BMC Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Causal relationship between gut microbiota and pneumonia: a Mendelian randomization and retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Pengfei Huang, Yanqi Liu, Nana Li, Qianqian Zhang, Yinghao Luo, Yuxin Zhang, Yuxin Zhou, Wenjing Mu, Mengyao Yuan, Yuhan Liu, Yu Xin, Hongxu Li, Yahui Peng, Xibo Wang, Mingyan Zhao, Kaijiang Yu, Changsong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03899-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03899-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between microbiota and the gut-lung axis has been extensively studied in both experimental and epidemiological contexts. However, it is still unclear whether the gut microbiome plays a causal role in the development of pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study initially identified the genetic instruments in the gut microbiota GWAS across phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels. Pneumonia data were sourced from the open GWAS project of the Integrated Epidemiology Group (IEU). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis employed several methods such as inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger, with Cochran's Q were calculated to assess heterogeneity via IVW and MR-Egger. Additionally, MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger intercepts were utilized to mitigate horizontal pleiotropy. A retrospective case-control study collected anal swab samples from severe pneumonia patients on the 1st and 3rd days after ICU admission. Samples were analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) and PERMANOVA analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven potential causal relationships between the gut microbiome and pneumonia (critical care), as well as nine potential causal relationships between the gut microbiome and pneumonia (28-day death in critical care) were identified. By integrating the results of PERMANOVA analysis with Mendelian randomization analysis, we were able to determine a negative correlation between genus Akkermansia and lactate levels, as well as length of ICU days in patients with septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Moreover, we found a potential negative causal relationship between the genus Akkermansia and pneumonia (28-day death in critical care) (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22-0.79, P = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our Mendelian randomization analysis has provided evidence for a potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and pneumonia. Furthermore, we observed that the genus Akkermansia may decrease the risk of pneumonia (28-day death in critical care), as observed in septic ARDS patients which Akkermansia could reduce ICU days and lactate levels. These findings provide valuable insights into the gut-lung axis and have the latent to inform future research in this field.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html , ChiCTR2300075450).</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in tuberculosis-related mortality among adults 35-85 years old in the United States, 1999 to 2022: a nationwide analysis.","authors":"Olivia Foley, Natalie Perme, Taylor Billion, Abubakar Tauseef, Renuga Vivekenandan","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03931-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03931-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant cause of mortality in the United States (US), impairing individual health and causing national financial burden. Although TB-related mortality has declined in recent years, a variety of factors still make TB difficult to prevent, necessitating further analysis of which demographic groups are most impacted by TB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trends in TB-related mortality in individuals aged 35 to 85 + years in the US from 1999 to 2022 were analyzed utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. Following data collection, age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) and average annual percent change (AAPC) in TB-related mortality were examined. Data was further stratified by sex, race, age, region, and locality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1999 and 2022, there were 26,600 deaths related to TB in the US. Overall TB-related mortality significantly declined between 1999 and 2022 (AAPC, -3.95%). Males had consistently higher AAMR than females, with 16,741 deaths among males and 9,859 deaths among females. All racial groups, including Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African American, White, and Hispanic or Latino individuals experienced significant declines in mortality (AAPC, -3.24%, -5.75%, -3.83%, -4.70%, respectively). Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African American, and Hispanic or Latino patients had consistently higher AAMR than White patients between 1999 and 2022, however. Individuals older than 65 experienced significantly higher AAMR than younger individuals. South and West regions had higher AAMR than Northeast and Midwest regions, with the West and South experiencing the smallest and largest declines in mortality that were statistically significant, respectively (AAPC, -3.04%, -4.66%). TB-related mortality was higher in urban areas, with 20,680 deaths compared to 3,707 deaths in rural areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although TB-related mortality has declined in the US overall, this improvement has not been experienced equally by all demographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of periglottic oxygen fraction, tracheal oxygen fraction and safe apnea time under different apneic oxygenation techniques: a randomised non-inferiority controlled study.","authors":"Weilian Geng, Changxing Chen, Yaobing Chen, Xiaojuan Yu, Xinhua Yu, Shaoqiang Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03934-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03934-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Apneic oxygenation prolongs safe apnea time and reduces hypoxemia risk during airway management. The primary objective of this study was to compare the safe apnea time among various techniques, while the secondary objective was to evaluate intergroup differences in periglottic and tracheal oxygen fractions (FgO₂ and FtO₂).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, non-inferiority trial enrolled 125 participants, assigned to five groups: modified nasopharyngeal airway with 10 L/min oxygen (Naso group), nasal cannula oxygenation at 2 L/min (L2 group), 5 L/min (L5 group), and 10 L/min (L10 group), and a control group without supplemental oxygen (L0 group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The success rate in the L10 group was lower than that in the Naso group (82.6% vs. 95.7%; risk difference, -13.0%; 95%CI: -27.8% to 1.7%), and non-inferiority was not established, but had similar safe apnea times (15 [15 to 15] min vs 15 [15 to 15] min, P = 0.138).The L10 group demonstrated superior performance compared to the L0, L2, and L5 groups terms of achieving a safe apnea time of 15 min (82.6% vs 0、8.7% and 43.5%,respectively; P < 0.001). At all measured time points,FgO₂ and FtO₂ in the L10 group were lower than those in the Naso group, but higher than those in the L0, L2 and L5 groups (P < 0.001). FgO₂ at the end of the apnea was positively correlated with safe apnea time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nasal cannula at 10 L/min, along with the modified nasopharyngeal airway, was associated with longer safe apnea times and relatively higher FgO₂ and FtO₂ levels. Higher oxygen flow rates were associated with increased FgO₂, FtO₂, and longer safe apnea duration.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University (2022-197) on January 9, 2023. The study was registered on ChiCTR (ChiCTR2300067642) on January 16, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum metabolic disparity between patients with lymph node tuberculosis and patients with sarcoidosis: towards differential diagnosis.","authors":"Alok Nath, Sachin Yadav, Kritika Singh, Vikas Agarwal, Ajmal Khan, Zia Hashim, Mansi Gupta, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03756-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03756-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and hypothesis: </strong>Sarcoidosis (SAR) and lymph-node tuberculosis (LNTB) are granulomatous diseases that present diagnostic challenges, especially in TB-endemic regions. We hypothesized that serum-metabolic profiles would help in differentiating SARs from LNTBs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify serum metabolic biomarkers to distinguish SAR from LNTB using NMR-based metabolomics analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples were collected from 26 SAR and 22 LNTB patients. The serum metabolic profiles were measured using 800 MHz NMR spectroscopy and quantified using the commercial software CHENOMX. The serum metabolic profiles were compared using multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and potential discriminatory metabolites were identified using variable importance in projection (VIP) scores and subsequently evaluated for statistical significance using a volcano plot. The diagnostic potential of the discriminatory metabolites was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PLS-DA demonstrated significant metabolic disparity between the SAR and LNTB groups. The key metabolic features identified included elevated levels of glutamate, pyroglutamate, acetate, and leucine and a decreased glutamate-to-glutamine ratio (EQR) and decreased levels of glutamine, pyruvate, and myo-inositol in TB patients. These metabolic changes suggest that TB-infection involves activated glutaminolysis and elevated host lipid metabolism. ROC curve analysis revealed several metabolites with high diagnostic potential (AUC > 0.8), including glutamate, pyroglutamate, and glutamine (AUC > 0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of serum metabolic profiling as a noninvasive tool for distinguishing SARs from LNTBs. However, further studies are imperative to validate these findings on independent patient cohorts and to facilitate their integration into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Guangchen Pu, Guangmin Nong, Qing Wei, Yunyan He, Wenguang Jia, Zhenhao Lu, Guosheng Qiu, Jun Xie, Xun Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03925-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03925-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a late-onset complication that significantly impairs patients' quality of life and is associated with a high mortality rate. Currently, the risk factors for BOS after HSCT remain controversial. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify potential risk factors associated with BOS after HSCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three primary medical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) were exhaustively reviewed from their inception through November 2024 to assess contributing factors for BOS occurrence following HSCT. Data synthesis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 for meta-analytic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies involving 10,317 HSCT recipients were included, 778 of whom developed BOS. Female sex (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.47; p = 0.003), ABO blood group incompatibility (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.81; p = 0.01), peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.64; p = 0.02), myeloablative conditioning (MAC) (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.16; p = 0.0008), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.23; p = 0.01), grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.77; p = 0.004), and extrapulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) (OR = 11.69; 95% CI: 5.29, 25.82; p < 0.00001) were associated with an increased risk of BOS after HSCT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Female sex, ABO blood group incompatibility, PBSCT, MAC, aGVHD (especially grade II-IV), and extrapulmonary cGVHD are associated with an increased risk of BOS after HSCT.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42024609569.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals cross-species conserved core genes and pathways in alveolar macrophages during ALI/ARDS.","authors":"Aguo Li, Kenqi Zhang, Hongyan Wang, Jianhua Li, Yeping Yao, Yong-Sheng Tu","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03928-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03928-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe pulmonary condition characterized by alveolar-capillary damage and refractory hypoxemia. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and repair processes during acute lung injury (ALI)/ARDS. However, the transcriptional and functional changes in AMs during ALI/ARDS remain poorly understood, especially when considering species-specific differences between murine models and human pathophysiology. This study aims to elucidate these changes in AMs during ALI/ARDS by integrating in vitro and cross-species transcriptomic analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted RNA sequencing on LPS-stimulated MH-S cells and integrated the data with publicly available murine (GSE225406) and human (GSE40885) AM datasets to identify conserved differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Core genes were identified and validated using qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, we analyzed the diagnostic potential of these core genes using clinical datasets (GSE121871 and GSE243066).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 45 conserved upregulated genes and 4 downregulated genes across species, highlighting core transcriptional regulators of LPS-induced Macrophage activation. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement of immune-inflammatory pathways. PPI network analysis identified 10 core genes potentially central to AM-mediated ALI/ARDS pathogenesis. Experimental validation confirmed the upregulation of key genes and demonstrated that LPS treatment significantly impaired the efferocytosis capacity of AMs with dysregulated expression of stabilin-2, suggesting a potential association with this functional defect. Furthermore, the core gene set showed diagnostic potential in ARDS patient samples (AUC = 0.86).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis identifies cross-species conserved core genes and inflammatory pathways in AMs during ALI/ARDS. Our findings provide insights into AM-mediated inflammatory mechanisms and highlight candidate genes for further functional studies to explore their potential as therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleural effusion following thoracoscopic sympathectomy in a patient with palmar hyperhidrosis.","authors":"Pei Zhou, Qing Peng, Jun Li, Du Fan","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03933-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03933-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thoracoscopic sympathectomy can be used to treat primary hyperhidrosis (PH). Nonetheless, there is a paucity of literature addressing the postoperative complications associated with this procedure. We report a case of a 21-year-old male patient who developed prolonged bilateral pleural effusion after undergoing thoracoscopic sympathectomy for PH. This case aims to raise awareness of this rare complication and discuss effective management strategies for it.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum pulmonary cryptococcosis combined with pulmonary embolism: a case report.","authors":"Yapei Cui, Peng Zou, Wangwang Liao, Ziming Huang, Hanxiao Ma, Huilin Gan, Zhenhong Qi","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03902-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03902-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cross-sectional area of the pectoralis major muscle and future exacerbations in patients presenting with bronchiectasis exacerbation: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Xin Huang, Yankui Wu, Linyu Xie, Haiqing Li, Shan Gong, Nan Di, QiLan Wu, Jinding Pu, Guoping Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03927-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03927-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether the cross-sectional area of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM_CSA), measured via chest CT, can serve as a biomarker for predicting 1-year outcomes in patients previously hospitalized for bronchiectasis exacerbation(BE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Upon admission, the PMM_CSA of patients with BE was calculated on the basis of chest CT imaging. Multivariate Cox and Poisson regression analyses were used to analyse the associations between the PMM_CSA and the risk of 1-year first rehospitalization, all-cause mortality, and the frequency of rehospitalization for BE.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In total, 241 patients with BE were included in the present study. Fourteen patients died within 1 year after discharge from the hospital. A total of 80 patients had 143 rehospitalizations for BE within 1 year after discharge from the hospital. Cox regression analysis revealed that a PMM_CSA<37.51cm² was a risk factor for 1-year first hospitalization for BE. Poisson regression analysis revealed that a PMM_CSA <37.51cm² was a risk factor for the frequency of rehospitalization for BE. Cox regression analyses revealed that the PMM_CSA was not associated with 1-year mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A PMM_CSA<37.51cm² was a risk factor for 1-year first hospitalization and frequency of rehospitalization in patients with BE but was not associated with 1-year mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage proteomics in exacerbation of bronchiectasis.","authors":"Ju Yeon Lee, Jiyoul Yang, Jin Young Kim, Yeji Do, Min-Sik Kim, Dong Eun Kye, Geonhui Min, In-Sook Jeon, Eung-Gook Kim, Joong Kook Choi, Minjae Choi, Hyun Lee, Bumhee Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03904-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03904-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The molecular pathophysiology underlying the development of bronchiectasis with exacerbation at the proteomic level has not been clarified using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. This study aimed to evaluate the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid inflammatory profiles associated with exacerbation of bronchiectasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens from 4 patients in the exacerbation status and 4 patients in a stable status using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,577 proteins were identified using proteomic analysis, with 127 differentially expressed proteins. Of 127 differentially expressed proteins, 23 proteins showed more than 2-fold differences between exacerbation and stable status groups. The exacerbation status was associated with 18 upregulated proteins (TPI1, CRP, BPI, ORM1, PTPRE, S100A9, BPY2, TPM4, ERVFC1-1, CYS1, CLEC3B, S100A8, PSAT1, NDUFA10, MDGA1, SPRR3, ALDOA, and PSMB2) and five downregulated proteins (MUC5B, HSPE1, KLK13, IGHA1, and MUC5AC). Pathway analysis revealed that the neutrophil degranulation pathway (R-HSA-6798695) was the most enriched pathway in these proteins, followed by the C-type lectin receptor pathway (R-HSA-5621481).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein expression in patients in the exacerbation status of bronchiectasis was significantly different from that in patients in the stable status, indicating that neutrophil degranulation and C-type lectin receptor pathways are the most enriched pathways during exacerbation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}