BMC Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Respiratory abnormalities in sarcoidosis: physiopathology and early diagnosis using oscillometry combined with respiratory modeling.","authors":"Bruno Falcão Oliveira, Caroline Oliveira Ribeiro, Cíntia Moraes de Sá Sousa, Mariana Carneiro Lopes, Agnaldo José Lopes, Pedro Lopes de Melo","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03510-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03510-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic syndrome of uncertain etiology with abnormal respiratory findings in approximately 90% of cases. Spirometry is the most common lung function test used for assessing lung function in diagnosis and monitoring pulmonary health. Respiratory oscillometry allows a simple alternative for the analysis of respiratory abnormalities. Integer-order and fractional-order modeling have increasingly been used to interpret measurements obtained from oscillometry, offering a detailed description of the respiratory system. In this study, we aimed to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiological changes in sarcoidosis and assess the diagnostic accuracy of these models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study includes 25 controls and 50 individuals with sarcoidosis divided into normal to spirometry (SNS) and abnormal spirometry (SAS). The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by investigating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The integer-order model showed significant airway and total resistance increases in the SNS and SAS groups. There was a reduction in compliance and an increase in peripheral resistance in the SAS group (p < 0.001). The fractional-order model showed increased energy dissipation and hysteresivity in the SNS and SAS groups. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations among model and spirometric parameters, where the strongest associations were between total resistance and FEV₁ (r: -0.600, p = 0.0001). The diagnostic accuracy analysis showed that total resistance and hysteresivity were the best parameters, reaching an AUC = 0.986 and 0.938 in the SNS and SAS groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The studied models provided a deeper understanding of pulmonary mechanical changes in sarcoidosis. The results suggest that parameters obtained through the studied models enhance evaluation and enable better management of these patients. Specifically, total resistance and hysteresivity parameters demonstrated diagnostic potential, which may be beneficial for the early identification of individuals with sarcoidosis, even when spirometry results are within normal ranges.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerability and efficacy of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease treatment in elderly patients.","authors":"Kyota Shinfuku, Hiromichi Hara, Keitaro Okuda, Hanae Miyagawa, Naoki Takasaka, Takeo Ishikawa, Jun Araya","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03504-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03504-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is considered to be increasing worldwide. In Japan, the number of elderly MAC-PD patients requiring treatment is also expected to increase due to the aging society. However, reduced organ function in elderly patients makes it often difficult to continue or complete multidrug treatment due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Therefore, this study aimed to identify clinical factors associated with treatment tolerability, efficacy, and ADRs in elderly MAC-PD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 102 patients with MAC-PD aged ≥ 75 years between January 2014 and March 2023. Forty-six patients were treated with multidrug regimens (treatment group), and 56 were observed without treatment (observation group). The treatment group was divided into the treatment continuation group (n = 28) who were treated without interruption for ≥ 12 months, and the treatment interruption group (n = 18). A comparative study was conducted in each group to examine tolerability, efficacy, and ADRs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A two-drug regimen of ethambutol (EB) and macrolides without rifampicin (RFP) was associated with treatment continuation (p = 0.026). The treatment continuation group was superior to the observation group regarding symptoms change, sputum conversion rate, and chest computed tomography scores. The most common ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders, which may be related to RFP. Treatment efficacy of the two-drug regimen was non-inferior, and no cases of macrolide resistance were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The two-drug regimen of EB and macrolide without RFP may be a tolerable and effective treatment for elderly MAC-PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of confirmed difficult pulmonary tuberculosis based on the hybrid capture-based tNGS method.","authors":"Weiqian Chen, Huimin Chen, Ze Liu, Xinle Chi, Yaomeng Chen, Huan Ye, Wenjie Huang, Chenlei Cao, Wei Weng","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03539-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03539-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis can greatly reduce the harm caused by the disease. However, traditional diagnostic methods have various shortcomings in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. Currently, with the increasing popularity, iteration, and decreasing costs of Next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing technology, NGS is being more widely applied in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 29-year-old male presented with \"fever accompanied by cough for more than 20 days.\" Multiple chest CT scans revealed progressive enlargement of the right hilar lymph nodes and thickening of the interlobular septa in the right upper lobe. Routine testing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, search for tuberculosis bacilli, bacterial and fungal cultures, X-pert MTB/RIF, and multiplex PCR-based targeted Next-generation sequencing (mp-tNGS) results were all inconclusive. Finally, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was sent for hybrid capture-based targeted Next-generation sequencing (hc-tNGS) testing, and special staining of the enlarged lymph nodes confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The hc-tNGS has significant value in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in cases that are difficult to detect with other methods. In the future, this could gradually become a routine diagnostic method for pulmonary tuberculosis, enhancing the accuracy of early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of medical thoracoscopy combined with fibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema.","authors":"Feng-Fu Zhan, Mao-Hong Huang, Yan-Ping Du, Yan Chen, Han-Han Chen, Yi-Li Lin, Yi-Yuan Chen, Ling Cai, Xiao-Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03530-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03530-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and feasibility of medical thoracoscopy combined with fibrinolytic therapy for the treatment of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema, with a focus on therapeutic outcomes and recovery duration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 108 patients treated at Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, between January 2015 and May 2024. Patients were categorized into two groups: the medical thoracoscopy group (n = 33) and the traditional treatment group (n = 75). The thoracoscopy group underwent thoracoscopic adhesiolysis and loculation breakdown, followed by intrapleural urokinase administration. The traditional treatment group received pleural catheter drainage combined with urokinase therapy. Primary outcomes included changes in inflammatory markers (white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin), imaging outcomes (resolution of pleural effusion, pulmonary inflammation, and the incidence of pleural thickening at three months), pulmonary function assessed by forced vital capacity (FVC), and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes encompassed the duration of postoperative fever, drainage time, intravenous antibiotic use, complication rates, initial treatment failure, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups demonstrated significant reductions in inflammatory markers post-treatment (P < 0.05). Pleural effusion resolution, pulmonary inflammation reduction, and the incidence of pleural thickening at three months were comparable between the groups (P > 0.05). Improvements in FVC were observed in both groups, with significantly greater gains in the thoracoscopy group (P < 0.05). No in-hospital mortality was reported. Compared to the traditional treatment group, the thoracoscopy group exhibited significantly lower postoperative inflammatory marker levels (P < 0.05), alongside shorter durations of postoperative fever, pleural drainage, intravenous antibiotic use, and hospital stay (all P < 0.05). The thoracoscopy group also had a significantly lower initial treatment failure rate (P < 0.05). Complication rates and hospitalization costs were comparable between the groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medical thoracoscopy combined with fibrinolytic therapy offers significant advantages in the management of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema. This approach effectively enhances inflammation control, improves pulmonary function, and accelerates recovery time without compromising safety or increasing costs, underscoring its potential for broader clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world pharmacovigilance analysis unveils the toxicity profile of amivantamab targeting EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations in non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Wenjie Li","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03509-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03509-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While clinical trials have demonstrated enduring responses to amivantamab among advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients bearing EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, the associated toxicity profile in real-world scenarios remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pharmacovigilance study analyzed data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to investigate adverse events associated with amivantamab over the period from September 2021 to December 2023. A comprehensive disproportionality analysis was performed, employing the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM), and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network to calculate information components (ICs), to identify statistically significant adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant proportion of adverse events (AEs) was attributable to injury, poisoning, and procedural complications, cutaneous disorders, respiratory ailments, infections, as well as vascular and lymphatic system disturbances. There were noteworthy incidences of AEs including infusion-related reactions, rash, dyspnea, pneumonitis, paronychia, pulmonary embolism, thrombocytopenia, nausea, acneiform dermatitis, deep vein thrombosis, febrile neutropenia, peripheral edema, hypokalemia, and neutropenia. Furthermore, the majority of AEs occurred within the first month following the initiation of amivantamab treatment, accounting for 51.74% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reversibility of amivantamab-related toxicities suggests its promising utility in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomographic features of lung damage associate with D-Dimer levels and further clinical outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19.","authors":"Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca, José Fernando Flores-Zaleta, Leslie Andrea Corona-Rojas, Pablo Guzmán-Rullán, Luis Alfonso Camacho-Barajas, Uzziel Aguilera-Ontiveros, Alberto Melchor-López, Alejandro González-Mora, Perla Marlene Guzmán-Ramírez, Janicia Rodríguez-Solis","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03531-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03531-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid progression of symptoms and development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) frequently occurred during COVID-19 pandemic, while CT-Scan was useful to assess severity of lung damage, with classic patterns like early Ground Glass Opacity and/or late consolidation. Likewise, lung injury has been related to activation of the coagulation-fibrinolysis systems and pro-inflammatory mediators; where D-Dimer acquires prognostic relevance. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the extent of lung involvement and pattern of lung injury, as determined by chest CT-scan, are related with D-Dimer; and further impact clinical prognosis in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Longitudinal, prospective, observational, multi-center study. Patients diagnosed with ARDS due to COVID-19, without previous lung damage, clotting disorder and/or anticoagulants use, who were attended at the Intensive Care Unit and Internal Medicine Department from March to June 2020. Tomographic extent of lung involvement was analyzed by image software, as well as damage patterns, assessed by experienced radiologists. Endpoints included relation of lung injury with coagulopathy markers like D-Dimer, and prognostic outcome including mortality, mechanical ventilation and hospitalization time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-hundred and four patients mean aged 55 years old, 66% males, main comorbidities obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Larger lung damage was associated with older age, male gender and higher pro-inflammatory mediators like leukocytes and ferritin; whilst consolidation pattern was related to higher Body Mass Index. Higher values of D-Dimer were related either to a larger extent of lung involvement or late consolidation pattern. In addition, the extent of lung involvement was related with longer hospital stay, higher requirement of mechanical ventilation (HR 0.12, p < 0.01) and mortality rate (HR 0.13, p < 0.01); whereas late consolidation was mainly associated with requirement of mechanical ventilation (HR 0.23, p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tomographic extent of lung involvement and the pattern of lung injury are related with coagulopathy severity markers like D-Dimer, and own prognostic clinical ability in ARDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood dust effects on carpenters pulmonary function test parameters: a comparative study.","authors":"Noura Mohamed Elfatih, Ibrahim Abdelrhim Ali, Muaath Ahmed Mohammed, Izzut Awad Ahmed, Nouralsalhin Abdalhamid Alaagib, Omer Abdelaziz Musa","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03535-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03535-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have investigated the effects of wood dust on carpenters, who are frequently exposed to this hazardous material. This study aimed to determine the effects of wood dust exposure on carpenters pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative cross-sectional community-based study included 130 participants; a group of carpenters and a matched cohort. Standard techniques were used to measure each participant's force vital capacity (FVC), force expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Statistical tests were employed to investigate different variables. A P value of < 0.05 is considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carpenters had a mean age of 51.6 ± 19.9 years, whereas the matched cohort had a mean age of 49.8 ± 13.9 years. Approximately 23 (35.4%) carpenters experienced respiratory problems. Carpenters had significantly lower FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC%, and PEFR values than the matched cohort (P < 0.001). Additionally, the association between the carpenters duration of exposure to wood dust and their PFT values showed a significant statistical difference (P < 0.05). Likewise, the correlation between the duration of exposure to wood dust and their PFT values was significant (< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Wood Dust's Effects on carpenters' respiratory systems are worth further discussion. Awareness campaigns should be undertaken to educate carpenters about lung health and preventative measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference values for the 1-minute sit-to-stand test to assess functional capacity and short-term mortality in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic connective tissue related interstitial lung diseases: a prospective real-world cohort study.","authors":"Meng-Yun Tsai, Kuo-Tung Huang, Chiann-Yi Hsu, Yi-Hsuan Yu, Pin-Kuei Fu","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03521-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03521-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early identification of functional decline in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD) is crucial for timely treatment and improved survival. While the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is the standard for functional evaluation, it has practical limitations. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1MSTS) offers a simpler alternative; however, its correlation with the 6MWT in F-ILD patients remains unclear. This study aims to establish reference values for the 1MSTS in assessing functional capacity, evaluate its correlation with the 6MWT, and explore its utility in predicting 18-month mortality in F-ILD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study enrolled participants diagnosed with F-ILD based on multidisciplinary team discussions. Assessments included the 1MSTS, 6MWT, pulmonary function test (PFT), GAP score, mMRC scale, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The association between 1MSTS repetitions and other variables was calculated using Spearman's rho. Bland-Altman plots assessed the agreement between 1MSTS repetitions and the 6MWT. Predictors of 18-month mortality were evaluated using ROC curve and Kaplan-Meier curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 150 F-ILD patients, 37 (24.6%) had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and 113 (75.4%) had connective tissue disease-related ILD (CTD-ILD). Using ≤ 23 repetitions as the cutoff for functional impairment in 1MSTS, 74 (47.3%) patients were classified as impaired. The 1MSTS significantly predicted 18-month mortality and demonstrated moderate correlations with GAP score (rs = -0.49), mMRC scale (rs = -0.47), and 6MWT distance (rs = 0.65). Bland-Altman analysis indicated agreement between 1MSTS repetitions and 6MWT distance. Using ≤ 23 repetitions as the cutoff value for the 1MSTS to predict 18-month mortality, the mortality rate was 76.4%, with an AUC of 0.81.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that ≤ 23 repetitions in the 1MSTS can serve as an indicator of functional impairment, demonstrate a good correlation with 6MWT distance, and effectively predict 18-month mortality in patients with F-ILD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia.","authors":"Lianghui Chen, Yazhen Chen, Fansen Lin, Jianbao Wang, Hongzhi Gao, Yuqi Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03519-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03519-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is a type of lung inflammation caused by the aspiration of food, oropharyngeal secretions, or gastric contents. This condition is particularly common in older adults and individuals with impaired swallowing or consciousness. While the diagnosis of AP relies on clinical history, swallowing assessments, and imaging, these methods have significant limitations, often leading to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. Reliable biomarkers for AP diagnosis are lacking, making early detection and treatment challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen patients diagnosed with pneumonia were included in this study, divided into two groups: AP (n = 10) and non-AP (n = 9). Biological fluid samples, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), saliva, serum, sputum, and urine, were analyzed using non-targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Differential metabolites were identified using fold change analysis, statistical significance, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between selected metabolites and clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant metabolic differences were found between AP and non-AP patients, with many different metabolites identified across biological fluids. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Androstenediol-3-sulfate (ADIOLS), and beta-muricholic acid were identified as key biomarkers through fold change analysis and ROC curve analysis, showing consistent increasing or decreasing trends in BALF, sputum, and serum samples. DHEAS was found to be negatively correlated with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (r = - 0.619, p = 0.005) in BALF sample. The area under curve (AUC) values showed that these molecules could serve as effective biomarkers for AP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies DHEAS, ADIOLS and beta-muricholic acid as promising biomarkers for AP, with the potential to improve early diagnosis and treatment. These findings underscore the clinical value of metabolomics in developing diagnostic tools for AP, facilitating better clinical management and patient outcomes. Further research is required to validate these biomarkers in larger cohorts and explore their mechanistic roles in AP pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis, screening, and follow-up of patients with familial interstitial lung disease: Results from an international survey.","authors":"Emil Vilstrup Moen, Thomas Skovhus Prior, Michael Kreuter, Wim A Wuyts, Maria Molina-Molina, Marlies Wijsenbeek, Antonió Morais, Argyrios Tzouvelekis, Christopher J Ryerson, Fabian Caro, Ivette Buendia-Roldan, Jesper M Magnusson, Joyce S Lee, Julie Morisett, Justin M Oldham, Lauren K Troy, Manuela Funke-Chambour, Maria Laura Alberti, Raphael Borie, Simon L F Walsh, Sujeet Rajan, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Yet H Khor, Elisabeth Bendstrup","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03532-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03532-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advances in the field of genetics of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have led to the recent consensus statements made by expert groups. International standards for genetic testing in ILD have not yet been established. We aimed to examine current real-world strategies employed by pulmonologists working with familial ILD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A panel of pulmonologists with expertise in ILD developed an international survey aimed at clinicians working with ILD. The survey consisted of 74 questions divided into eight topics: characteristics of respondents, diagnosis, screening of first-degree relatives, screening tools, genetic testing methods, lung transplantation, ethical concerns, and future needs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 237 pulmonologists from 50 countries participated. A family history of ILD was asked for by 91% of respondents while fewer asked for symptoms related to telomere disorders. Respondents stated that 59% had access to genetic testing, and 30% to a genetic multidisciplinary team (MDT). Many respondents were unaware of specific genetic testing methods. Pathogenic genetic variants were seen as a potential contraindication for lung transplantation in 6-8% of respondents. Genetic screening of relatives was supported by 80% of respondents who indicated insufficient evidence and a lack of formal guidelines for genetics and ILD. Only 16% had a standardized program.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most pulmonologists ask for a family history of ILD and recommend genetic testing for ILD and screening in relatives but have limited knowledge of specific tests and access to genetic MDT. Evidence-based guidelines to inform patients, relatives, and physicians are still warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}