BMC Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Eight patients with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor treated with rigid bronchoscopy.","authors":"Byeong-Ho Jeong, Rong Lih Ho, Ho Yun Lee, Joungho Han, Hojoong Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03476-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03476-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) accounts for 0.04-0.7% of all lung tumors, and endobronchial IMT accounts for only 10% of all pulmonary IMTs. Little is known about the therapeutic outcomes of rigid bronchoscopy for endobronchial IMT. Here, we report a case series of eight patients with endobronchial IMT underwent rigid bronchoscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed eight patients with endobronchial IMT between January 2004 and December 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of our patients was 36 years, and 62.5% were male. Dyspnea was the predominant symptom in cases where the tumor was centrally located (n = 6), whereas hemoptysis was the predominant symptom in peripherally located tumors (n = 2). Most cases had high contrast enhancement and a tumor stalk without bronchial wall invasion on computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy. Complete endoscopic resection and laser cauterization via rigid bronchoscopy were possible in five patients. There were only two cases in which tumors remained after the procedure, requiring additional treatment (chemotherapy and surgical resection, respectively). In one patient, surgical resection was performed three weeks after the procedure, and the surgical specimen was free of residual tumor. There was no mortality during the median follow-up duration of 18.8 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endoscopic resection and laser cauterization using rigid bronchoscopy may serve as a safe and effective alternative treatment modality to surgery for patients with endobronchial IMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Latin American countries.","authors":"H Aguilar-Duran, M Fernández, M González-García, E Rincón-Alvarez, M Alberti, F Caro, E Tavera, E Vásquez, N Cortez, M Salinas, M Florenzano, C Florestano, Ivette Buendia-Roldan","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03506-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03506-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). It is characterized by dyspnoea and a progressive decline in lung function, which negatively affects life. This study aimed to evaluate Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in IPF patients in Latin American countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic) enrolled patients with IPF. They answered the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (SGRQ-I) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Demographic characteristics, the Torvan index, and a lung function test were also assessed. IPF was diagnosed according to the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT 2018 criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enlisted 75 patients diagnosed with IPF; 81% were male, with an average age of 74 ± 7. The total SGRQ-I score was 49 ± 23, with a higher score in the activity domain of 70 ± 23. Torvan index average was 17 ± 6. We found that 28% presented anxiety and 35% depression. Besides, we observed that patients requiring oxygen had a worse quality of life (total SGRQ-I 62 ± 22 vs. 45 ± 22, p = 0.003) without finding differences in antifibrotic therapy. We did not find differences in HRQoL when dividing groups according to their altitude above sea level, except for a higher frequency of anxiety in patients living at sea level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found similar data compared to those reported in real-life European populations. We also found that anxiety and depression are prevalent. However, they are often underdiagnosed and, therefore, left untreated.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy for endobronchial glomus tumors: a case series.","authors":"Rong Lih Ho, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Joungho Han, Hojoong Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03466-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03466-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare, comprising only 2% of all soft tissue tumors. Pulmonary GTs are exceptionally rare, with fewer than 80 cases reported to date. Little is known about the therapeutic outcomes of rigid bronchoscopy for endobronchial GT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a case series of four patients with endobronchial GT who underwent therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy between February 2021 and June 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ages of the patients in our series ranged from 32 to 75 years, and all patients were male. Cough and blood-tinged sputum were present in all patients with endobronchial GT. The tumor sizes ranged from 1 to 3 cm. Complete endoscopic resection and laser cauterization via rigid bronchoscopy were achieved in two patients. One patient had incomplete resection of a 3-cm tumor in the segmental bronchus that showed radiological evidence of bronchial wall invasion. This patient subsequently underwent lobectomy seven months after bronchoscopic resection. The fourth patient was lost to follow-up. There was no mortality throughout the follow-up periods that ranged from 2.8 to 42.5 months. Factors favoring successful rigid bronchoscopy resection for endobronchial GT include a benign tumor in the central airways without bronchial wall invasion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endoscopic resection and laser cauterization using rigid bronchoscopy may be a viable option for patients with endobronchial GT when surgery is not practical.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise intensity on nutritional status, body composition, and energy balance in patients with COPD: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tomoyuki Ikeuchi, Kazuya Shingai, Katsuyuki Ichiki, Takeo Jimi, Tetsuya Kawano, Kaori Kato, Toru Tsuda","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03448-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03448-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-intensity exercise is recommended for the pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, it can cause an energy imbalance due to increased energy expenditure. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of reducing exercise intensity on energy balance in patients with COPD experiencing high-intensity training-induced weight loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All participants underwent high-intensity endurance and resistance training for a 2-week preliminary period. Those who lost more than 1% of their weight were then randomized to either continue high-intensity exercise (AA group) or switch to low-intensity exercise (AB group) for another 2 weeks (experimental period).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 30 participants (AA, n = 15; AB, n = 15). The AA group showed significant increases in body composition, dietary intake, nutritional status, muscle strength, and exercise capacity at week 4 than at week 2, with no significant changes in the AB group. After the experimental period, a greater proportion of the AA group had energy intake exceeding expenditure than did the AB group (80% vs. 40%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with COPD who lost body weight during pulmonary rehabilitation with high-intensity exercise, continuing this exercise had a more positive effect on body composition, nutritional status, physical function, and energy balance than did reducing exercise intensity. These results suggest the importance of continuing high-intensity exercise, while taking into consideration energy intake and nutritional therapy, even when body weight loss occurs during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was retrospectively registered on the UMIN-CTR as UMIN000050976 on May 5, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity of Aztreonam-avibactam and other β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized with pneumonia in United States medical centers (2020-2022).","authors":"Helio S Sader, Rodrigo E Mendes, S J Ryan Arends, Timothy B Doyle, Mariana Castanheira","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03500-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03500-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Initial antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia is frequently empirical and resistance to antimicrobial agents represents a great challenge to the treatment of patients hospitalized with pneumonia. We evaluated the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria causing pneumonia in US hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bacterial isolates were consecutively collected (1/patient) from patients hospitalized with pneumonia and the susceptibility of Gram-negative bacilli (3,911 Enterobacterales and 2,753 non-fermenters) was evaluated by broth microdilution in a monitoring laboratory. Isolates were collected in 69 medical centers in 2020-2022. Aztreonam-avibactam was tested with avibactam at fixed 4 mg/L and a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic susceptible (S) breakpoint of ≤ 8 mg/L was applied for comparison. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE; isolates with MIC values of > 2 mg/L for imipenem and/or meropenem) isolates were screened for carbapenemases by whole genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gram-negative bacilli represented 71.1% of organisms. The most common Gram-negative species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.4% of organisms), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.8%), Escherichia coli (6.6%), Serratia marcescens (6.2%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (4.9%), and Enterobacter cloacae complex (4.8%). Aztreonam-avibactam inhibited 100.0% of Enterobacterales at ≤ 8 mg/L and 99.9% at ≤ 4 mg/L and showed potent activity against CRE (MIC_50/90, 0.25/1 mg/L). Ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam were active against 89.4% and 88.5% of CREs, respectively. Aztreonam-avibactam retained activity against Enterobacterales non-susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam and/or meropenem-vaborbactam (n = 19; MIC_50/90, 0.25/4 mg/L). The most common carbapenemases were KPC (69.2% of CREs), NDM (9.6%), and SME (4.8%). A carbapenemase gene was not identified in 16.3% of CREs. Ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam were highly active against KPC and SME producers but showed limited activity against MBL producers. The most active comparators against CRE were tigecycline (95.2%S), amikacin (73.1%S), and gentamicin (60.6%S). Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 79.1% were inhibited at ≤ 8 mg/L of aztreonam-avibactam, 77.2% were meropenem susceptible, and 77.2% were piperacillin-tazobactam susceptible. Aztreonam-avibactam was highly active against S. maltophilia, inhibiting 99.5% of isolates at ≤ 8 mg/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aztreonam-avibactam displayed potent in vitro activity against a large collection of contemporary Gram-negative organisms isolated from patients hospitalized with pneumonia, including CRE isolates resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam and/or meropenem-vaborbactam. Results of surveillance programs are valuable for planning empiric antimicrobial therapy guidelines and infection control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring practical experience with different treatments in NSCLC patients with MET-deregulated: a retrospective analysis from the real world.","authors":"Mengmeng Li, Jiuyan Huang, Ruyue Xing, Xinyang Du, Chunhua Wei, Huijuan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03437-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03437-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (MET) dysregulation in non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) is understudied, with scant data on treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively examined 160 NSCLC patients: 125 with primary MET mutations (further classified into MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping mutations and primary MET amplifications) and 35 with secondary MET amplifications. Patients underwent varied treatments: Chemotherapy, Immune monotherapy, Crizotinib, or Savolitinib. Secondary MET amplification patients were grouped by treatment: Group A (Class Ib MET-TKI with third-generation EGFR-TKI), Group B (Crizotinib with first-generation EGFR-TKI), and Group C (Crizotinib alone). One hundred and thirty patients have completed the whole treatment process. Their data were included in the study's survival analysis (included 95 patients with primary MET mutations and 35 patients with secondary MET amplifications).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among METex14 skipping mutations patients (n = 57), median progression free survival (PFS) was: Chemotherapy 7.64 m, Crizotinib 8.5 m, Savolitinib 9.3 m, and Immunotherapy 3.87 m. Targeted therapies and chemotherapy significantly outperformed Immunotherapy. Sub-group analysis indicated splice donor region mutations benefited more than those at the polypyrimidine tract (9.23 m vs. 4.03 m, P = 0.038). For primary MET amplifications (n = 38), PFS was: Chemotherapy 2.84 m, Crizotinib 3.80 m, Savolitinib 5.23 m, and Immunotherapy 3.30 m. Patients with copy number (CN) > 5 had longer PFS than CN ≤ 5 (5.17 m vs. 3.44 m, P = 0.039). In secondary MET amplifications (n = 35), Group A and B had similar PFS (6.77 m and 6.57 m) versus Group C (3.13 m). Dual-target therapy PFS showed no difference between CN ≤ 5 and CN > 5 (8.63 m vs. 6.27 m, P = 0.29).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NSCLC patients with METex14 skipping mutations benefit more from targeted therapies, especially those with splice donor mutations. MET amplification patients benefit universally from targeted therapies; primary MET amplifications show higher benefits with increased copy numbers. For secondary MET amplifications post-EGFR-TKI resistance, dual-target therapy surpasses Crizotinib monotherapy, independent of MET copy number.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dietary intake of live microbes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007-2012.","authors":"Yifeng Xu, Zhaoqi Yan, Liangji Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03453-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03453-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet plays a crucial role in intervening in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet previous studies have not investigated the impact of dietary intake of live microbes on COPD. This study aims to assess the relationship between the two.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012 were selected. The exposure variable was the estimated intake of live microbes in the diet, categorized into low, medium, and high groups. The outcome variable was COPD. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between estimated dietary intake of live microbes and the risk of COPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model, participants with moderate and high dietary intake of live microbes showed a negative association with the prevalence of COPD compared to those with low estimated intake, with reductions of 38% (OR, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39-0.99, P < 0.05) and 44% (OR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34-0.92, P < 0.05) respectively. Additionally, subgroup analysis results remained stable with no observed interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests a negative association between higher dietary live microbe intake and the risk of COPD among adults in the United States.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00005154 First Posted date 26/05/2000(retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis developed during treatment for systemic sclerosis: a case report.","authors":"Tomoki Kozono, Kentaro Tanaka, Tomoko Yagi, Kazuto Kamikawaji, Masaki Watanabe, Azusa Iwanaga, Minako Hamada, Yoshifusa Koreeda, Hiromasa Inoue, Ikkou Higashimoto","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03489-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03489-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reports of autoimmune diseases coexisting with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (autoimmune PAP; APAP) are extremely rare. APAP coexisting with autoimmune diseases may often be misdiagnosed as connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). Here, we describe a rare case of a patient with systemic sclerosis who was diagnosed with APAP after the exacerbation of lung opacities during treatment with immunosuppressive agents.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc) at the age of 68, and initiated treatment with prednisolone (PSL). At the age of 70, she was diagnosed with ILD associated with SSc. Despite intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY), no improvement was observed. A significant elevation of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and a crazy-paving pattern on chest computed tomography (CT) are observed. Bronchoscopy showed milky white bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histology of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain-positive eosinophilic granular material. Serum anti granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibodies were measured, and the result was positive, leading to the diagnosis of APAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with interstitial lung shadows who do not improve with immunosuppressive treatment, PAP is one of the differential diagnoses that should be considered. All physicians should be aware that the appropriate diagnosis of PAP and the measurement of serum anti-GM-CSF antibodies will critically affect patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLRP3 is a BMI-independent mediator of stable COPD.","authors":"Yonca Gungor, Selin Ercan, Saliha Selin Özuygur Ermiş, Yiğit Kozalı, Gizem Kursunluoglu, Ceyda Sahan, Aylin Ozgen Alpaydin, Hulya Ayar Kayali","doi":"10.1186/s12890-024-03435-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-024-03435-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The inflammatory response in animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is activated by the NLR-family-pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway, which is also known to play a role in obesity-related inflammation. The NLRP3/caspase-1/interleukin (IL)-1β pathway might be involved in the progression of COPD with increasing body mass index. To our knowledge, no previous studies have explored the role of NLRP3 inflammasome markers in linking COPD and obesity. Here, we aim to investigate this potential connection by examining levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-17A and to provide additional data on the expression of these molecules in relation to smoking status and COPD severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case‒control study was conducted between July 2020 and March 2023. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and total RNA was extracted for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis to measure the expression levels of inflammasome molecules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>29 subjects who were diagnosed with stable COPD and 32 controls were included in the data analysis. NLRP3 and IL-17A but not caspase-1 or IL-1β expression was significantly greater in the COPD group than in the control group. We detected a significant increase in NLRP3 levels in the smoker COPD group (p = 0.009) and nonsmoker COPD group (p = 0.045) compared with those in the nonsmoker control group. There was no significant correlation between BMI and the inflammasome markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As proinflammatory biomarkers, NLRP3 and IL-17A are prominent in stable COPD patients. Smoking may trigger NLRP3-mediated inflammation in stable COPD patients. The expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome molecules did not differ in terms of disease severity or BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting cough variant asthma diagnosis.","authors":"Jiao Min, Xiaomiao Tang, Di Zhang, Jin Yang, Fei Li, Wei Lei","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03478-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12890-025-03478-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cough variant asthma (CVA) is a specific type of asthma characterized by chronic cough as the sole or predominant symptom. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, yet bronchial provocation test is not always feasible in clinical settings. To identify independent predictors of CVA diagnosis, we developed a nomogram for predicting CVA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to construct the model, and the accuracy and consistency of the prediction model were subsequently validated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of clinical data from 241 outpatients with chronic cough (≥ 8 weeks) who underwent bronchial provocation test at our hospital between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were categorized into CVA group and Non-CVA group based on diagnostic criteria. Univariate analysis (chi-square and t-tests) was performed, followed by multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors. A nomogram was constructed using these predictors and validated using Bootstrap resampling (B = 200) to calculate the C-index. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to assess the model's accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 241 outpatients, 156 (64.7%) were diagnosed with CVA. Multivariate analysis identified several independent predictors of CVA, including cough triggered by cold air (OR = 12.493, P = 0.019), exposure to pungent odors (OR = 3.969, P = 0.002), cough phasing (OR = 4.515, P < 0.001), history of allergic rhinitis (OR = 3.231, P = 0.018), and the percentage of the predicted value of maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF%pred) (OR = 0.981, P = 0.039) were independent predictors of CVA. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.829) and calibration, with a sensitivity of 75.3% and specificity of 77.6% at the optimal cutoff. The C-index was 0.920, indicating excellent model performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We successfully developed and validated a user-friendly nomogram that accurately predicted CVA diagnosis based on clinical characteristics and pulmonary function test. This nomogram model could assist clinicians in diagnosing CVA, especially in patients without bronchial provocation test or with contraindications to bronchial provocation test.</p>","PeriodicalId":9148,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}