International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Presence of a Hernia Sac Does Not Impact Lung Perfusion in CDH","authors":"Ramaraj Akila B, Jensen Guy, Kinghorn Bre Anna, Stark Rebecca A","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410161","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: There are variable long-term pulmonary outcomes of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Diagnostic modalities evaluating pulmonary function can be limited by patient compliance. Pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy is a diagnostic tool to evaluate lung development in younger children. Presence of a hernia sac is known to correlate with less severe disease but little has been reported on any correlation with lung size and function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between presence of a hernia sac, pulmonary perfusion and CDH defect size. Methods: Records of all children treated for CDH at our institution from January 2009 to December 2018 were reviewed. A subset of these children underwent lung perfusion scintigraphy. We hypothesized that the presence of a hernia sac would affect future perfusion studies. We assessed this with two linear regression models. Results: One hundred thirty-three children were treated for CDH over 10 years. Twenty-nine children (22%) underwent pulmonary scintigraphy, 9 of whom (31%) had a hernia sac. There was no correlation between hernia sac presence and improved perfusion (R2 = 0.005, p = 0.7). There was a correlation between area of the defect (cm2), and perfusion difference between the two lungs (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.05). When adjusting for presence of the hernia sac, the fit of the model was unchanged (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.05). Conclusions: As expected, there is a correlation between CDH defect size and lung perfusion. However, presence of a hernia sac did not impact lung function as determined by perfusion scintigraphy.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68748403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Case Series","authors":"D. Alex, Patel Dolly, Sayedy Najia, I. Javed, Anjum Fatima Anjum","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45557993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Intermediate Respiratory Care Units in Preventing ICU Collapse during the COVID Pandemic","authors":"S. Heili, María del Pilar Carballosa de Miguel, Alba Naya Prieto, Itziar Fernández Ormaechea, Farah Ezzine de Blas, P. L. Yeste, F. L. D. Hierro, Ainhoa Izquierdo Pérez, Marwan Mohamed Choukri, Herminia Ortiz Mayoral, A. Debek, A. G. Velando, M. Guzmán, Elena Cabezas Pastor, P. Mínguez, I. M. Fernández, Antonio Herrero González, L. Fuente, L. J. Hiscock, Sandra Pelícano Vizuete, R. Fernández, María José Checa Venegas, G. P. Romero","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-52228/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-52228/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction : There is limited information describing features and outcomes of patients requiring Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit (IRCU) hospitalization for COVID19 disease and as of yet, no mechanical or medical treatments have clearly demonstrated efficacy in IRCU. Methods : Demographics and clinical variables on admission, as well as medical and mechanical therapeutic interventions, were extracted from Electronic Clinical Records in 274 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients attending a third level hospital IRCU. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, variables that best discriminated mortality were obtained. Principal components analysis and a neural network (NN) algorithm were applied. Results : In relation to respiratory support, high-flow oxygen therapy and weaning procedures were associated with survival as were CPAP and non-invasive ventilation with low levels of support among the most severely affected. The IRCU achieved a survival rate of 87.6%, avoided 178 ICU admissions, successfully referred 35% to the ICU, and of these, 94% later survived the weaning phase. Higher mortality incidence was associated with cardiac and respiratory diseases and fever, heart rhythm and blood pressure disturbances. Following analysis of specific therapeutic options Corticoids and Anticoagulants were associated with better outcomes. Conclusions : The IRCU prevented the collapse of the ICU, allowed for recovered ICU patients to be quickly released from their unit, thus freeing up critical care beds and permitting them to function more effectively and in terms of mortality, achieved good results, that did not worsen due to a possible delay in intubation. In addition, we have generated an open-access NN capable of identifying severity predictors of SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43167142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Bronchoscopy Tent for the Pandemic Proceduralist","authors":"Recker Tom","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410139","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: Recker T, Gross TJ (2020) Protective Bronchoscopy Tent for the Pandemic Proceduralist. Int J Respir Pulm Med 7:139. doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410139 Accepted: August 11, 2020; Published: August 13, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Recker T, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43912078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effusions Everywhere","authors":"Maximos Robert, Glass Lisa N","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410134","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: Maximos R, Glass LN (2020) Effusions Everywhere. Int J Respir Pulm Med 7:134. doi. org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410134 Accepted: June 24, 2020; Published: June 26, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Maximos R, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46898940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A Retrospective 5-Year Review","authors":"Ghammo Hosam, Mitha Mohammed, Connolly Catherine, Nyamande Kennedy","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410132","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The demographic distribution, symptom profile and treatment outcomes in Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) has not been well described in South Africa due to a paucity of data. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the demographic profile of the disease, symptom and radiological presentation, as well as treatments used and their outcomes at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH), a specialised public government hospital treating the majority of patients with RA-ILD in the province of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Methods: This was a retrospective electronic chart review of 61 patients who were diagnosed with RA-ILD between January 2010 and December 2015 at IALCH pulmonology clinic. Demographic data, symptom presentation, Pulmonary function testing (PFT), High resolution computerised tomography (HRCT) features and treatment modalities were analysed as well as outcome based on symptoms, PFT and HRCT. Results: There were 61 subjects, the majority being female (90.2%). Approximately 86.9% were 50 years and older. The majority of the subjects were ethnic Indian 72.1% (n = 44), followed by Black Africans 23% (n = 14) and then Whites 4.9% (n = 3). All patients were HIV negative. 90% of patients had a restrictive lung function test. The commonest HRCT pattern was a usual interstitial pneumonia. Patients treated with a combination of prednisone and azathioprine had a decline in forced vital capacity (p value 0.04). There was no improvement or deterioration in patients treated with either drug alone. Conclusion: The management of RA-ILD is still a challenge. The combination of azathioprine and prednisone did not arrest disease progression in our study while either agent alone did not improve clinical and lung function parameters. Large randomised control studies are needed to further elucidate optimal management.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41437793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valproic Acid in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19","authors":"Shweta Singh, Krishna K Singh","doi":"10.22541/au.158931086.64128149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158931086.64128149","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a serious threat to global public health. Respiratory failure followed by cardiovascular complications with wide-spread endothelial dysfunction and inflammation is rapidly emerging as a key threat in COVID-19. ACE-2 receptors are the cell-entry gate for SARS-CoV-2. Valproic Acid (VPA) is a proposed potential drug to treat COVID-19 but its mechanism of action is not well understood. We demonstrate that VPA-treatment significantly reduced ACE-2 expression in endothelial cells. VPA-treatment significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 along with the endothelial activation marker ICAM-1. We provide evidence and discuss the plausible mechanism in detail for VPA use to prevent and treat COVID-19 in a personalized manner. Our study is expected to entice the scientific and clinical society to investigate VPA as a potential therapeutic option against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47844606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Chest Drain Insertion – Considerations for a Pleural Service","authors":"Y. Liu, Z. Goh, L. Beckert","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.24157/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.24157/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aim:\u0000To review local chest drain insertions, the indications, use of fibrinolytics, and the success rate of talc pleurodesis in a tertiary hospital in New Zealand.\u0000 \u0000Methods:\u0000This is an observational study of all patients requiring chest drain insertion in the respiratory unit in Christchurch Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. We analysed patient characteristics, type of drain inserted, and the nature of pleural fluid. We report the success of fibrinolytic therapy for empyema and pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions.\u0000 \u0000Results:\u0000A total of 486 chest drains were inserted for 333 patients, with a median age of 69 years. The majority of patients were male (60%) and 259 drains (53.3%) were inserted on the right. The main indications for chest drain insertion were malignant pleural effusions (50.5%), non-malignant pleural fluid (33.6%) and pneumothorax (17.7%). Most drains inserted were of small caliber; they were 12 French (Fr) (62.4%), central venous catheters to drain the pleural space (14.2%), and indwelling pleural catheters (10.9%). Talc slurry pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions was used in 40 cases with a success rate of 75%.\u0000In the 41 cases of empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions (CPE), 29 organisms were cultured. The majority of organisms identified were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Fibrinolytics were used in 26 cases (52%) of empyema and CPE. Of the 22 patients who required surgical intervention, only two had prior fibrinolytic therapy for empyema / CPE.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion:\u0000Small bore catheters were used in Christchurch in keeping with international guidelines. The success rate of talc slurry pleurodesis and fibrinolytic therapy was in keeping with international experience.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42183452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaping Associated Lung Illness: A Case Series","authors":"Sesti Joanna, Quintiliani Safiyya, Minerowicz Christine, Garg Delyse, Martin Shabiah, A. Karim, Guerrieri Claudio, Hussain Sabiha, M. Christina, P. Pratik, Linder Marc, A. Thiruvengadam, Paul Subroto","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410129","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, also known as vaping, has gained popularity among young adults. It has been promoted as a safer alternative to conventional cigarette smoking. Recent reports, however, have linked e-cigarette use to lung dysfunction. We report a series of four patients who were recently treated within our hospital system for vaping associated lung illness (VALI). All four were young, healthy individuals with no significant past medical histories. Lung biopsies were performed on three of these patients and the results are reviewed in the article. All patients were treated with high dose steroids once cultures were finalized and no infectious etiology was detected. Recovery of lung function was seen after treatment in all cases.","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44801422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and Incidence of Pharyngeal Candidiasis in Patients Undergoing Bronchoscopy","authors":"O. Victor, A. Sardar, A. Junaid","doi":"10.23937/2378-3516/1410124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3516/1410124","url":null,"abstract":"Candidiasis is a type of fungal infection that often spreads to the skin, mouth, throat, esophagus, and vagina. It is caused by the build-up of yeast called Candida [1]. There are multiple types of Candida that can be infective agents, with C. albicans being the most prevalent. When it spreads to the mouth and throat, it is called thrush or otherwise known as Oropharyngeal Candidiasis [1,2]. In this retrospective study, the frequency of candidiasis in the “throat” (pharyngeal), was examined exclusively in 1255 patients who underwent bronchoscopy. Most of the findings of pharyngeal candidiasis were incidental. The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate whether or not age was a factor in the occurrence of pharyngeal candidiasis in patients undergoing bronchoscopy. The age of the sample ranged from 18-95 years. It was found that the lowest incidence of pharyngeal candidiasis was at age’s ≤ 25 (0.2%). Moreover, at ages 26 to 50 years there was a moderate chance of having the condition (9.3%). As well between ages 76-100 years, there was slightly more incidence (16.1%). The highest incidence of presenting pharyngeal candidiasis was between ages 51-75 years (39.2%). Furthermore, additional study is required before confirming a link between age and pharyngeal candidiasis. OriginAl Article","PeriodicalId":91516,"journal":{"name":"International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}