases in the textile sector recognized by the competent commissions of the National Medical Care Fund (CNAM) in the region of the Tunisian center during the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31, 2012. Results: One hundred seventy-three cases of OAR declared in the central region of Tunisia were enrolled in the study during the study period representing a prevalence of 3.9% of all occupational diseases, recognized during this same period. Our study population was mainly women with a mean age of 40 ± 8.32 years. The mean delay of respiratory complaints onset was of 13.46 years. The average duration of OR evolution before it is reported to CNAM was of 5.13 years. Rhinitis was isolated in 34.10% of the cases. The association between OA and OR was present among 59.5% of the cases. Rhinitis symptoms preceded asthma symptoms in most of the cases (96.12%). According to the results of rhinomanometry, 40.5% of OR (i.e. n = 70) were severe. Most of reported OR cases were attributable to Vegetable textile dusts. After multiple binary logistic regression, the association was 2.29 times more frequent in the subjects aged more than 39 years (IC at 95% [1.08 4.86]) and 3.22 times more frequent in subjects poorly or not skilled (IC at 95% [1.38 7.5] (p = 0.05)). Conclusion: Our study is the first one to evaluate the association between rhinitis and asthma among workers in the textile sector in Tunisia. The standard profile of our cases reporting allergic occupational rhinitis is a young unskilled worker in the textile sector. There is a strong association between OAR and OA. A rigorous and adequate prevention is necessary and allows reducing the importance of these occupational pathologies and their serious consequences.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47244171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}