BMC Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Atusin^® CAP in the treatment of acute uncomplicated bronchitis in the primary care setting: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (AABA).","authors":"Diana Petkova, Rosen Petkov, Vladimir Hodzhev, Yavor Ivanov, Veselin Hadjiev","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03912-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03912-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute bronchitis (AB) is a lower respiratory tract infection manifested by cough, which is challenging to manage at the moment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a food supplement (Atusin^® CAP) combining 4 types of purified essential oils, bromelain, and green Brazilian propolis in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A post-surveillance, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical study was conducted over 6 months. Participants with acute uncomplicated bronchitis were administered the combination preparation (verum group) or placebo for 10 days in total. The primary outcome was clinical cure, defined as a ≥ 75% reduction in baseline Bronchitis Severity Scale (BSS) score after 10 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 310 participants were randomized 1:1, of which 155 and 150 participants in the verum and placebo group, respectively, were included in the efficacy and safety analysis sets. A statistically significantly higher number of clinically cured participants was observed in the verum group compared to the placebo group on all reporting days until the end of study intervention administration (Day 10: p = 0.029). The mean BSS score was statistically significantly different between the study intervention groups from Day 7 (p = 0.050) until Day 10 (p = 0.011). In addition, there were no differences in the incidence of adverse events between the verum and placebo group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study shows that the studied combination preparation, containing scientifically proven active substances that bring together key mechanisms for cough relief, is effective in the treatment of acute uncomplicated bronchitis.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06142994. Registered on 22 November 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and prognostic value of elevated urinary albumin excretion in patients with asthma: analysis of NHANES 2001-2018.","authors":"Kaijun Zhang, Rongting Zhang, Rongrong Zhong, Yong Fang, Zhiyi Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03896-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03896-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elevated urinary albumin excretion, quantified as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), is a marker of endothelial injury and chronic kidney disease. This study investigates the prevalence and prognostic significance of elevated UACR in asthma patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001-2018), 6,930 adults with asthma were analyzed. Participants were stratified by UACR categories: < 30 mg/g (Group 1), 30-300 mg/g (Group 2), and ≥ 300 mg/g (Group 3). Furthermore, for Group1, we further divided it into tertiles. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses were employed to assess associations between UACR and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 6,930 adults with asthma, 809 all-cause and 195 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Elevated UACR was prevalent in 12.6% (Group 2: 10.5%, Group 3: 2.1%). Compared to Group 1, Group 3 had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.60, 95% CI:1.44-4.71) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.50, 95% CI:1.13-5.55) after full adjustment. Even within the normal range (UACR < 30 mg/g), the highest tertile (Tertile 3) exhibited increased all-cause mortality (HR: 1.69, 95% CI:1.10-2.59). Restricted cubic splines revealed a linear dose-response relationship between UACR and mortality (P for nonlinearity > 0.05). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistency across age, sex, BMI, and comorbidity strata.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated UACR is independently associated with higher all-cause mortality in adults with asthma, even at levels below the traditional threshold for albuminuria. These findings underscore UACR as a prognostic biomarker for risk stratification in asthma management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy in patients with stage T1-2N0M0 small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Juan Lin, Huan-Wei Liang, Yang Liu, Wei Huang, Xin-Bin Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03918-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03918-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare survival outcomes between chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy in patients with stage T1-2N0M0 small cell lung cancer (SCLC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>SCLC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases between 2000 and 2020 were investigated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to assess cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 525 eligible patients, 371 (70.7%) received chemoradiotherapy, 64 (12.2%) underwent radiotherapy, and 90 (17.1%) received chemotherapy. While 5-year SCLC-specific mortality rates were comparable between chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy groups (57.1% vs. 51.8%, P = 0.660), non-cancer mortality demonstrated significant reduction with chemoradiotherapy (13.3% vs. 30.2%, P = 0.004). After propensity score matching, median CSS was 27 months with chemoradiotherapy versus 26 months with radiotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-1.52; P = 0.787). Multivariable analysis confirmed radiotherapy was not an independent prognostic factor for CSS (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.52-1.41; P = 0.532). Median OS was 21.5 months for chemoradiotherapy and 20 months for radiotherapy (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.76-1.64; P = 0.586). Multivariable analysis confirmed radiotherapy was not an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.69-1.54; P = 0.888).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiotherapy demonstrates comparable survival outcomes to chemoradiotherapy in stage T1-2N0M0 SCLC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between BRINDA-corrected iron metabolism and lung function in the community: the CoLaus|PneumoLaus study.","authors":"Brice Touilloux, Alessio Casutt, Minh Khoa Truong, Cédric Bongard, Benoit Lechartier, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Peter Vollenweider, Julien Vaucher, Christophe Von von Garnier","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03810-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03810-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iron metabolism and its relationship to lung volumes remains poorly understood, with inconsistent findings reported across the literature. We analysed the association of markers of inflammation and iron metabolism with lung function in a large population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PneumoLaus is a sub-study of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, an ongoing prospective observational study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Within PneumoLaus, participants performed spirometry and blood sampling at two time points (baseline, 2014-2017; follow-up (FU), 2018-2021). The associations between ferritin and transferrin using BRINDA correction with spirometric values were assessed by Pearson correlation. We performed multivariable linear regressions using spirometry values as dependent variable adjusted for main confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3102 (women, 56%) and 1989 (women, 55%) participants were included at baseline and FU, respectively. In both surveys, ferritin levels were not associated with FEV1, FVC and MMEF, even using the adjusted model. A weak negative association was observed only at FU in women with FEV1 and FVC. In both surveys, transferrin was negatively associated with FEV1 and FVC (standardised β coefficients -0.061 to -0.102, p < 0.001) in all subjects and in women. In the adjusted model, FEV1 is reduced by 47 to 59 mL and FVC by 63 to 71 mL for 1-SD increase of transferrin levels. Transferrin saturation was not associated with spirometric values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this population-based cohort, we observed no reproductible association between ferritin levels and spirometric values. However, transferrin levels were negatively associated with FEV1 and FVC, suggesting that iron metabolism, particularly the requirement for iron in the organism, is linked to reduced lung volumes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not required. This study is not a clinical trial. This is a population based observational study. The approval number reference 16/03 13403,13405bis, 134052to5 addenda 1to4. For other approvals, see the section dedicated to page 26 and 27.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early C-reactive protein reduction predicts survival in COVID-19 severe pneumonia treated with glucocorticoids.","authors":"Nicolò Reccardini, Marco Confalonieri, Barbara Ruaro, Paola Confalonieri, Beatrice Da Re, Andrea Rocca, Francesco Salton","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03874-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03874-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>prolonged, low-dose glucocorticoid treatment reduces systemic inflammation and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia requiring respiratory support. Previous studies reported a significant C-reactive protein (CRP) reduction in the early days of treatment compared to placebo. While CRP is an independent predictor of severity in community-acquired pneumonia, there is no evidence on the correlation between CRP changes and mortality within a glucocorticoid-treated population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>data from the MEDEAS randomized controlled trial were re-analyzed as a single cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia undergoing either dexamethasone 6 mg/day for 10 days or methylprednisolone 80 mg/day for ≥ 8 days from hospitalization. CRP relative decrease between treatment initiation and day 3 was calculated and tested to predict 28-day mortality. Additionally, clinically relevant CRP percentage changes by day 3 were calculated and tested to predict survival. A stratification was performed for baseline PaO₂:FiO₂, and a multivariable analysis was conducted to adjust for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>597 patients were included in the analysis. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the relative decrease in CRP by day 3 was significantly associated with 28-day survival (OR 0.77; 95%CI 0.64-0.99; p = 0.011). Furthermore, a ≥ 5% CRP reduction was associated with a lower mortality compared to either < 5% reduction or any increase in CRP levels by day 3 (8.2% versus 18.5%; OR 0.40; 95%CI 0.23-0.69; p = 0.001) in the whole cohort. When stratifying for baseline PaO₂:FiO₂, a ≥ 5% CRP reduction resulted in a lower mortality (10.9% versus 28.3%; OR 0.31; 95%CI 0.16-0.61; p = < 0.001) in the more severe subgroup of patients presenting with a PaO₂:FiO₂ ≤200, while a ≥ 20% reduction was required to significantly impact on mortality among those presenting with a PaO₂:FiO₂ > 200 (3.7% versus 10.0%; OR 0.35; 95%CI 0.13-0.97; p = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>in patients with COVID-19-related severe pneumonia receiving low-dose glucocorticoid treatment, even early reductions in CRP levels, together with other meaningful clinical traits, predict survival, representing a possible biomarker to guide personalized interventions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The MEDEAS randomized controlled trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 18 November 2020 (NCT04636671).</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of three different puncture techniques for endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration: a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study.","authors":"Yanjun Wu, Rui Xu, Xinchun Duan, Yue Deng, Ganggang Yu, Xin He, Zhigang Yao","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03917-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03917-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided sampling techniques for mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy vary, yet their comparative diagnostic performance remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three EBUS-guided puncture methods-slow-pull capillary sampling, traditional negative-pressure aspiration, and non-negative-pressure capillary sampling-in patients with mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node enlargement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial employed computer-generated block randomization (1:1:1 allocation ratio) to assign eligible participants meeting predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria to one of three EBUS-guided sampling techniques. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy. The secondary outcomes included blood contamination of the samples, bleeding during the operation, and histological core tissue acquisition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-one patients were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, lymph node dimensions (long-axis and short-axis), and diagnostic accuracy (> 80% across all groups) showed no statistically significant intergroup differences (all p > 0.05). Similarly, secondary outcomes-blood contamination of samples, bleeding during surgery, and histological core tissue acquisition-demonstrated no significant differences among the groups (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All three EBUS-guided puncture techniques exhibited high diagnostic accuracy and low bleeding risk, with no statistically significant differences observed. These findings suggest that technique selection may depend on operator preference or the clinical context rather than superiority in diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>NCT05628454 at ClinicalTrials.gov.Retrospectively registered on 28 November 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of biologics for uncontrolled asthma patients with chronic rhinosinusitis or nasal polyps: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Akinari Tsukada, Nozomu Tsurumaki, Junko Terada-Hirashima, Jin Takasaki, Naoki Nishimura, Hiroshi Nokihara, Shinyu Izumi, Masayuki Hojo","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03911-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03911-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-steroid rebound in COVID-19 pneumonitis: a case series and review of the literature.","authors":"Numbere K Numbere","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03749-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03749-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a retrospective case series of COVID-19 pneumonitis (C19P) patients in hypoxic respiratory failure who experienced a symptom rebound upon cessation or weaning of steroids following an initial positive response. The post-steroid rebound phenomenon in C19P is not well described in the literature and we aim to add to the body of evidence exploring this pathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Post-steroid rebound COVID-19 pneumonitis (PSRCP) cases at our institution were identified for notes review from respiratory department follow-up records. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1. Hospital admissions with radiologically and PCR-confirmed C19P. 2. Administration of a corticosteroid course for the indication of hypoxia due to C19P. 3. An objective relapse of the index presentation with differential diagnoses other than post-steroid rebound excluded by appropriate clinicians. A literature search was performed using Medline, Ovid and Google Scholar and the search terms \"rebound and COVID-19\", \"rebound and COVID-19 and pneumonitis\" \"post-COVID and pneumonitis\" \"relapse and COVID-19\", \"relapse and coronavirus and pneumonitis\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen patients were identified between 2021 and 2024 with ages ranging from 48 to 80 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (50%) and obesity (39%) while 89% had a history of regular smoking. Seventeen of the 18 had evidence of hyperinflammation at first C19P presentation with a C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 75 mg/dl. Notably, 15 patients had a CRP blood test at least 48 h prior to discharge, steroid cessation or weaning and of these, 11 (73%) showed persisting CRP elevation. Seventeen of the 18 responded upon diagnosis of PSRCP to steroid rechallenge with survival to discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As COVID-19 becomes endemic, clinicians should remain wary of the risk of PSRCP. Greater recognition of the importance of steroid weans and rechallenges in C19P narratives will help avoid poor outcomes, readmissions and the risk of post-C19P sequelae. Awareness of the PSRCP phenomenon should lower the threshold for slow steroid weans upon an initial C19P diagnosis over the standard UK regimen of a 10-day duration or less dexamethasone course. A definition for PSRCP is proposed as well as a decision aid around steroid strategies in patients both with and at risk of PSRCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missed opportunity for tuberculosis screening and prevention and the associated factors among child contacts in rural southwestern Uganda.","authors":"Martin Mbabazi Mpimbaza, Richard Migisha, Godfrey Twesigomwe, Francis Bajunirwe","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03906-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03906-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) treatment and control guidelines recommend screening of contacts of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases and prompt initiation of preventive therapy. However, many children exposed to TB in high-burden settings like Uganda remain unscreened. The extent of the missed opportunity for screening TB-exposed children in Ugandan rural settings remains largely unknown. We determined the burden and associated factors of missed opportunity for TB screening and prevention in rural southwestern Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study in four high-volume TB treatment centers in Kanungu District, southwestern Uganda. Using consecutive sampling, we included children aged 0-14 years who were household contacts of bacteriologically-confirmed persons with TB. We defined a missed opportunity as not being screened for TB or not receiving preventive TB treatment despite being eligible. We used modified Poisson regression to identify factors associated with the missed opportunities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 279 children enrolled from 79 households, 119 (42.7%) were aged < 5 years, 103 (36.9%) were 5-10 years, and 57 (20.4%) were 11-14 years. Overall, 140 (50.2%) were never screened. Of the 139 screened, 25 (18.0%) reported TB symptoms and 6 (24.0%) of these received TB treatment; among the 19 symptomatic but untreated, 3 (15.8%) missed isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) initiation. Of 114 asymptomatic contacts, 60 were IPT-eligible, yet 34 (56.7%) were not initiated on IPT. Overall, 177/279 (63.4%; 95% CI: 67.6-68.9%) experienced a missed screening or prevention opportunity. Factors independently associated with missed opportunity were living in a household below the poverty line (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.19-2.21), lack of formal education among index patients (aPR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09-1.83), and being a contact aged < 5 years (aPR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12-1.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed a high burden of missed opportunity for TB screening and prevention among child contacts in this rural setting, driven by socio-economic disadvantages, including household poverty, lack of formal education, and younger age for household TB contacts (< 5 years). Interventions should target socio-economically disadvantaged households to improve access to TB screening and preventive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of pleural aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus infection via metagenomic next-generation sequencing from a patient with unexplained pleural effusion: a case report.","authors":"Juan Huang, Tingyan Dong, Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03910-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03910-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pleural aspergillosis is a severe pathological condition triggered by Aspergillus species and commonly affects immunocompromised individuals. This case report describes a 63-year-old man with normal immune function who was admitted to the hospital due to a 20-day history of right-sided chest pain and cough. He was diagnosed with an infection-related pleural effusion of unknown origin. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified Aspergillus fumigatus in the pleural effusion intrapleurally, and pathological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation. The patient received three months of antifungal treatment with voriconazole tablets. A six-month follow-up examination showed complete resolution of both pleural and pulmonary abnormalities. This case highlights the utility of mNGS as a diagnostic tool for detecting clinical fungal pathogens with atypical features, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies for such conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}