BMC Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment of cuproptosis-related gene CDKN2A in lung adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Teng Song, Shuping Li, Ke Zhao, Dandan Zou, Miao Zhang, Huaqing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03631-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03631-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research has increasingly highlighted the significance of various forms of cell death in contributing to tumor heterogeneity and modulating anti-tumor immunity. However, the potential implications of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains poorly explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression profiles of 19 CRGs in LUAD based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Utilizing consensus clustering, we stratified the TCGA cohort into two distinct LUAD subtypes (Cluster 1 and Cluster 2). The expression of CDKN2A was further validated across multiple datasets, including TCGA, GEO, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The prognostic value of the CDKN2A was evaluated through univariate, multivariate, and survival analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the CDKN2A. Additionally, we assessed the levels of immune cell infiltration in LUAD using the CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and XCELL algorithms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By systematically analyzing the genetic alterations of 19 CRGs in LUAD, we found 15 differentially expressed genes between LUAD and adjacent normal tissues. Subsequently, using the consensus clustering method, we classified LUAD patients into two molecular subtypes and cluster 2 had a poor prognosis. CDKN2A emerged as a key gene of interest, exhibiting elevated expression in LUAD and correlating with adverse patient outcomes. Moreover, immunoinfiltration analysis revealed differential levels of immune cell infiltration between the CDKN2A high and CDKN2A low expression groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that CDKN2A may serve as an effective prognostic biomarker for LUAD and may offer valuable insights into potential immunotherapeutic strategies for these patients.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes from Tregs mitigate lung damage caused by smoking via inhibiting inflammation and altering T lymphocyte subsets in COPD rats.","authors":"Xuefang Tao, Hai Tian, Guowen Wang, Yongzhen Sun, Liangyan Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03632-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03632-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease with respiratory symptoms and limited airflow. Exosomes derived from Tregs (Treg-exo) could regulate immune function and prevent autoimmune disease. This study assessed Treg-exo effects on COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vivo, rats were divided into three groups including control, COPD and exosomes groups. COPD models were established by passive smoking combined with lipopolysaccharide. Phosphate buffered saline or Treg-exo were administered via tail vein. Lung function, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to evaluate lung function, histopathology and inflammation. Flow cytometry was used for peripheral blood T cell separation and counting. In vitro, COPD cluster of differentiation (CD) 4⁺ T-cells were isolated from spleen and co-cultured with Treg-exo alone or in combination with Colivelin (a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/STAT3 activator). Flow cytometry, ELISA, and Western blot were used to count T helper cell 17 (Th17) and detected cytokines and STAT3 proteins expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vivo, pulmonary function tests and HE staining showed Treg-exo treatment enhanced lung function and alleviated lung damage; flow cytometry showed Treg-exo treatment decreased CD8⁺, CD4⁺ CD25^- cells and Th17; ELISA assay found Treg-exo treatment increased transforming growth factor-β and interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-8 in serum, broncho alveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. In vitro, Treg-exo treatment inhibited Th17 differentiation and suppressed the content of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 and STAT3 phosphorylation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treg-exo suppressed inflammation and CD4⁺ T-cell differentiation to Th17, possibly by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals based on the 2021 global burden of disease data (1990-2021).","authors":"Yaolin Li, Fangtao Yan, Lixiang Jiang, Wang Zhen, Xiayahu Li, Huiqin Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03630-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03630-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent studies have shown that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in young individuals cannot be ignored. This study aims to investigate the burden of COPD and its associated risk factors in individuals aged 15 to 49 years, with a particular focus on health inequities across different levels of socioeconomic development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By analyzing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021, we utilized statistical methods such as Joinpoint regression, frontier analysis, and health inequality analysis to evaluate the changes in the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates (ASDR) and incidence rates (ASIR) of COPD among the global population aged 15-49 years from 1990 to 2021. We specifically examined the disparities in health across countries and regions with varying levels of socioeconomic development. Key risk factors, including particulate matter pollution, smoking, and occupational exposure, were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of COPD cases among young people globally has significantly increased.While the global ASDR and ASIR of COPD in the 15-49 age group showed an overall declining trend, the burden of COPD remained high in low Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions and there were significant health inequalities between countries. Particulate matter pollution (41.79%), smoking (19.81%), and occupational exposure (11.73%) were identified as the primary contributors to the burden of COPD in younger individuals. In low SDI regions, particulate matter pollution had a particularly significant impact, accounting for 58.65% of attributable proportion of DALYs, and remained at a persistently high level. Smoking continued to contribute significantly to the burden of COPD in high-income regions, notably in North America, where smoking accounted for 34.26% of DALYs in 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although there is a global downward trend in the burden of COPD among young people, significant health inequities persist in low SDI regions. The findings emphasize the need for more effective public health activities targeting younger populations and low SDI countries and regions, particularly in improving air quality, reducing smoking, and mitigating occupational exposures.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11993973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criteria for identifying acute respiratory events based on FEV1 decline in home spirometry for lung transplant patients.","authors":"Yoshikazu Shinohara, Miho Yamaguchi, Muhammad Wannous, Yan Luo, Kazumichi Yamamoto, Masaaki Sato","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03649-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03649-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage lung diseases, but long-term survival is challenged by graft rejection and infection. The detection of adverse respiratory events depends on home spirometry, which can exhibit greater fluctuations than laboratory tests and may not provide timely alerts. Our LT-FollowUp system offers an internet-based platform for daily FEV1 monitoring. This paper explores whether a new algorithm using LT-FollowUp data can detect the clinically significant FEV1 declines that predict adverse respiratory events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of lung transplant patients from the University of Tokyo Hospital was conducted using LT-FollowUp. The accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated using a nested case-crossover study comparing FEV1 declines before acute respiratory events with control periods, and a nested case-time-control study comparing cases with matched controls to adjust for time trends and bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 95 patients included in this study, 21 experienced acute respiratory events. The odds ratios derived from conditional logistic regression in the nested case-crossover study and the conditional logistic regression in the nested case-time-control study are 5.42 × 10⁵ and 1, respectively. There is a clear association between abnormal FEV1 decline and acute respiratory events. No clear time trend is observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed algorithm using LT-FollowUp data shows promise for the real-time detection of respiratory events in lung transplant patients, potentially facilitating early interventions that may prevent chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Further validation in larger, multi-centre studies is needed to confirm these findings and enhance clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of biomechanical properties in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a computational fluid dynamics study of the extensive pulmonary arterial tree.","authors":"Jian Shi, Jianwen Liang, Jieting Wang, Hui Wang, Zhenyu Wang, Xiaocong Zhang, Guifu Wu, Shuai Tian, Wenbin Wei","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03647-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03647-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomechanical forces play a central role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Due to the numerous branches and complex structure of the pulmonary arteries, three-dimensional reconstruction poses significant challenges, resulting in a lack of comprehensive hemodynamic studies encompassing the entire pulmonary arterial tree in PAH. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the extensive pulmonary artery tree (segmented up to 6 th-generation branches) in PAH. Key hemodynamic parameters, including velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT), were meticulously computed. Results revealed a significant decrease in outlet cross-sectional area (p < 0.0001) and a notable increase in outlet velocity compared to the inlet (p < 0.05) and main body (p < 0.001). WSS in the proximal pulmonary artery was consistently lower than in the distal pulmonary artery for all subjects, with low TAWSS observed in proximal arteries. Helical flow patterns were predominantly seen in proximal pulmonary arteries of PAH subjects. Additionally, high OSI and RRT values were noted within the proximal arteries. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of hemodynamic parameters in PAH, identifying velocity, WSS, OSI, and RRT as valuable markers of its distinct biomechanical characteristics. These findings shed light on the complex interplay of biomechanical forces in PAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio with asthma exacerbations in adults: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.","authors":"Congyi Xie, Jinzhan Chen, Haiyan Chen, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03617-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03617-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR) has emerged as a promising biomarker for assessing inflammation in various diseases, and this study aims to investigate its potential in predicting asthma exacerbations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2020. A total of 4,738 adults were included in the analysis, and weighted analyses were performed to ensure a representative sample of the general population. The relationship between EMR and asthma exacerbation risk was assessed using multivariable logistic regression with progressively adjusted covariates across multiple models. Subgroup analyses were performed by stratifying key covariates to explore interactions. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was applied to evaluate non-linear relationships. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness and reliability of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated EMR levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations (p < 0.001 in all models). In the highest EMR quartile (Q4), the odds ratio for exacerbation compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) was 1.54 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.93) in Model 1, increasing to 1.56 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.97) in Model 2 and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.02) in Model 3, after further adjustments. Subgroup analyses showed consistent associations across various characteristics (all p for interaction > 0.05), while RCS analysis revealed a linear relationship without threshold effects (p for nonlinear > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EMR demonstrates strong potential as a biomarker for predicting asthma exacerbations, with implications for personalized asthma management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Zafirlukast ameliorates lipopolysaccharide and bleomycin-induced lung inflammation in mice.","authors":"Tongtong Xue, Qianyi Zhang, Tiantian Zhang, Lingxin Meng, Jing Liu, Dan Chai, Yuming Liu, Zhongyi Yang, Ran Jiao, Yunyao Cui, Jingjing Gao, Xiaohe Li, Aiguo Xu, Honggang Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03607-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03607-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical analysis of spirometry interpretation in tuberculosis-related lung function impairment: a commentary on a Chinese study.","authors":"Balsam Barkous, Saba Boubakri, Helmi Ben Saad","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03642-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03642-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We commend Zhao et al. for their insightful paper titled \"Analysis of clinical characteristics of different types of lung function impairment in TDL patients,\" which compares the severity of lung function patterns, including restrictive and obstructive ventilatory patterns, with the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis-destroyed lung patients. This study is significant for healthcare providers managing long-term tuberculosis cases, especially with the rise of multidrug-resistant strains. By analyzing spirometry data, the study offers valuable insights into the correlation between lung function patterns and tuberculosis-destroyed lung, laying a foundation for future research aimed at developing targeted therapies. However, the study's definitions for normal spirometry patterns, restrictive and obstructive ventilatory patterns, as well as the severity grading of lung function patterns, diverge from established guidelines by the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society. These discrepancies, particularly the use of post-bronchodilator values and the exclusion of recognized patterns like 'isolated low forced expiratory volume in one second' and 'dysanapsis,' necessitate further discussion. Adopting standardized spirometry interpretations, as recommended by international guidelines, will enhance the study's conclusions and contribute to improved clinical practice and patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma mimicking tuberculosis.","authors":"Senlin Zhan, Changyin Feng, Kaihua Pang, Hongjuan Qin, Peize Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03633-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03633-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma (PLELC) is distinct subtype of primary lung cancer, closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Histopathological features sometimes mimic granulomatous inflammation. We present the case of a woman who was doubted with pulmonary and lymph node tuberculosis based on a pathological demonstration of granulomatous inflammation. A final diagnosis of PLELC was made after lung biopsy and EBV tests. Given the complex and rarely seen of the disease, further studies are needed to investigate the clinical and pathological manifestations in patients with PLELC. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of anlotinib monotherapy or combination therapy in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective real-world study conducted in East China.","authors":"Jia Wei, Yan Zhang, Ying Zheng, Chengxing Ma, Qi Zhao, Yongsheng Wang, Liyun Miao, Jingjing Ding","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03635-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03635-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite significant advancements in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, the prognosis for advanced NSCLC remains poor. The development of resistance to standard treatments and the lack of effective therapeutic options for heavily pretreated patients underscore the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and metastasis, making it a critical target in cancer therapy. Anlotinib, a novel multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 82 patients with advanced NSCLC who received either anlotinib monotherapy or combination therapy. Patients were divided into two groups based on different treatment modalities: anlotinib monotherapy group (30 patients) and anlotinib combination therapy group (52 patients). The anlotinib combination therapy group received anlotinib in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chemotherapy, or targeted drugs. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the difference in ORR between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), the DCR was notably higher in the combination therapy group compared to the monotherapy group (86.5% vs. 66.7%, P < 0.05). In the anlotinib combination therapy group, patients demonstrated a significantly longer PFS compared to those in the anlotinib monotherapy group (median PFS: 20.0 m vs. 9.3 m, P = 0.030). The PFS% at 12, 18, and 24 months in the anlotinib combination therapy group were 65.38%, 55.77%, and 28.85%, respectively, all significantly higher than in the anlotinib monotherapy group (P < 0.05). In the combination therapy regimen, anlotinib combined with ICIs significantly prolonged patients' PFS (median PFS: 25.4 m vs. 9.3 m, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis results indicated that in subgroups of male patients, patients with a history of hypertension, patients with ≥ 3 lines of treatment, and patients without a history of anti-angiogenic therapy, the PFS in the anlotinib combination therapy group was significantly better than in the anlotinib monotherapy group (P < 0.05). Although the incidence of bleeding and skin adverse reactions was higher in the anlotinib combination therapy group compared to the monotherapy group, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anlotinib combination therapy was associated with improved PFS in advanced NSCLC patients, with a tolerable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}