BMC Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Carboplatin in combination with etoposide for advanced small cell lung cancer complicated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: a single-arm phase II study.","authors":"Masaru Matsumoto, Yuji Minegishi, Katsuyuki Higa, Aya Fukuizumi, Naomi Onda, Susumu Takeuchi, Akihiko Miyanaga, Akihiko Gemma, Masahiro Seike","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03459-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03459-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute exacerbation (AEx) of interstitial pneumonia is the most common lethal adverse event related to the pharmacological treatment of patients with lung cancer complicated with interstitial pneumonia. Although small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is linked to poor prognosis, it exhibits good response to chemotherapy. Few previous research studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of treatment for advanced SCLC complicated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). We conducted a single-arm phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus etoposide for the treatment of patients with SCLC complicated with IIP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced SCLC complicated with IIP were enrolled. Patients received carboplatin every 21-28 days at a dose of area under the curve 4-6 on day 1 and etoposide at a dose of 80-100 mg/m² on days 1-3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one patients were enrolled between December 2009 and December 2022. A median of four cycles of carboplatin plus etoposide were administered. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia was not observed; the rate of AEx was 0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0-9.6%, p = 0.038). The objective response rate was 83.9% (95% CI: 82.5-85.2). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 5.9 (95% CI: 4.7-6.8) months and 14.0 (95% CI: 7.6-27.6) months, respectively. The 1-year survival rate was 61% (95% CI 41-76).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The carboplatin plus etoposide treatment was tolerable and effective in SCLC patients complicated with IIP.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary bronchial leiomyosarcoma: a diagnostic challenge.","authors":"Dan Chen, Shuai Luo","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03472-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03472-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary bronchial leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumour of the lung originating from the mesenchymal tissue. The retroperitoneal region is the most common site of leiomyosarcoma. It exhibits a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis, thereby highlighting the significance of early diagnosis of this disease.</p><p><strong>Case demonstration: </strong>A 61-year-old male with a smoking history of 40 + years was admitted to the hospital due to cough, expectoration, and shortness of breath that extended for half a year, which aggravated for two months and was succeeded by intermittent bloody sputum for one month. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass in the upper lobe of the right lung, which was identified as a malignant tumour lesion involving the upper thoracic oesophagus. The boundaries of the mass with the trachea, brachiocephalic artery, and right brachiocephalic vein were unclear. Brush liquid-based cytology of the right middle lobe bronchus was performed, followed by histopathological biopsy. The pathological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma in the middle lobe of the right lung. After the diagnosis, he underwent chemotherapy in another hospital, and the case was followed up for six months, during which no recurrence was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pulmonary and bronchial leiomyosarcomas often occur in young males with rapid progression and poor prognosis, but metastasis is rare. Surgical resection is the first-line treatment. We report a case of pulmonary bronchial leiomyosarcoma. The cytological, histological, immunohistochemical, and differential diagnoses were analysed to improve the understanding of the disease. Presently, there exist some challenges in diagnosing and treating pulmonary bronchial leiomyosarcoma. Early detection and treatment are important to improve prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between lipid accumulation product and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Shaofeng Zhang, Zhongli Li, Yaling Zeng, Jia Jiang, Wei Lei, Siqin Chen, Jiayi Liu, Jia Li, Xin Chen, Qiang Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03465-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03465-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research indicates that obesity can worsen the clinical manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Timely detection of COPD has the potential to enhance treatment results. This study seeks to investigate the association between a new metabolic indicator, the lipid accumulation product (LAP), and the risk of developing COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The observational analysis employs data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2016. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the association between LAP levels and COPD. Further analysis methods included subgroup analysis, smooth curve modeling, and threshold effect evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the sample of 12,089 individuals, 1,072 were diagnosed with COPD. A positive correlation between LAP levels and COPD risk was identified through logistic regression analysis, even after controlling for potential confounders. The analyses by subgroup showed an enhanced association in participants without hypertension. The smooth curve fitting analysis highlighted particular saturation effects of LAP, with significant inflection points identified at 65.5278 and a P-value of 0.013.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study's findings suggest that elevated LAP levels are associated with an increased risk of COPD. It is suggested that dietary modifications and exercise routines be implemented to mitigate COPD risk in those with higher LAP levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The predictive effects of adiponectin and irisin hormones on diagnosis and clinical involvement of Sarcoidosis.","authors":"Huseyin Kaya, Hasim Boyaci, Serap Argun Baris, Ilknur Basyigit, Ozgur Doga Ozsoy, Hale Maral Kir","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03467-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03467-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"By activating endothelium histone H4 mediates oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.","authors":"Yanlin Zhang, Jingjin Tan, Yiran Zhao, Li Guan, Shuqiang Li","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03334-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03334-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated pathogenic role and mechanism of extracellular histone H4 during oleic acid (OA)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ARDS was induced by intravenous injection of OA in mice, and evaluated by blood gas, pathological analysis, lung edema, and survival rate. Heparan sulfate (HS) degradation was evaluated using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The released von Willebrand factor (vWF) was measured using ELISA. P-selectin translocation and neutrophil infiltration were measured via immunohistochemical analysis. Changes in VE-cadherin were measured by western blot. Blocking antibodies against TLRs were used to investigate the signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histone H4 in plasma and BALF increased significantly after OA injection. Histone H4 was closely correlated with the OA dose, which determined the ARDS severity. Pretreatment with histone H4 further aggravated pulmonary edema and death rate, while anti-H4 antibody exerted obvious protective effects. Histone H4 directly activated the endothelia. Endothelial activation was evidently manifested as HS degradation, release of vWF, P-selectin translocation, and VE-Cadherin reduction. The synergistic stimulus of activated endothelia was required for effective neutrophil activation by histone H4. Both TLRs and calcium mediated histone H4-induced endothelial activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Histone H4 is a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic molecule in OA-induced ARDS in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors related to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Fang Ding, Wenjing Liu, Xiaoying Hu, Chunyan Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03346-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03346-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the factors related to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>80 COPD patients treated between January 2020 and December 2022. The patients' pulmonary functions at their first hospital admission were categorized into four groups: Grade I, Grade II, Grade III and Grade IV. Each group was further divided into a progression group and a non-progression group based on the disease progression over one year or several years of follow-up. Patients with other respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, severe heart, kidney, liver dysfunctions, or immune deficiencies affecting the prognosis were excluded. General information, clinical data, treatment data, and statistical analysis of the patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison with the non-progression group, the progression group had significantly higher age, smoking behavior, COPD history, hemoptysis history, CRP levels, IL-6 levels, and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) scores, exhibiting significantly lower FEV1, FEV1% predicted, PaO2, and PaCO2. More frequent use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation were observed in the progression group than that in the non-progression group (P < 0.05). As a consequence, the progression group had a worse prognosis as indicated by higher hospitalization costs, longer hospital stay, and higher rate of acute exacerbations than the non-progression group (P < 0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years, PSI score ≥ 130 points, and multidrug-resistant bacteria infection were independent risk factors for the progression of COPD (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older COPD patients, higher PSI score, and multidrug-resistant bacteria infection have a worse prognosis and need more intensive treatment and follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory function in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xiong Xingyu, Zhang Dandan, Cheng Shouzhen","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03461-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03461-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the effects of different pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory function in mechanically ventilated patients and to determine the optimal type of intervention.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI), and the Cochrane Library from their inception until September 16th, 2024. The search targeted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pulmonary rehabilitation or usual care, for improving respiratory function in mechanically ventilated patients. We performed a meta-analysis utilizing Endnote X9 and R 4.3.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve articles were included for systematic review and ten articles were analyzed in the meta-analysis.The primary outcomes such as Maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP)[n = 10 studies, sample size 216 (intervention) vs. 218 (control), MD = 7.45, 95% CI: 3.81 to 11.09], Maximum expiratory pressure(MEP)[n = 5 studies, sample size 115 (intervention) vs. 112 (control), MD = 13.98, 95% CI:7.41 to 20.54], Rapid shallow breathing index(RSBI)[n = 4 studies, sample size 96 (intervention) vs. 98 (control), MD = -33.85, 95% CI:-71.18 to 3.48] and Tidal volume(VT)[n = 4 studies, sample size 96 (intervention) vs. 98 (control), MD = 74.64, 95% CI:21.7 to 127.57] shows that MIP, MEP and VT significantly improved after the pulmonary rehabilitation.The random-effects models were employed because of the modest degree of heterogeneity present.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pulmonary rehabilitation showed mixed effects on significantly improved the MIP, MEP, VT and DT. Pulmonary rehabilitation by inspiratory muscle training could administer the best therapeutic effect, followed by neuromuscular electrical stimulation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ting Ao, Yingxiu Huang, Peng Zhen, Ming Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03469-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03469-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widespread condition that significantly endangers human health. The C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) has been utilized as an important marker for the occurrence and development of various diseases. Nevertheless, the association between CAR and COPD remains inadequately explored. This research aimed to examine the link between the CAR and COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study examined data from adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2010. The identification of COPD relied on data obtained directly from self-reported information. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between CAR and COPD. Additionally, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the stability of the observed relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study comprised 24,627 participants, among whom 1,809 had COPD. After adjusting for potential confounders, CAR was found to be associated with COPD (OR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12-1.69; P = 0.003). In the analysis comparing individuals in the lowest CAR tertile (T1) with those in the highest, the adjusted OR for COPD was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.17-1.65; P < 0.001). Validation through subgroup and sensitivity analyses further strengthened the stability and consistency of the study's findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated levels of the CAR were correlated with an increased risk of COPD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the prognosis and comorbidity of active cancer in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.","authors":"Hiroyuki Fujii, Yu Taniguchi, Yuichi Tamura, Miki Sakamoto, Sachiyo Yoneda, Kenichi Yanaka, Noriaki Emoto, Ken-Ichi Hirata, Hiromasa Otake","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03460-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03460-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prognosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has improved after the availability of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and approved drugs. However, the clinical effects of cancer, which is one of the associated medical conditions of CTEPH, remain unclear. We aimed to investigate prognosis in patients with CTEPH and comorbid cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January 2011 and December 2022, data of 264 consecutive patients with CTEPH who were treated with pulmonary endarterectomy, BPA, or medical therapy were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were allocated, based on the comorbidity of cancer as of December 2022, into the cancer (n = 47) and non-cancer (n = 217) groups. In the cancer group, active and non-active cancers were identified in 30 (64%) and 17 (36%) patients, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline characteristics, hemodynamics, and treatments were similar between the groups. More than half of the cancer were diagnosed within two years before or after CTEPH diagnosis. Twenty-seven patients died during the study period. Among them, 13 (48%) and 7 (26%) died of cancer and right heart failure, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was lower in the cancer group than in the non-cancer group (67.8% vs. 94.5%, p < 0.001). In the active cancer group, the 5-year survival rate was also lower than that in the non-active cancer and non-cancer groups (52.0% vs. 99.5%, p < 0.001 and 52.0% vs. 92.3%, p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis revealed that hemodialysis (p < 0.001) and cancer (p < 0.001) were independently associated with poor survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with CTEPH rarely die of right heart failure, even if hemodynamically severe at diagnosis in the modern management era. However, patients with CTEPH frequently have comorbid cancer, which may be a strong prognostic factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of transbronchial biopsy and frequency of pneumothorax in lung transplant recipients: single center experience.","authors":"Ertan Sarıbaş, Ayse Nigar Halis, Sevinç Çıtak, Gonca Gecmen, Ahmet Murat Kazan, Musatafa Vayvada, Murat Ersin Cardak, Ahmet Erdal Taşçı","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03464-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03464-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bronchoscopy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of lung transplant recipients. We retrospectively evaluated the safety, complications, and efficacy of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in detecting and grading early rejection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively assessed the complications associated with TBB and the adequacy of pathological diagnoses in patients who underwent lung transplantation at Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital from December 1, 2016, to April 30, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 290 TBB procedures performed on 59 out of 94 lung transplant recipients. Of the study cohort, 72.9% (n = 43) were male, with a median age of 44.3 years. The proficiency of TBB pathology was found to be 90.7% (n = 263) for acute rejection (AR), 46.5% (n = 135) for airway inflammation, 50% (n = 145) for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), and 89.6% (n = 260) for chronic vascular rejection. Acute rejection (AR) was detected in 23.4% (n = 68). Pneumothorax was observed in 2.07% (n = 6) of the cases. A chest tube was inserted in four patients to manage pneumothorax, while two patients received only supplemental oxygen due to minimal pneumothorax.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TBB is considered a very safe procedure when basic precautions are followed. The rate of pneumothorax, a complication associated with TBB, is low. Despite advances in immunology and genetics, TBB remains the gold standard for detecting acute rejection (AR) following lung transplantation. Given its diagnostic value, we believe that the procedure should not be avoided due to the risks of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}